1
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Gu X, Dai M, Qing X, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wei Z, Liang T. Iron-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-type 3,5-Diacylation of Indoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10272-10282. [PMID: 38967436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of remote functionalization of indoles is impeded by the inherently dominant reactivity intrinsic to the pyrrole moiety. Herein, we delineate a novel strategy facilitated by Lewis acid mediation, enabling the remote C-H functionalization, which culminates in the synthesis of an array of selectively functionalized indole derivatives, encompassing 3-trifluoroacetyl and 5-benzoyl motifs, utilizing trifluoroacetic anhydride and various acyl chlorides. Notably, the protocol exhibits versatility, as epitomized by the extension of C5-acylation to alkylation and sulfonation reactions. This methodology is distinguished by its exemplary regio- and chemo-selectivity, extensive substrate scope, commendable tolerance to a diverse array of functional groups, and the employment of comparatively mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Gu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyi Dai
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirui Qing
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwu Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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2
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Dai M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang R, Wei W, Zhang Z, Liang T. Iodine-Mediated C2,3-H Aminoheteroarylation of Indoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15106-15117. [PMID: 37864558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free one-pot oxidative cross-dehydrogenation coupling reaction for the formation of C-N/C-C bonds at the C2,3-positions of indoles with azoles and quinoxalinones has been developed. The proposed method has several notable features, including metal-free catalysis, the use of N-H free indoles as substrates, ease of operation, mild reaction conditions, and compatibility with a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyi Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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3
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Bondarev VL, Festa AA, Storozhenko OA, Golantsov NE, Pappula V, Tskhovrebov AG, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG. Azo Coupling of Indoles Revisited: Synthesis of Biindolyl Photoswitches via the Azo-Coupling/C-H Functionalization Domino Approach. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12949-12957. [PMID: 37624664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
When azo coupling of aryldiazonium salts with indoles was carried out in aprotic nonpolar solvent on air, a pseudo-three-component reaction has been discovered. Azo coupling is followed by a nucleophilic addition of a second indole unit to the indolium intermediate; aromatization and oxidation are achieved under air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Bondarev
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Storozhenko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita E Golantsov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Venkatanarayana Pappula
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tskhovrebov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Chen D, Li J, Liu G, Zhang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu X, Li Y, Shan Y. Accessing indole-isoindole derivatives via palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10540-10543. [PMID: 37566103 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile protocol for the preparation of indole-isoindole derivatives was developed and proceeds via a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of isocyanides with alkynyl imines. In this transformation, the palladium catalyst has a triple role, serving simultaneously as a π acid, a transition-metal catalyst and a hydride ion donor, thus enabling the dual function of isocyanide both as a C1 synthon for cyanation and a C1N1 synthon for imidoylation. Significantly, the reaction is the sole successful example for accessing indole-isoindole derivatives, and will open up new avenues to assemble unique N-heterocycle frameworks. Furthermore, the synthetic value of this protocol is demonstrated in the late-stage modification of physiologically active molecules and in the construction of aggregation-induced emission compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Gongle Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongwei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinghai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yongqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Yingying Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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5
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Yu W, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Gu X, Liao J, Zhang Z, Wei W, Li G, Liang T. Intermolecular C-H Aminocyanation of Indoles via Copper-iodine Cocatalyzed Tandem C-N/C-C Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12424-12433. [PMID: 36046980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-iodine cocatalyzed intermolecular C-H aminocyanation of indoles with a broad substrate scope has been developed for the first time. This method enables highly step-economic access to 2-amino-3-cyanoindoles in moderate to good yields and provides a complementary strategy for the regioselective difunctionalization of carbon═carbon double bonds of interest in organic synthesis and related areas. Mechanistic studies suggest that these transformations are initiated by iodine-mediated C2-H amination with azoles, followed by copper-catalyzed C3-H cyanation with ethyl cyanoformate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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6
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Copper‐mediated intermolecular C−H aminohalogenation of indoles at room temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Zhao Y, Li S, Fan Y, Wang H, Kang X, Ji Z, Tian L. Synthesis of Polycyclic 3,3′-Biindoles via AgOTf-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition and Cycloisomerization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6418-6425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuhang Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhongyin Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Laijin Tian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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8
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Yi ZJ, Sun JT, Yang TY, Yu XY, Han XL, Wei BG. Cu(OTf) 2-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with N, O-acetals. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2261-2270. [PMID: 35229848 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to access functionalized indole derivatives has been developed through Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel-Crafts alkylation of substituted indoles 5a-5m, N-methyl-pyrrole with linear N,O-acetals 4a-4l. As a result, a series of C3 amide aza-alkylated indole derivatives 6a-6ag and 7 were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Ting Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xian-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Li Han
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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9
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yu K, Zhang X, Yu W, Tang J, Tian Y, Wei W, Zhang Z, Liang T. Iron–iodine co-catalysis towards tandem C–N/C–C bond formation: one-pot regioselective synthesis of 2-amino-3-alkylindoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intermolecular C2,3-H aminoalkylation of indoles with 9H-xanthenes and azoles via iron–iodine co-catalyzed tandem C–N/C–C bond formation has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang X, Yu W, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Gu X, Wei W, Zhang Z, Liang T. Copper-iodine Co-catalyzed C−H Aminoalkenylation of Indoles via Temperature-controlled Selectivity Switch: Facile Synthesis of 2-Azolyl-3-alkenylindoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient copper-iodine co-catalyzed 2,3-difunctionalization of indoles with azoles and phenols via temperature-controlled selectivity switch has been developed for the green synthesis of 2-azolyl-3-alkenylindoles. The strategy involves the simultaneous establishment...
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11
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Lu Y, Chen T, Xiao X, Huang N, Dou Y, Wei W, Zhang Z, Lo TWB, Liang T. Copper dual-atom catalyst mediated C3–H amination of indoles at room temperature. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient zeolite supported copper dual-atom catalyst for C–H amination of indoles has been developed for the green synthesis of 3-diarylaminoindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Dou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz Woon Benedict Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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