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Langer P. Domino reactions of chromones with activated carbonyl compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1256-1269. [PMID: 38887577 PMCID: PMC11181257 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Domino reactions of chromones with activated carbonyl compounds, such as dimethyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylate and 1,3-diphenylacetone, and with 1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes, electroneutral equivalents of 1,3-dicarbonyl dianions, allow for a convenient synthesis of a great variety of products. The regioselectivity and course of the reaction depends of the substituent located at carbon C3 of the chromone moiety and also on the type of nucleophile employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Gaspar A, Garrido EMP, Borges F, Garrido JM. Biological and Medicinal Properties of Natural Chromones and Chromanones. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21706-21726. [PMID: 38799321 PMCID: PMC11112580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Emerging threats to human health require a concerted effort to search for new treatment therapies. One of the biggest challenges is finding medicines with few or no side effects. Natural products have historically contributed to major advances in the field of pharmacotherapy, as they offer special characteristics compared to conventional synthetic molecules. Interest in natural products is being revitalized, in a continuous search for lead structures that can be used as models for the development of new medicines by the pharmaceutical industry. Chromone and chromanones are recognized as privileged structures and useful templates for the design of diversified therapeutic molecules with potential pharmacological interest. Chromones and chromanones are widely distributed in plants and fungi, and significant biological activities, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, etc., have been reported for these compounds, suggesting their potential as lead drug candidates. This review aims to update the literature published over the last 6 years (2018-2023) regarding the natural occurrence and biological activity of chromones and chromanones, highlighting the recent findings and the perspectives that they hold for future research and applications namely in health, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP-IMS,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169−007 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Nazeri MT, Nasiriani T, Torabi S, Shaabani A. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of benzopyran derivatives with biological scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1102-1134. [PMID: 38251960 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Benzopyrans (BZPs) are among the most privileged and influential small O-heterocycles that form the core of many natural compounds, commercial drugs, biological compositions, agrochemicals, and functional materials. BZPs are divided into six general categories including coumarins, chromans, 2H-chromenes, 4H-chromenes, chromones, and 4-chromanones, each of which is abundant in many plants and foods. These oxygenated heterocyclic compounds are fascinating motifs and have extensive applications in biology and materials science. Hence, numerous efforts have been made to develop innovative approaches for their extraction and synthesis. However, most of them are step-by-step or multi-step strategies that suffer from waste material generation and a tedious extraction process. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (I-MCRs) offer a highly efficient method for overcoming these problems. The I-MCR is a simple and environmentally friendly one-pot domino procedure that does not require intermediate isolation or workup and is generally more efficient in material usage. This review covers all research articles related to I-MCRs for synthesizing BZP derivatives from the beginning to the middle of the year 2023. This strategy will be useful for organic and pharmaceutical chemists to design new drugs and optimize the synthesis steps of biological compounds and commercial drugs with benzopyran cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Nasiriani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Torabi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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4
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Lv Y, Zheng Z, Liu R, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors based on natural privileged scaffolds: A review of systematically structural modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126158. [PMID: 37549764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase is a flavin enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. Various toxic by-products, aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide produced during the catalytic process, can cause oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Overexpression of MAO-B and insufficient dopamine concentration are recognized as pathological factors in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, the inhibition of MAO-B is an attractive target for the treatment of NDs. Despite significant efforts, few selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitors have been clinically approved. Natural products have emerged as valuable sources of lead compounds in drug discovery. Compounds such as chromone, coumarin, chalcone, caffeine, and aurone, present in natural structures, are considered as privileged scaffolds in the synthesis of MAO-B inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of MAO-B inhibitors based on the naturally privileged scaffolds over the past 20 years. Additionally, we proposed a balanced discussion on the advantages and limitations of natural scaffold-based MAO-B inhibitors with providing a future perspective in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, China.
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Ipe RS, Kumar S, Benny F, Jayan J, Manoharan A, Sudevan ST, George G, Gahtori P, Kim H, Mathew B. A Concise Review of the Recent Structural Explorations of Chromones as MAO-B Inhibitors: Update from 2017 to 2023. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1310. [PMID: 37765118 PMCID: PMC10534638 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are a family of flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous amines. Multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are closely correlated with altered biogenic amine concentrations in the brain caused by MAO. Toxic byproducts of this oxidative breakdown, including hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, and ammonia, can cause oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain cells. Certain MAO-B blockers have been recognized as effective treatment options for managing neurological conditions, including AD and PD. There is still a pressing need to find potent therapeutic molecules to fight these disorders. However, the focus of neurodegeneration studies has recently increased, and certain compounds are now in clinical trials. Chromones are promising structures for developing therapeutic compounds, especially in neuronal degeneration. This review focuses on the MAO-B inhibitory potential of several synthesized chromones and their structural activity relationships. Concerning the discovery of a novel class of effective chromone-based selective MAO-B-inhibiting agents, this review offers readers a better understanding of the most recent additions to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Susan Ipe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Feba Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Jayalakshmi Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Amritha Manoharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Sachitra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India; (R.S.I.); (S.K.); (F.B.); (J.J.); (A.M.); (S.T.S.); (G.G.)
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Sánchez JD, Alcántara AR, González JF, Sánchez-Montero JM. Advances in the discovery of heterocyclic-based drugs against Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1413-1428. [PMID: 37800875 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2264766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. The disease involves interconnected mechanisms, which can be clustered into two target-packs based on the affected proteins. Pack-1 focuses on beta-amyloid accumulation, oxidative stress, and metal homeostasis dysfunction, and Pack-2 involves tau protein, calcium homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. Against this background heterocyclic system, there is a powerful source of pharmacophores to develop effective small drugs to treat multifactorial diseases like Alzheimer's. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the most promising heterocyclic systems as potential hit candidates with multi-target capacity for the development of new drugs targeting Alzheimer's disease. The selection of these heterocyclic systems was based on two crucial factors: their synthetic versatility and their well-documented biological properties of therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. EXPERT OPINION The synthesis of small drugs against Alzheimer's disease requires a multifactorial approach that targets the key pathological proteins. In this context, the utilization of heterocyclic systems, with well-established synthetic processes and facile functionalization, becomes a crucial element in the design phases. Furthermore, the selection of hit heterocyclic should be guided by a full understanding of their biological activities. Thus, the identification of promising heterocyclic scaffolds with known biological effects increases the potential to develop effective molecules against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Sánchez
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F González
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Montero
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Fatima S, Zaki A, Madhav H, Khatoon BS, Rahman A, Manhas MW, Hoda N, Ali SM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of morpholinopyrimidine derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19119-19129. [PMID: 37383684 PMCID: PMC10294549 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we outline the synthesis of a few 2-methoxy-6-((4-(6-morpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)(phenyl)methyl)phenol derivatives and assess their anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage cells that have been stimulated by LPS. Among these newly synthesized morpholinopyrimidine derivatives, 2-methoxy-6-((4-methoxyphenyl)(4-(6-morpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenol (V4) and 2-((4-fluorophenyl)(4-(6-morpholinopyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (V8) are two of the most active compounds which can inhibit the production of NO at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Our findings also showed that compounds V4 and V8 dramatically reduced iNOS and cyclooxygenase mRNA expression (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells; western blot analysis showed that the test compounds decreased the amount of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression, hence inhibiting the inflammatory response. We find through molecular docking studies that the chemicals had a strong affinity for the iNOS and COX-2 active sites and formed hydrophobic interactions with them. Therefore, use of these compounds could be suggested as a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Almaz Zaki
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
- Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Bibi Shaguftah Khatoon
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Amity University Gurugram 122413 Haryana India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Mohd Wasif Manhas
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India
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Kulikova LN, Purgatorio R, Beloglazkin AA, Tafeenko VA, Reza RG, Levickaya DD, Sblano S, Boccarelli A, de Candia M, Catto M, Voskressensky LG, Altomare CD. Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1 H-Chromeno[3,2- c]pyridine Derivatives as MAO Inhibitors Endowed with Potential Anticancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097724. [PMID: 37175433 PMCID: PMC10178506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
About twenty molecules sharing 1H-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridine as the scaffold and differing in the degree of saturation of the pyridine ring, oxidation at C10, 1-phenylethynyl at C1 and 1H-indol-3-yl fragments at C10, as well as a few small substituents at C6 and C8, were synthesized starting from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methylchromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-10-ones (1,2,3,4-THCP-10-ones, 1) or 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridines (2,3-DHPCs, 2). The newly synthesized compounds were tested as inhibitors of the human isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO A and B) and cholinesterase (AChE and BChE), and the following main SARs were inferred: (i) The 2,3-DHCP derivatives 2 inhibit MAO A (IC50 about 1 μM) preferentially; (ii) the 1,2,3,4-THCP-10-one 3a, bearing the phenylethynyl fragment at C1, returned as a potent MAO B inhibitor (IC50 0.51 μM) and moderate inhibitor of both ChEs (IC50s 7-8 μM); (iii) the 1H-indol-3-yl fragment at C10 slightly increases the MAO B inhibition potency, with the analog 6c achieving MAO B IC50 of 3.51 μM. The MAO B inhibitor 3a deserves further pharmacological studies as a remedy in the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease and neuroprotectant for Alzheimer's disease. Besides the established neuroprotective effects of MAO inhibitors, the role of MAOs in tumor insurgence and progression has been recently reported. Herein, antiproliferative assays with breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT116) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian (SK-OV-3) tumor cells revealed that the 10-indolyl-bearing 2,3,4,10-THCP analog 6c exerts anti-tumor activity with IC50s in the range 4.83-11.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa N Kulikova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrey A Beloglazkin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Raesi Gh Reza
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria D Levickaya
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabina Sblano
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelina Boccarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Madhav H, Abdel-Rahman SA, Hashmi MA, Rahman MA, Rehan M, Pal K, Nayeem SM, Gabr MT, Hoda N. Multicomponent Petasis reaction for the identification of pyrazine based multi-target directed anti-Alzheimer's agents: In-silico design, synthesis, and characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115354. [PMID: 37043996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) have recently attracted significant interest due to their exceptional effectiveness against multi-factorial Alzheimer's disease. The present work described the development of pyrazine-based MTDLs using multicomponent Petasis reaction for the dual inhibition of tau-aggregation and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE). The molecular structure of synthesized ligands was validated by 1H & 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The screened compounds were shown to have a strong inhibitory effect at 10 μM concentration against tau-oligomerization and hAChE, but only moderate inhibitory activity against Aβ42. Among all the compounds, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for 21 and 24 against hAChE were 0.71 μM and 1.09 μM, respectively, while they displayed half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) values of 2.21 μM and 2.71 μM for cellular tau-oligomerization, respectively. Additionally, an MTT experiment using tau-expressing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells revealed that 21 was more neuroprotective than the FDA-approved medication donepezil. Furthermore, an MD simulation study was performed to investigate the dynamics and stability of AChE-21 and AChE-24 complexes in an aqueous environment. The MM-PBSA calculations were performed to evaluate the binding of 21 and 24 with AChE, and the relative binding energy was calculated as -870.578 and -875.697 kJ mol-1, respectively. As a result, the study offered insight into the design of new MTDLs and highlighted 21 as a potential roadblock to the development of anti-AD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Somaya A Abdel-Rahman
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shahid M Nayeem
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moustafa T Gabr
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Dhanaji JR, Samatha P, Raju S, Mainkar PS, Adepu R, Chandrasekhar S. Substitution controlled aryne insertion: synthesis of diarylmethane/chromones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2648-2651. [PMID: 36779483 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryne insertion reaction with 2-aroyl malonates/cyanoesters lead to the formation of diarylmethane or chromones depending on the substitution on the aryne ring. The presence of an electronegative atom at the ortho position of arynes generates chromones, whereas other arynes lead to the formation of diarylmethanes, via a cascade double aryne insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadhav Rahul Dhanaji
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Polasani Samatha
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Silver Raju
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prathama S Mainkar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Adepu
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Kwesiga G, Greese J, Kelling A, Sperlich E, Schmidt B. The Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling-Claisen Rearrangement-Cross-Metathesis Approach to Prenylated Isoflavones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1649-1664. [PMID: 36633349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones were synthesized via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 3-iodochromones and para-methoxybenzene- and para-phenolboronic acid. In our hands, conditions commonly used for similar cross couplings turned out to be unsuccessful or difficult to reproduce, for example, due to the unplanned partial cleavage of MOM-protecting groups. Using Pd(dba)2 as a precatalyst and tricyclohexylphosphine as an activating ligand, reliable cross-coupling conditions were identified. In all cases, notably higher yields of isoflavones were obtained with para-phenolboronic acid than with para-methoxybenzene boronic acid. This observation and the commercial availability of para-phenolboronic acid suggest that for the synthesis of the important 3'-prenyl- or 3',5'-diprenylisoflavone substitution pattern a synthetic route that introduces the prenyl substituents after the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling step, thereby avoiding laborious and protecting-group-intensive multistep syntheses of C-prenylated arene boronic acids, is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kwesiga
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Kabale University, P.O. Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Julia Greese
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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