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Teli P, Soni S, Teli S, Agarwal S. Unlocking Diversity: From Simple to Cutting-Edge Synthetic Methodologies of Bis(indolyl)methanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:8. [PMID: 38403746 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From a synthetic perspective, bis(indolyl)methanes have undergone extensive investigation over the past two to three decades owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. These highly desirable attributes have spurred significant interest within the scientific community, leading to the development of various synthetic strategies that are not only more efficient but also ecofriendly. This synthesis-based literature review delves into the advancements made in the past 5 years, focusing on the synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. The review encompasses a wide array of methods, ranging from well-established techniques to more unconventional and innovative approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the exploration of various substrates, encompassing readily available chemicals such as indole, aldehydes/ketones, indolyl methanols, etc. as well as the use of some specific compounds as starting materials to achieve the synthesis of this invaluable molecule. By encapsulating the latest developments in this field, this review provides insights into the expanding horizons of bis(indolyl)methane synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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Santos AS, Ferro RD, Viduedo N, Maia LB, Silva AMS, Marques MMB. Synthesis of Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Mediated by Potassium tert-Butoxide. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200265. [PMID: 36650736 PMCID: PMC9845755 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The indole moiety is an important N-heterocycle found in natural products, and a key structural component of many value-added chemicals including pharmaceuticals. In particular, bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIMs) are an important subgroup of indoles, composed of two indole units. Herein, we report the development of a simple method to access BIMs derivatives in yields of up to 77 % by exploiting a tBuOK-mediated coupling reaction of indoles and benzyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sofia Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Rita D. Ferro
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Nuno Viduedo
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Luísa B. Maia
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade Nova de LisboaCampus de Caparica2829-516CaparicaPortugal
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Sun W, Zhang SZ, Xue YJ, Mo LP, Zhang ZH. Perovskite as recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst for synthesis of bis-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Selectfluor-promoted α-methylenation of aromatic ketones to terminal olefins using acetonitrile as one carbon source. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Visible Light‐Promoted Fluorescein/Ni‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bis‐(β‐Dicarbonyls) using Olefins as a Methylene Bridge Synthon. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Guo S, Li Y, Fan W, Liu Z, Huang D. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Selective CAr-H Bond Formylation: Synthesis of Dialdehyde Aniline. Front Chem 2022; 10:891858. [PMID: 35685349 PMCID: PMC9171048 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.891858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of dialdehyde aniline in good yields (up to 83%) is explored using Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst, Selectfluor as the radical initiator, and DMSO as both the carbon and oxygen sources. Experimental studies indicate that the reaction is achieved by the formylation of two CAr-H bonds, first at the para-position and then at the ortho-position. A possible mechanism is proposed, including the thermal homolysis of Selectfluor, the Cu(II)-facilitated formylation of the CAr-H bonds, and the hydrolysis of the amide under alkaline conditions in air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deguang Huang,
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Kotipalli R, Nagireddy A, Reddy MS. Palladium-catalyzed cyclizative cross coupling of ynone oximes with 2-haloaryl N-acrylamides for isoxazolyl indoline bis-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2609-2614. [PMID: 35298580 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed cyclizative cross-coupling reactions have attracted enormous attention due to their unique cascade nature. We demonstrated, herein, a dual-cyclizative coupling of ynone oxime ethers with acrylamides for the synthesis of methylene-linked isoxazolyl 2-oxindoles. The cascade was triggered by a palladium(II)-catalyzed ynone oxime ether cyclization, which underwent a Heck-type coupling intercepted by an aryl iodide insertion. Control experiments were carried out to understand the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kotipalli
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Attunuri Nagireddy
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Maddi Sridhar Reddy
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhu T, Huang Y, Fan W, Huang D. Synthesis of methylene-bridged α,β-unsaturated ketones: α-C sp3-H methylenation of aromatic ketones using Selectfluor as a mild oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:415-419. [PMID: 34908092 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A three starting material four component reaction (3SM-4CR) is developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones and β-amino ketones in good yields. The reaction employs tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as a methylene and terminal olefin source, and Selectfluor as a mild oxidant. TMEDA worked as a dual synthon to provide two carbons in this metal-free transformation process. The scope and versatility of the methods have been demonstrated with 23 examples. A Selectfluor-promoted oxidative reaction mechanism is proposed based on the results of the experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fuzhou 350007, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Li B, Qin H, Yan K, Ma J, Yang J, Wen J. NHPI-catalyzed electrochemical C–H alkylation of indoles with alcohols to access di(indolyl)methanes via radical coupling. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present indirect electrochemically mediated radical protocol outperforms the traditional Friedel–Crafts route with a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, as well as facile gram-scale synthesis without metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
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Deb B, Debnath S, Chakraborty A, Majumdar S. Bis-indolylation of aldehydes and ketones using silica-supported FeCl 3: molecular docking studies of bisindoles by targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease binding sites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30827-30839. [PMID: 35498942 PMCID: PMC9041420 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein an operationally simple, efficient and versatile procedure for the synthesis of bis-indolylmethanes via the reaction of indoles with aldehydes or ketones in the presence of silica-supported ferric chloride under grindstone conditions. The prepared supported catalyst was characterized by SEM and EDX spectroscopy. The present protocol has several advantages such as shorter reaction time, high yield, avoidance of using harmful organic solvents during the reaction and tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Molecular docking studies targeted toward the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro or Mpro) enzymes were investigated with the synthesized bis-indoles. Our study revealed that some of the synthesized compounds have potentiality to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme by interacting with key amino acid residues of the active sites via hydrophobic as well as hydrogen bonding interactions. Silica supported FeCl3 catalyzed simple protocol for the synthesis of bis-indolylmethanes was explored via grindstone chemistry. Synthesized compounds were screened virtually as inhibitor by targeting the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 India +91-381-237-4802 +91-381-237-9070
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidalaya Tripura 799114 India
| | - Ankita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 India +91-381-237-4802 +91-381-237-9070
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University Suryamaninagar 799 022 India +91-381-237-4802 +91-381-237-9070
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