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Wang Y, Chen G, Zhou D, Xu L, Meng Q, Lin B, Hao J, Sun F, Hou Y, Li N. Chemical profile of the roots of Clausena lansium and their inhibitory effects of the over-activation in BV-2 microglial cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114008. [PMID: 38346545 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
From the 95% ethanol aqueous extract of the roots of Clausena lansium, six previously undescribed alkaloids (1, 2a, 2b, 15, 24a, 24b), a pair of prenylated phenylpropenols (26a, 26b), two coumarins (27, 28), and two undescribed sesquiterpenes (37, 38) were isolated and identified using spectroscopic and electron circular dichroism data, together with thirty-two known compounds. The absolute configurations of three alkaloids (3a, 3b, 4a) were determined for the first time. In vitro assay showed that alkaloids 7, 10, 12, 19, and furanocoumarins 34, 35 displayed inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells, which were stronger than that of the minocycline (positive control). RT-PCR results indicated that indizoline (7) could inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in LPS-treated BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Libin Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Jinle Hao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Fuxin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Seeman MV. Schizophrenia in Women: Clinical Considerations. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:475-486. [PMID: 37500245 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Men and women, for biologic and sociocultural reasons, differ in the nature of their risks for schizophrenia and also in their care needs. Women with schizophrenia have several reproduction-associated risks and care needs that require special clinical consideration. They also have several specific risks related to antipsychotics and gender-associated needs not necessarily related to biology. These require clinicians' diagnostic acumen, treatment skills, cultural sensitivity, and advocacy know-how. Although this does not pertain to everyone, awareness on the part of clinicians is essential. This article addresses the current evidence for difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5P3L6, Canada.
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Lutfi Ismaeel G, Makki AlHassani OJ, S Alazragi R, Hussein Ahmed A, H Mohamed A, Yasir Jasim N, Hassan Shari F, Almashhadani HA. Genetically engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) therapy for neurological diseases; state-of-the-art. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3363. [PMID: 37221947 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells with remarkable self-renewal potential and also unique competencies to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes (ODCs) and improve the cellular microenvironment. In addition, NSCs secret diversity of mediators, including neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and NT-3), pro-angiogenic mediators (e.g., FGF-2 and VEGF), and anti-inflammatory biomolecules. Thereby, NSCs transplantation has become a reasonable and effective treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders by their capacity to induce neurogenesis and vasculogenesis and dampen neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Nonetheless, various drawbacks such as lower migration and survival and less differential capacity to a particular cell lineage concerning the disease pathogenesis hinder their application. Thus, genetic engineering of NSCs before transplantation is recently regarded as an innovative strategy to bypass these hurdles. Indeed, genetically modified NSCs could bring about more favored therapeutic influences post-transplantation in vivo, making them an excellent option for neurological disease therapy. This review for the first time offers a comprehensive review of the therapeutic capability of genetically modified NSCs rather than naïve NSCs in neurological disease beyond brain tumors and sheds light on the recent progress and prospect in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Reem S Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Hussein Ahmed
- Department of Radiology and Sonar, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Intelligent Medical Systems Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Nisreen Yasir Jasim
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Falah Hassan Shari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Chemical constituents from leaves of Jatropha curcas. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [PMID: 37538861 PMCID: PMC10394345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Jatropha curcas and evaluate their inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia cells. Methods The n-BuOH extract of the leaves of J. curcas was isolated by macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, ODS, column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by MS, NMR, ECD, and other spectroscopic methods. In addition, anti-neuroinflammatory effects of isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) in over-activated BV-2 cells. Results Seventeen compounds, including (7R,8S)-crataegifin A-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (8R,8'R)-arctigenin (2), arctigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-syringaresinol (4), syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (-)-pinoresinol (6), pinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), buddlenol D (8), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin (9), (2S,3S)-epicatechin (10), (2R,3S)-catechin (11), isovitexin (12), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), chamaejasmin (14), neochamaejasmin B (15), isoneochamaejasmin A (16), and tomentin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17) were isolated and identified. Compounds 2, 4 and 8 significantly inhibited the release of NO in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS, with IC50 values of 18.34, 29.33 and 26.30 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is a novel compound, and compounds 2, 3, 8, 14-17 are isolated from Jatropha genus for the first time. In addition, the lignans significantly inhibited NO release and the inhibitory activity was decreased after glycosylation.
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Rubio T, Viana R, Moreno-Estellés M, Campos-Rodríguez Á, Sanz P. TNF and IL6/Jak2 signaling pathways are the main contributors of the glia-derived neuroinflammation present in Lafora disease, a fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105964. [PMID: 36526090 PMCID: PMC10682476 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD; OMIM#254780) is a rare form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (prevalence <1:1,000,000) characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of aberrant glycogen (polyglucosans), named Lafora bodies, in the brain but also in peripheral tissues. LD is the most severe form of the group of progressive myoclonus epilepsies, since patients present a rapid deterioration and dementia with amplification of seizures, leading to death after a decade from the onset of the first symptoms. We have recently described that reactive glia-derived neuroinflammation should be considered a novel hallmark of LD since we observed a florid upregulation of differentially expressed genes in both LD mouse lines, which were mainly related to mediators of inflammatory response. In this work, we define an upregulation of the expression of mediators of the TNF and IL6/JAK2 signaling pathways in LD. In addition, we describe the activation of the non-canonical form of the inflammasome. Furthermore, we describe the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in the brain parenchyma, which could aggravate glia-derived neuroinflammation. Finally, we describe CXCL10 and S100b as blood biomarkers of the disease, which will allow the study of the progression of the disease using serum blood samples. We consider that the identification of these initial inflammatory changes in LD will be very important to implement possible anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Viana
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno-Estellés
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain..
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Montaser AB, Kuiri J, Natunen T, Hruška P, Potěšil D, Auriola S, Hiltunen M, Terasaki T, Lehtonen M, Jalkanen A, Huttunen KM. Enhanced drug delivery by a prodrug approach effectively relieves neuroinflammation in mice. Life Sci 2022; 310:121088. [PMID: 36257461 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroinflammation is a prominent hallmark in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Halting neuroinflammation can slow down the progression of NDs. Improving the efficacy of clinically available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a promising approach that may lead to fast-track and effective disease-modifying therapies for NDs. Here, we aimed to utilize the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) to improve the efficacy of salicylic acid as an example of an NSAID prodrug, for which brain uptake and intracellular localization have been reported earlier. MAIN METHODS Firstly, we confirmed the improved LAT1 utilization of the salicylic acid prodrug (SA-AA) in freshly isolated primary mouse microglial cells. Secondly, we performed behavioural rotarod, open field, and four-limb hanging tests in mice, and a whole-brain proteome analysis. KEY FINDINGS The SA-AA prodrug alleviated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the rotarod and hanging tests. The proteome analysis indicated decreased neuroinflammation at the molecular level. We identified 399 proteins linked to neuroinflammation out of 7416 proteins detected in the mouse brain. Among them, Gps2, Vamp8, Slc6a3, Slc18a2, Slc5a7, Rgs9, Lrrc1, Ppp1r1b, Gnal, and Adcy5/6 were associated with the drug's effects. The SA-AA prodrug attenuated the LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the regulation of critical pathways of neuroinflammation such as the cellular response to stress and transmission across chemical synapses. SIGNIFICANCE The efficacy of NSAIDs can be improved via the utilization of LAT1 and repurposed for the treatment of neuroinflammation. This improved brain delivery and microglia localisation can be applied to other inflammatory modulators to achieve effective and targeted CNS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Janita Kuiri
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pavel Hruška
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aaro Jalkanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Shi K, Zhang J, Zhou E, Wang J, Wang Y. Small-Molecule Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Multifaceted Diseases: Current Medicinal Chemistry Insights and Emerging Opportunities. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14971-14999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Shi
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Enda Zhou
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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Wang Y, Zhou D, Meng Q, Xu L, Yao X, Ni X, Xie H, Wu G, Chen G, Hou Y, Li N. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, and chemical profile of Jatropha curcas L. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105720. [PMID: 35305482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of the stems of Jatropha curcas (ESJ) exerted prominent anti-neuroinflammatory effect through inhibiting microglial overactivation, and reducing mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, including nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-1β in the cortex and the formation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in C57BL/6 mice. Phytochemical research afforded twenty-three major constituents, including five undescribed components (diterpenes 1-3, 7 and a triterpene 18) and a new natural product [a diterpene, (3S,5S,10R)-3-hydroxy-12-methoxy-13-methylpodopcarpa-8,11,13-trien-7-one (8)], by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Bioassay showed that ESJ (IC50: 6.49 μg/mL), diterpenes 1, 5, 12, 14, 15, 17, triterpenes 18, 19, preussomerin 22, and lactone 23 (IC50 values from 0.10 to 49.05 μM) inhibited NO production more strongly than the positive control in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells. HPLC experiment further substantiated that 1, 5, 12, 14-15, 17-19, 22-23 are the characteristic constituents of ESJ, suggesting they might possess the potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Libin Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Yao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xue Ni
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haihui Xie
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Wang Y, Chen G, Meng Q, Yao X, Li Y, Cao H, Lin B, Hou Y, Zhou D, Li N. Potential inhibitors of microglial activation from the roots of Vernicia montana Lour. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113019. [PMID: 34826794 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During our continuous investigation of natural, herbal inhibitors of microglial over-activation in the Euphorbiaceae family, two plants of the Vernicia genus showed remarkable inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in over-activated microglia. In this study, bioactivity-guided phytochemical research on the active fraction of the roots of V. montana was carried out. As a result, seven undescribed terpenoids and lignans, together with thirty-one known components, were isolated and identified using comprehensive spectral analysis. All the identified compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 cells. Combined with our previous research on the Vernicia genus, the effective material basis of different plants and medicinal components was analyzed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Sate Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaohu Yao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Honglin Cao
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guanzhou, 510650, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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