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Hahn C, Göttker-Schnetmann I, Tzourtzouklis I, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Mecking S, Frey H. Nopadiene: A Pinene-Derived Cyclic Diene as a Styrene Substitute for Fully Biobased Thermoplastic Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38048399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The bicyclic 1,2-substituted, 1,3-diene monomer nopadiene (1R,5S)-2-ethenyl-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene was successfully polymerized by anionic and catalytic polymerization. Nopadiene is produced either through a facile one-step synthesis from myrtenal via Wittig-olefination or via a scalable two-step reaction from nopol (10-hydroxymethylene-2-pinene). Both terpenoids originate from the renewable β-pinene. The living anionic polymerization of nopadiene in apolar and polar solvents at 25 °C using organolithium initiators resulted in homopolymers with well-controlled molar masses in the range of 5.6-103.4 kg·mol-1 (SEC, PS calibration) and low dispersities (Đ) between 1.06 and 1.18. By means of catalytic polymerization with Me4CpSi(Me)2NtBuTiCl2 and (Flu)(Pyr)CH2Lu(CH2TMS)2(THF), the 1,4 and 3,4- microstructures of nopadiene are accessible in excellent selectivity. In pronounced contrast to other 1,3-dienes, the rigid polymers of the sterically demanding nopadiene showed an elevated glass temperature, Tg,∞ = 160 °C (in the limit of very high molar mass, Mn). ABA triblock copolymers with a central polymyrcene block and myrcene content of 60-75 mol %, with molar masses of 100-200 kg/mol were prepared by living anionic polymerization of the pinene-derivable monomers nopadiene and myrcene. This diene copolymerization resulted in thermoplastic elastomers displaying nanophase separation at different molar ratios (DSC, SAXS) and an upper service temperature about 30 K higher than that for traditional petroleum-derived styrenic thermoplastic elastomers due to the high glass temperature of polynopadiene. The materials showed good thermal stability at elevated temperatures under nitrogen (TGA), promising tensile strength and ultimate elongation of up to 1600%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck Graduate Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Inigo Göttker-Schnetmann
- Chair Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H E Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Gavrilov AA, Potemkin II. Copolymers with Nonblocky Sequences as Novel Materials with Finely Tuned Properties. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1479-1489. [PMID: 36790352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The copolymer sequence can be considered as a new tool to shape the resulting system properties on demand. This perspective is devoted to copolymers with "partially segregated" (or nonblocky) sequences. Such copolymers include gradient copolymers and copolymers with random sequences as well as copolymers with precisely controlled sequences. We overview recent developments in the synthesis of these systems as well as new findings regarding their properties, in particular, self-assembly in solutions and in melts. An emphasis is put on how the microscopic behavior of polymer chains is influenced by the chain sequences. In addition to that, a novel class of approaches allowing one to efficiently tackle the problem of copolymer chain sequence design─data driven methods (artificial intelligence and machine learning)─is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Hartmann F, Niebuur BJ, Koch M, Kraus T, Gallei M. Synthesis and Microphase Separation of Dendrimer-like Block Copolymers by Anionic Polymerization Strategies. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Wadgaonkar SP, Wagner M, Baptista LA, Cortes-Huerto R, Frey H, Müller AHE. Anionic Polymerization of the Terpene-Based Diene β-Ocimene: Complex Mechanism Due to Stereoisomer Reactivities. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani P. Wadgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Andre Baptista
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128Mainz, Germany
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhang J, Aydogan C, Patias G, Smith T, Al-Shok L, Liu H, Eissa AM, Haddleton DM. Polymerization of Myrcene in Both Conventional and Renewable Solvents: Postpolymerization Modification via Regioselective Photoinduced Thiol-Ene Chemistry for Use as Carbon Renewable Dispersants. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:9654-9664. [PMID: 35935282 PMCID: PMC9344384 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric dispersants are useful materials used in many different industries and often derived from oil-based chemicals, for example, in automotive fluids so as to prevent particulates from precipitation and causing potential damage. These are very often polyisobutene derivatives, and there is a growing need to replace these using chemicals using renewable resources such as the use of naturally occurring myrcene. Polymyrcene (PMy), with an ordered microstructure, has been successfully synthesized via both anionic and radical polymerization in different solvents and subsequently subjected to functionalization via photoinduced thiol-ene click reactions with a number of thiols, methyl thioglycolate, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 3-mercapto-1-hexanol, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 1-thioglycerol, using 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a photoinitiator under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm) at ambient temperature. The polarity of the solvent has an important impact on the microstructure of the produced polymyrcene and, in particular, 1,2-unit (∼4%), 3,4-unit (∼41%), and 1,4-unit (∼51%) PMy were obtained via anionic polymerization in a polar solvent (THF) at ambient temperature, while 3,4-unit (∼6%) and 1,4-unit (∼94%, including cis and trans) PMy were obtained with cyclohexane as the solvent. Subsequently, photochemical thiol-ene reactions were carried out on the resulting PMy with different isomers exhibiting different reactivities of the double bonds. This strategy allows for the introduction of functional/polar groups (-COOH, -OH) into hydrophobic PMy in a controlled process. Hydrogenation of PMy and derivatized PMy was carried out to investigate any effects on the stabilities of the products which are desirable for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Cansu Aydogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Georgios Patias
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol,
Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Al-Shok
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Huizhe Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M. Eissa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United
Kingdom
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Bai H, Wang Y, Han L, Wang X, Yan H, Li X, Chen S, Leng H, Yao Z, Ma H. Selective Frustrated/Nonfrustrated Anion-Migrated Ring-Opening Polymerization of 1-Cyclopropylvinylbenzene. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Bai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yinran Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haitao Leng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zijing Yao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Wadgaonkar SP, Schüttner S, Berger-Nicoletti E, Müller AHE, Frey H. Anionic Copolymerization of 4-Trimethylsilylstyrene: From Kinetics to Gradient and Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani P. Wadgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Schüttner
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Berger-Nicoletti
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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Hahn C, Wagner M, Müller AHE, Frey H. MyrDOL, a Protected Dihydroxyfunctional Diene Monomer Derived from β-Myrcene: Functional Polydienes from Renewable Resources via Anionic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Steube M, Johann T, Barent RD, Müller AH, Frey H. Rational design of tapered multiblock copolymers for thermoplastic elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Wang C, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Ma H, Zhang M, Liu G, He J, Ni P. Investigation of eight-arm tapered star copolymers prepared by anionic copolymerization and coupling reaction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of eight-arm tapered star copolymers 8[P(I-co-S)x]-POSS were synthesized by the coupling reaction between octavinyl POSS and the tapered living copolymer chains obtained from statistical anionic copolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - GengXin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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