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Zhai J, Hao C, Wang X, Cao Y, Pan Y, Zhou M, Sun J, Li C. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of dual-target inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300693. [PMID: 38332316 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Aβ1-42 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are two key therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study is to develop a dual-target inhibitor that inhibits both of these targets by fusing the chemical structure of baicalein and donepezil. Among them, we modified the structure of baicalein to arylcoumarin, synthesized three kinds of structural compounds, and evaluated their biological activities. The results showed that compound 3b had the strongest inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.02 µM), which was better than those of donepezil and baicalein. In addition, compound 3b has a strong ability to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-42 and protect nerve cells, and it can also penetrate the blood-brain barrier well. Using a zebrafish behavioral analyzer test, it was found that compound 3b can alleviate the behavioral effects of AlCl3-induced zebrafish larval movement retardation, which has a certain guiding significance for simulating the movement disorders of AD patients. In summary, compound 3b is expected to become a multifunctional agent for treating and alleviating the symptoms of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Canhua Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuexing Cao
- Jinan Shangcheng Pharmatech. Co. Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yinbo Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zou D, Liu R, Lv Y, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Latest advances in dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2270781. [PMID: 37955252 PMCID: PMC10653629 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2270781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease characterised by progressive memory loss and cognition impairment, ultimately leading to death. There are three FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, AChEIs) for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been considered to contribute to pathologies of AD. Therefore, we reviewed the dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and MAO-B developed in the last five years. In this review, these dual-target inhibitors were classified into six groups according to the basic parent structure, including chalcone, coumarin, chromone, benzo-fused five-membered ring, imine and hydrazine, and other scaffolds. Their design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and molecular docking studies with AChE and MAO-B were analysed and discussed, giving valuable insights for the subsequent development of AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors. Challenges in the development of balanced and potent AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors were noted, and corresponding solutions were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Wang H, Su M, Shi X, Li X, Zhang X, Yang A, Shen R. Design, Synthesis, Calculation and Biological Activity Studies Based on Privileged Coumarin Derivatives as Multifunctional Anti-AD Lead Compound. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200867. [PMID: 36461922 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins and their derivatives possessed a variety of biological activities and some of coumarin-based drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has caused great losses to human society. However, due to its complex pathogenesis, the ideal therapeutic approach has not been found yet. Free radical scavenging activity which is one of the main activities of coumarin core structure is closely related to other anti-AD activities. Therefore, in this work coumarins were chosen as privileged lead compounds for the development of anti-AD drugs based on strategy of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). Derivatives 1-3 which could modulate multiple targets simultaneously, including ROS, cholinesterase, βamyloid (Aβ) aggregation, and metal dyshomeostasis were designed and for the first time synthesized. Their anti-AD activities were studied both in vitro and in silico. Results showed that 1-3 possessed potent antioxidant activities and 7-OH group did change the electron distribution of the molecule and enhance the antioxidant activities. They also have good inhibition activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ aggregation and compound 1 had the strongest AChE inhibitory effect among the three compounds (AChE IC50 =11.15 μM). Compound 1-3 could also selectively chelate with Cu2+ and Al3+ to regulate the metal homeostasis. In silico simulations, including molecular docking and prediction of ADMET performance, indicated that 1-3 could interact with target proteins and cross the blood brain barrier. In conclusion, 1-3 could be promising MTDLs applied as anti-AD candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 222005, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mengyang Su
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, 222005, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 222005, Lianyungang, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
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Synthesis, Structure and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of New Diarylpyrazoles. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gladis EHE, Nagashri K, Krishnendu A. Synthesis, structural elucidation, DNA binding, cleavage, AChE and BuChE cholinesterase efficiencies of metal complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline scaffold. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:285-313. [PMID: 35080488 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.2011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of metal complexes containing a 1,10-phenanthroline scaffold [ML] (L-1,10-Phenanthroline derivative comprises conjugated aromatic core and electron withdrawing -NO2 group); M = Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) ions were designed and synthesized to obtain effective anti-cholinesterase efficiencies of metal chelates. Analytical and spectroscopic studies were used to determine the structural features. An octahedral structure with moderate distortion was attributed to the above metal chelates based on spectroscopic data. S. aureus, A. niger, C. albicans, B.subtilis, A. flavus, and E. coli were used to test the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ligands and metal complexes. Using agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragmentation proficiency of prepared metal complexes was tested on pUC 18 DNA. The distorted octahedral geometry of the copper(II) complex to DNA (Kb = 4.11 × 105 M-1) is stronger than that of ethidium bromide (EB) to DNA (Kb = 3.3 × 105 M-1) and other metal complexes, respectively. The synthesized 1,10-phenanthroline derivative had the best inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 0.45 and 3.6 M, respectively, which were lower than the reference molecules. Our experimental results may contribute to the development of new drug molecules particularly in the treatment of neurological disorders including glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. The actions of inhibitors on the glycosidase enzyme help to delay the breakdown and release of sugar molecules into the bloodstream, and they can be used as therapeutic factors in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Edinsha Gladis
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nagashri
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, India
| | - A Krishnendu
- Department of Chemistry, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mehreen S, Ullah A, Nadeem H, Dege N, Naseer MM. Synthesis, solid state self-assembly driven by antiparallel π⋯π stacking and {⋯H-C-C-F} 2 dimer synthons, and in vitro acetyl cholinesterase inhibition activity of phenoxy pendant isatins. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1788-1796. [PMID: 35425213 PMCID: PMC8979220 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel phenoxy pendant isatins PI1-12 have been synthesized in excellent yields by a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction involving isatins and 1-(2-bromoethoxy)-4-substituted benzenes, and characterized by their FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GC-MS data, and in the case of PI4 by its single crystal X-ray analysis. The solid-state structure of PI4 showed an intriguing and unique 1D-supramolecular chain-based self-assembled structure, the driving force of which is mainly the strong antiparallel π⋯π stacking and {⋯H-C-C-F}2 dimer synthons. This compound not only highlights the potential of the isatin moiety in forming strong antiparallel π⋯π stacking interactions but also provides a platform to have considerable insight into the nature, strength and directionality of much debated π-π and C-H⋯F-C interactions. The in vitro biological studies revealed that three phenoxy pendant isatins PI1, PI2 and PI4 are highly potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase enzyme with IC50 values of 0.52 ± 0.073 μg ml-1, 0.72 ± 0.012 μg ml-1 and 0.68 ± 0.011 μg ml-1, respectively, showing comparable activity to the standard drug, donepezil (IC50 = 0.73 ± 0.015 μg ml-1). A simple and efficient synthesis of phenoxy pendant isatins PI1-12 from inexpensive and commercially available starting materials, and their high potential of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition provide an attractive opportunity to find more effective medication for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Mehreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University G-7/4 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Necmi Dege
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics Kurupelit 55139 Samsun Turkey
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