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Das B, Dahiya A, Patel BK. Isothiocyanates: happy-go-lucky reagents in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3772-3798. [PMID: 38656266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their unique structural features, isothiocyanates (ITCs) are a class of highly useful and inimitable reagents as the -NCS group serves both as electrophile and nucleophile in organic synthesis. ITCs share a rich legacy in organic, medicinal, and combinatorial chemistry. Compared to their oxygen equivalents, isocyanates, ITCs are easily available, less unpleasant, and somewhat less harmful to work with (mild conditions) which makes them happy-go-lucky reagents. Functionalized ITCs can finely tune the reactivity of the -NCS group and thus can be exploited in the late-stage functionalization processes. This review's primary aim is to outline ITC chemistry in the construction and derivatization of heterocycles through the lens of sustainability. For ease and brevity, the sections are divided based on reactive centers present in functionalized ITCs and modes of cyclisation. Scrutinizing their probable unexplored directions for future research studies is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubul Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Bagadhar Brahma Kishan College, Jalah, Assam 781327, India
| | - Anjali Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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Srinivas B, Shakeena K, Kota DL, Abhinav V, Eswar P, Geetha Sravani R, Sampath Pavan Kumar A, Indukuri K, Dhanaraju KA, Murali Krishna Kumar M, Alla SK. Iron(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Electron-Rich Benzothiazoles from Aryl Isothiocyanates via C-H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4458-4471. [PMID: 36912001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a direct synthetic route for the preparation of 2-arylbenzothiazoles using aryl isothiocyanates and electron-rich arenes. The synthetic route involves triflic acid promoted addition of the arenes to aryl isothiocyanates followed by FeCl3-catalyzed C-S bond formation via C-H functionalization. The approach provides the advantage of synthesis of benzothiazoles without the conventional use of aryl aldehyde/carboxylic acid precursors employing the less expensive iron(III) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokka Srinivas
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Kotari Shakeena
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Durgeswari Lakkavarapu Kota
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Valeti Abhinav
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Pyla Eswar
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Rongali Geetha Sravani
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Anandam Sampath Pavan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Kiran Indukuri
- Chemistry-Discovery Research Lab, Dextro Synthesis Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana 500090, India
| | | | | | - Santhosh Kumar Alla
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
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3
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Morrill C, Gillespie JE, Phipps RJ. An Aminative Rearrangement of O-(Arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines: Facile Access to ortho-Sulfonyl Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204025. [PMID: 35703005 PMCID: PMC9546328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ortho-sulfonyl anilines are important building blocks for a range of applications. We report the discovery of an aromatic rearrangement reaction of O-(arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines which leads directly to ortho-sulfonyl anilines through formation of a new C-N bond with excellent levels of regiocontrol for the ortho position(s) over all others. We establish that the rearrangement is proceeding through an intermolecular mechanism and propose that the regiocontrol observed is the result of attractive non-covalent interactions occurring during the C-N bond-forming step. Importantly, this method is complementary to classical aniline sulfonation in terms of the variously substituted regioisomers that can be obtained and it is also applicable to O-(benzylsulfonyl) hydroxylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - James E. Gillespie
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Robert J. Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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4
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Morrill C, Gillespie JE, Phipps RJ. An Aminative Rearrangement of O‐(Arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines: Facile Access to ortho‐Sulfonyl Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - James E Gillespie
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Robert J Phipps
- University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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Jinan D, Mondal PP, Nair AV, Sahoo B. O-Protected NH-free hydroxylamines: emerging electrophilic aminating reagents for organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13495-13505. [PMID: 34842254 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this highlight, O-protected NH-free hydroxylamine derivatives have been evaluated in the construction of nitrogen-enriched compounds, such as primary amines, amides, and N-heterocycles, with high regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity in the unprotected form, showcasing the late-stage functionalization of natural products, drugs and functional molecules by biocatalysis, organocatalysis, and transition metal catalysis. The reactivity dichotomy among these N-O reagents has been explored based on SET and metal-nitrenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsha Jinan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Anagha Veluthanath Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
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