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Guo Y, Liu S, Jing D, Liu N, Luo X. The construction of elastin-like polypeptides and their applications in drug delivery system and tissue repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:418. [PMID: 37951928 PMCID: PMC10638729 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are thermally responsive biopolymers derived from natural elastin. These peptides have a low critical solution temperature phase behavior and can be used to prepare stimuli-responsive biomaterials. Through genetic engineering, biomaterials prepared from ELPs can have unique and customizable properties. By adjusting the amino acid sequence and length of ELPs, nanostructures, such as micelles and nanofibers, can be formed. Correspondingly, ELPs have been used for improving the stability and prolonging drug-release time. Furthermore, ELPs have widespread use in tissue repair due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Here, this review summarizes the basic property composition of ELPs and the methods for modulating their phase transition properties, discusses the application of drug delivery system and tissue repair and clarifies the current challenges and future directions of ELPs in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Shiwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Dan Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Nianzu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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2
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Li W, Li F, Li T, Zhang W, Li B, Liu K, Lun X, Guo Y. Self-actuated biomimetic nanocomposites for photothermal therapy and PD-L1 immunosuppression. Front Chem 2023; 11:1167586. [PMID: 37007061 PMCID: PMC10063802 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1167586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic nanocomposites are widely used in the biomedical field because they can effectively solve the problems existing in the current cancer treatment by realizing multi-mode collaborative treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized a multifunctional therapeutic platform (PB/PM/HRP/Apt) with unique working mechanism and good tumor treatment effect. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBs) with good photothermal conversion efficiency were used as nuclei and coated with platelet membrane (PM). The ability of platelets (PLTs) to specifically target cancer cells and inflammatory sites can effectively enhance PB accumulation at tumor sites. The surface of the synthesized nanocomposites was modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to enhance the deep penetration of the nanocomposites in cancer cells. In addition, PD-L1 aptamer and 4T1 cell aptamer AS1411 were modified on the nanocomposite to achieve immunotherapy and enhance targeting. The particle size, UV absorption spectrum and Zeta potential of the biomimetic nanocomposite were determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and nano-particle size meter, and the successful preparation was proved. In addition, the biomimetic nanocomposites were proved to have good photothermal properties by infrared thermography. The cytotoxicity test showed that it had a good killing ability of cancer cells. Finally, thermal imaging, tumor volume detection, immune factor detection and Haematoxilin-Eosin (HE) staining of mice showed that the biomimetic nanocomposites had good anti-tumor effect and could trigger immune response in vivo. Therefore, this biomimetic nanoplatform as a promising therapeutic strategy provides new inspiration for the current diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Fen Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Binglin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kunrui Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Lun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yingshu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yingshu Guo,
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3
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Wu D, Zhang W, Li T, Li F, Feng Q, Cheng X, Guo Y. In situ detection of miRNA-21 in MCF-7 cell-derived extracellular vesicles using the red blood cell membrane vesicle strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1987-1990. [PMID: 36723001 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05954a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we constructed a novel membrane fusion strategy for extracellular vesicles (EVs) and red blood cell membrane vesicles (RVs). A nanoscale space is formed, which can improve the efficiency of the probe reaction with miRNA-21, which allows the in situ fluorescence detection of miRNA-21 in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China. .,Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Fen Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Qingfang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Yingshu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
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4
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Guo Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Wang Q, Jing D, Liu S. Nanomaterials based on thermosensitive polymer in biomedical field. Front Chem 2022; 10:946183. [PMID: 36212064 PMCID: PMC9532752 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.946183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of nanotechnology enables us to make use of the special properties of materials on the nanoscale and open up many new fields of biomedical research. Among them, thermosensitive nanomaterials stand out in many biomedical fields because of their “intelligent” behavior in response to temperature changes. However, this article mainly reviews the research progress of thermosensitive nanomaterials, which are popular in biomedical applications in recent years. Here, we simply classify the thermally responsive nanomaterials according to the types of polymers, focusing on the mechanisms of action and their advantages and potential. Finally, we deeply investigate the applications of thermosensitive nanomaterials in drug delivery, tissue engineering, sensing analysis, cell culture, 3D printing, and other fields and probe the current challenges and future development prospects of thermosensitive nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yingshu Guo,
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Dan Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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5
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Chen X, Deng Y, Niu R, Sun Z, Batool A, Wang L, Zhang C, Ma N, Yang Q, Liu G, Yang J, Luo Y. Cancer-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles PICKER. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13019-13027. [PMID: 35980378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (csEVs) play critical roles in the genesis and development of various cancers. However, accurate detection of low-abundance csEVs remains particularly challenging due to the complex clinical sample composition. In the present study, we constructed a Programmable Isothermal Cascade Keen Enzyme-free Reporter (PICKER) for the reliable detection and acquisition of the relative abundance of csEVs in total sEVs (tsEVs) by integrating dual-aptamer recognition (cancer-specific protein EpCAM and tetraspanin protein CD63) with a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification. By employing this strategy, we were able to achieve a detection limit of 420 particles/μL csEVs. Particularly, we proposed a novel particle ratio index of csEV against tsEV (PRcsEV/tsEV) to greatly eliminate errors from inconsistent centrifugation, which was calculated from the fluorescence ratio produced by csEVs and tsEVs. The PICKER showed a 1/10,000 discrimination capability by successfully picking out 1.0 × 103 csEV from 1.0 × 107 tsEV per microliter. We also found that the PRcsEV/tsEV value increased proportional to the stages of breast cancer by analyzing EVs from clinical patients' plasma. Taken together, we established a PICKER strategy capable of accurately discriminating csEVs, and the proposed PRcsEV/tsEV had been proven a potential indicator of breast cancer staging, paving the way toward facilitating cancer diagnosis and precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yun Deng
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Niu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Sun
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Alya Batool
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ningyu Ma
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qingtang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402260, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, P. R. China
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Carnino JM, Lee H, Smith LC, Sunil VR, Rancourt RC, Vayas K, Cervelli J, Kwok ZH, Ni K, Laskin JD, Jin Y, Laskin DL. Microvesicle-Derived miRNAs Regulate Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation in the Lung Following Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:162-174. [PMID: 35201360 PMCID: PMC9041552 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is a ubiquitous air pollutant that causes lung damage and altered functioning. Evidence suggests that proinflammatory macrophages contribute to ozone toxicity. Herein, we analyzed the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microRNA (miRNA) cargo in ozone-induced macrophage activation. Exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid EVs, which were comprised predominantly of microvesicles (MVs). NanoFACS analysis revealed that MVs generated following both air and ozone exposure was largely from CD45+ myeloid cells; these MVs were readily taken up by macrophages. Functionally, MVs from ozone, but not air treated mice, upregulated mRNA expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophages including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and interleukin (IL)-1β. The miRNA profile of MVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was altered after ozone exposure; thus, increases in miR-21, miR-145, miR320a, miR-155, let-7b, miR744, miR181, miR-17, miR-92a, and miR-199a-3p were observed, whereas miR-24-3p and miR-20 were reduced. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that these miRNAs regulate pathways that promote inflammatory macrophage activation, and predicted that let-7a-5p/let-7b, miR-24-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-17, and miR-181a-5p are key upstream regulators of inflammatory proteins. After ozone exposure, miR-199a-3p, but not precursor miR-199a-3p, was increased in lung macrophages, indicating that it is derived from MV-mediated delivery. Furthermore, lung macrophage mRNA expression of IL-1β was upregulated after administration of MVs containing miR-199a-3p mimic but downregulated by miR-199a-3p inhibitor. Collectively, these data suggest that MVs generated following ozone exposure contribute to proinflammatory macrophage activation via MV-derived miRNAs including miR-199a-3p. These findings identify a novel pathway regulating macrophage inflammatory responses to inhaled ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Carnino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Ley Cody Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Raymond C Rancourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kinal Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jessica Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Zhi Hao Kwok
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Kareemah Ni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Ding L, Zhou W, Zhang J, Tang Q, Xiao W, Chen M, Shen Z, Chen W. Calming egress of inflammatory monocytes and related septic shock by therapeutic CCR2 silencing using macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4935-4945. [PMID: 35225315 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06922e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation, featuring the aggravated mobilization of Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes (Mos), may cause high morbidity and mortality in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated immune disorders. Inspired by the similar membrane protein profile of extracellular vehicles (EVs) and their parent cells, EVs are generated from immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (Mps) for Mo/Mp-targeting drug delivery. Compared with MSC-EVs, Mac-EVs are more efficiently internalized by inflammatory Mo/Mps in vitro as well as by septic spleen in vivo. By loading with siRNA targeting the chemokine receptor CCR2, the mediator for chemotaxis of inflammatory Mo/Mps, Mac-EVsiCCR2 not only restrains chemotaxis of inflammatory Mo/Mps but also relieves septic symptoms in mice by limiting the mobilization of splenic inflammatory monocytes and calming the subsequent serum cytokine storm. The current study provides functional evidence for the successful therapeutic targeting of septic inflammatory Mos, mandating the clinical development of CCR2 inhibition in patients with infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingsong Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Weizhang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Guo Y, Li W, Liu S, Jing D, Wang Y, Feng Q, Zhang K, Xu J. Construction of nanocarriers based on endogenous cell membrane and its application in nanomedicine. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Wenxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Linyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Dan Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Qingfang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Life Sciences Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 China
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