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Jiang Z, Cheng H, Qian X, Tu J, Fan C, Pan Y, Lin Z, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang J. The role and mechanism of engineered nanovesicles derived from hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of UVB-induced skin photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38769897 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in the treatment of skin photoaging; however, their low yield and functional decline with passage progression limit their clinical application. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CNVs) are potential alternatives that can address the limitations of EVs derived from MSCs and are conducive to clinical transformations. Hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSCs), a type of MSCs, have demonstrated the function of repairing skin tissues; nevertheless, the efficacy of CNVs from HFMSCs (HFMSC-CNVs) in the treatment of skin photoaging remains unclear. Therefore, ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced photoaging nude mice and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were used as experimental models to investigate the therapeutic effects of HFMSC-CNVs in photoaging models. METHODS HFMSC-CNVs were successfully prepared using the mechanical extrusion method. UVB-induced nude mice and HDFs were used as experimental models of photoaging. Multiple approaches, including hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), flow cytometry, western blotting, and other experimental methods, were combined to investigate the possible effects and mechanisms of HFMSC-CNVs in the treatment of skin photoaging. RESULTS In the nude mouse model of skin photoaging, treatment with HFMSC-CNVs reduced UVB-induced skin wrinkles (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous capillary dilation, alleviated epidermis thickening (p < 0.001), and dermal thinning (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HFMSC-CNVs upregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of ROS, β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and CD86 (p < 0.01). In vitro experiments, treatment with HFMSC-CNVs enhanced the cellular activity of UVB-exposed HDFs (p < 0.05), and reduced ROS levels and the percentage of senescent cells (p < 0.001), and alleviated cell cycle arrest (p < 0.001). HFMSC-CNVs upregulated the expression of Collagen I (Col I), SMAD2/3, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) (p < 0.05) and downregulated the expression of cycle suppressor protein (p53), cell cycle suppressor protein (p21), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Conclusively, the anti-photoaging properties of HFMSC-CNVs were confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. HFMSC-CNVs exert anti-photoaging effects by alleviating cell cycle arrest, decreasing cellular senescence and macrophage infiltration, promoting cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and reducing oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhounan Jiang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Cheng
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xifei Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School Of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School Of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongxiang Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School Of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirui Pan
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufang Zhang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Jang H, Nussinov R. Slower CDK4 and faster CDK2 activation in the cell cycle. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38703777 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) impacts cell proliferation, driving cancer. Here, we ask why the cyclin-D/CDK4 complex governs cell cycle progression through the longer G1 phase, whereas cyclin-E/CDK2 regulates the shorter G1/S phase transition. We consider available experimental cellular and structural data including cyclin-E's high-level burst, sustained duration of elevated cyclin-D expression, and explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of the inactive monomeric and complexed states, to establish the conformational tendencies along the landscape of the distinct activation scenarios of cyclin-D/CDK4 and cyclin-E/CDK2 in the G1 phase and G1/S transition of the cell cycle, respectively. These lead us to propose slower activation of cyclin-D/CDK4 and rapid activation of cyclin-E/CDK2. We provide the mechanisms through which this occurs, offering innovative CDK4 drug design considerations. Our insightful mechanistic work addresses a compelling cell cycle regulation question and illuminates the distinct activation speeds between the G1 and the G1/S phases, which are crucial for function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zhang
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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3
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Yousuf M, Khan S, Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Shamsi A, Haque QMR, Islam A, Hassan MI. Exploring therapeutic potential of Rutin by investigating its cyclin-dependent kinase 6 inhibitory activity and binding affinity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130624. [PMID: 38453105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) participates in numerous signalling pathways and regulates various physiological processes. Due to its unique structural features and promising therapeutic potential, CDK6 has emerged as a drug target for designing and developing small-molecule inhibitors for anti-cancer therapeutics and other CDK6-associated diseases. The current study evaluates binding affinity and the inhibitory potential of rutin for CDK6 to develop a proof of concept for rutin as a potent CDK6 inhibitor. Molecular docking and 200 ns all-atom simulations reveal that rutin binds to the active site pocket of CDK6, forming interactions with key residues of the binding pocket. In addition, the CDK6-rutin complex remains stable throughout the simulation trajectory. A high binding constant (Ka = 7.6 × 105M-1) indicates that rutin has a strong affinity for CDK6. Isothermal titration calorimetry has further validated a strong binding of rutin with CDK6 and its spontaneous nature. The kinase activity of CDK6 is significantly inhibited by rutin with an IC50 value of 3.10 μM. Our findings highlight the significant role of rutin in developing potential therapeutic molecules to manage cancer and CDK6-associated diseases via therapeutic targeting of CDK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yousuf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shama Khan
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Science, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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4
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Chitluri KK, Emerson IA. The importance of protein domain mutations in cancer therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27655. [PMID: 38509890 PMCID: PMC10950675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that is caused by multiple genetic factors. Researchers have been studying protein domain mutations to understand how they affect the progression and treatment of cancer. These mutations can significantly impact the development and spread of cancer by changing the protein structure, function, and signalling pathways. As a result, there is a growing interest in how these mutations can be used as prognostic indicators for cancer prognosis. Recent studies have shown that protein domain mutations can provide valuable information about the severity of the disease and the patient's response to treatment. They may also be used to predict the response and resistance to targeted therapy in cancer treatment. The clinical implications of protein domain mutations in cancer are significant, and they are regarded as essential biomarkers in oncology. However, additional techniques and approaches are required to characterize changes in protein domains and predict their functional effects. Machine learning and other computational tools offer promising solutions to this challenge, enabling the prediction of the impact of mutations on protein structure and function. Such predictions can aid in the clinical interpretation of genetic information. Furthermore, the development of genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 has made it possible to validate the functional significance of mutants more efficiently and accurately. In conclusion, protein domain mutations hold great promise as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in cancer. Overall, considerable research is still needed to better define genetic and molecular heterogeneity and to resolve the challenges that remain, so that their full potential can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Chitluri
- Bioinformatics Programming Lab, Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
| | - Isaac Arnold Emerson
- Bioinformatics Programming Lab, Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, 632014, India
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Seghers S, Le Compte M, Hendriks JMH, Van Schil P, Janssens A, Wener R, Komen N, Prenen H, Deben C. A systematic review of patient-derived tumor organoids generation from malignant effusions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 195:104285. [PMID: 38311013 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review assesses the possibility of utilizing malignant effusions (MEs) for generating patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs). Obtained through minimally invasive procedures MEs broaden the spectrum of organoid sources beyond resection specimens and tissue biopsies. A systematic search yielded 11 articles, detailing the successful generation of 190 ME-PDTOs (122 pleural effusions, 54 malignant ascites). Success rates ranged from 33% to 100%, with an average of 84% and median of 92%. A broad and easily applicable array of techniques can be employed, encompassing diverse collection methods, variable centrifugation speeds, and the inclusion of approaches like RBC lysis buffer or centrifuged ME supernatants supplementation, enhancing the versatility and accessibility of the methodology. ME-PDTOs were found to recapitulate primary tumor characteristics and were primarily used for drug screening applications. Thus, MEs are a reliable source for developing PDTOs, emphasizing the need for further research to maximize their potential, validate usage, and refine culturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Seghers
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Maxim Le Compte
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jeroen M H Hendriks
- Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Antwerp ReSURG Group, Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Antwerp ReSURG Group, Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Reinier Wener
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Niels Komen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Antwerp ReSURG Group, Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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6
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Jhaveri K, Marmé F. Current and emerging treatment approaches for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 123:102670. [PMID: 38211404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, significant progress was made in treating hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC), but many clinical questions remain. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors are now widely used in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) as standard of care, having demonstrated significant progression-free survival versus ET, and also significant overall survival benefits in the metastatic setting. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR intracellular signaling pathway coupled with ET typically follows first-line therapies. Novel endocrine options including oral selective estrogen receptor down-regulators (SERDs) are in late phases of development, with elacestrant being the first oral SERD to be approved for ESR1-mutant mBC. However, endocrine-refractory disease is inevitable in most patients and represents an area of unmet need, with current recommended options offering poor efficacy, undesirable toxicity, and reduced quality of life. Breakthrough advances in the metastatic setting came via the development of antibody-drug conjugates, which have the advantage of delivering cytotoxic payloads to tumor cells with higher tumor selectivity. Trastuzumab deruxtecan offers a novel therapeutic option for patients with HR+/HER2-low mBC and sacituzumab govitecan is a novel therapeutic option for patients with HR+/HER2- mBC, including those with unmet treatment need in the later-line endocrine-refractory setting. Data gaps still exist regarding optimal sequencing of these novel agents; additional studies into mechanisms of resistance in the metastatic setting would provide further insights. Herein, we describe the current treatment options for HR+/HER2- mBC, including the latest practice-impacting data, and provide commentary on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jhaveri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Gynecological Oncology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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7
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Zheng M, Zhang XY, Chen W, Xia F, Yang H, Yuan K, Yang P. Molecules inducing specific cyclin-dependent kinase degradation and their possible use in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:369-388. [PMID: 38288571 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, and many CDK inhibitors were developed. However, pan-CDK inhibitors failed to be approved due to intolerant toxicity or low efficacy and the use of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors is limited by resistance. Protein degraders have the potential to increase selectivity, efficacy and overcome resistance, which provides a novel strategy for regulating CDKs. In this review, we summarized the function of CDKs in regulating the cell cycle and transcription, and introduced the representative CDK inhibitors. Then we made a detailed introduction about four types of CDKs degraders, including their action mechanisms, research status and application prospects, which could help the development of novel CDKs degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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8
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Azoz S, Peters M, Jones G. Are We Prepared for the CDK4/6 Revolution With HR+/HER2- Breast Cancers?: The Importance of Patient Adherence to Adjuvant Therapies. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2023; 17:11782234231215192. [PMID: 38034323 PMCID: PMC10685741 DOI: 10.1177/11782234231215192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyla Azoz
- Customer Experience and Engagement, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Peters
- Customer Experience and Engagement, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham Jones
- Customer Experience and Engagement, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Tang H, Yeo D, De Souza K, Ahmad O, Shafiq T, Ofor O, Anand A, Karim S, Khan S, Madhusudan S. Clinical Impact of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in De Novo or PR- or Very Elderly Post-Menopausal ER+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5164. [PMID: 37958338 PMCID: PMC10647609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly increase progression-free survival (PFS) in ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer patients. In clinical trials, overall survival (OS) improvement has been demonstrated for ribociclib and abemaciclib but not for palbociclib. We undertook a real-world evaluation of PFS and OS in 227 post-menopausal patients who received first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors. There is no significant difference in median PFS (27.5 months vs. 25.7 months, p = 0.3) or median OS (49.5 months vs. 50.2 months, p = 0.67) in patients who received either palbociclib or ribociclib, respectively. De novo disease is significantly associated with prolonged median PFS and median OS compared with recurrence disease (47.1 months vs. 20.3 months (p = 0.0002) and 77.4 months vs. 37.3 months (p = 0.0003), respectively). PR- tumours have significantly reduced median PFS and OS compared with PR+ disease (19.2 months vs. 38 months (p = 0.003) and 34.3 months vs. 62.6 months (p = 0.02), respectively). In the very elderly (>80 years), median PFS and OS are significantly shorter compared with patients who are 65 years or below (14.5 months vs. 30.2 months (p = 0.01), and 77.4 months vs. 29.6 months (p = 0.009), respectively) in the palbociclib group. Our data suggest that the benefit in the very elderly is limited, and PR+/de novo disease obtains the maximum survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Daniel Yeo
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Karen De Souza
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Omar Ahmad
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Tahir Shafiq
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Okezie Ofor
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Anjana Anand
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Syed Karim
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Sarah Khan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK (S.K.)
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
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10
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Zeng M, Grandner JM, Bryan MC, Verma V, Larouche-Gauthier R, Leclerc JP, Zhao L, Haghshenas P, Aubert-Nicol S, Yadav A, Ashley M, Chen JZ, Durk M, Samy KE, Nespi M, Levy E, Merrick K, Moffat JG, Murray J, Oh A, Orr C, Segal E, Sims J, Sneeringer C, Prangley M, Vartanian S, Magnuson S, Parr BT. Discovery of Selective Tertiary Amide Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2). ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1179-1187. [PMID: 37736184 PMCID: PMC10510669 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of the cell cycle and are frequently altered in cancer cells, thereby leading to uncontrolled proliferation. In this context, CDK2 has emerged as an appealing target for anticancer drug development. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK2 beginning with historical compounds from our ERK2 program (e.g., compound 6). Structure-based drug design led to the potent and selective tool compound 32, where excellent selectivity against ERK2 and CDK4 was achieved by filling the lipophilic DFG-1 pocket and targeting interactions with CDK2-specific lower hinge binding residues, respectively. Compound 32 demonstrated 112% tumor growth inhibition in mice bearing OVCAR3 tumors with 50 mg/kg bis in die (BID) oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Zeng
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Marian C. Bryan
- Janssen
R&D, 1400 McKean
Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
| | - Vishal Verma
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | - Liang Zhao
- Paraza
Pharma Inc., Montreal, QC H4S 2E1, Canada
| | | | | | - Arun Yadav
- Paraza
Pharma Inc., Montreal, QC H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Melissa Ashley
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob Z. Chen
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Durk
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karen E. Samy
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marika Nespi
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elizabeth Levy
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karl Merrick
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John G. Moffat
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angela Oh
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Orr
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ehud Segal
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jessica Sims
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | - Steffan Vartanian
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brendan T. Parr
- Genentech
Inc., South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Jang H, Nussinov R. Cell cycle progression mechanisms: slower cyclin-D/CDK4 activation and faster cyclin-E/CDK2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553605. [PMID: 37790340 PMCID: PMC10542123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) impacts cell proliferation, driving cancer. Here, we ask why the cyclin-D/CDK4 complex governs cell cycle progression through the longer G1 phase, whereas cyclin-E/CDK2 regulates the short G1/S phase transition. We consider the experimentally established high-level bursting of cyclin-E, and sustained duration of elevated cyclin-D expression in the cell, available experimental cellular and structural data, and comprehensive explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations to provide the mechanistic foundation of the distinct activation scenarios of cyclin-D/CDK4 and cyclin-E/CDK2 in the G1 phase and G1/S transition of the cell cycle, respectively. These lead us to propose slower activation of cyclin-D/CDK4 and rapid activation of cyclin-E/CDK2. Importantly, we determine the mechanisms through which this occurs, offering innovative CDK4 drug design considerations. Our insightful mechanistic work addresses the compelling cell cycle regulation question and illuminates the distinct activation speeds in the G1 versus G1/S phases, which are crucial for cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zhang
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, U.S.A
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Kumar A, Bhagat KK, Singh AK, Singh H, Angre T, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Medicinal chemistry perspective of pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6872-6908. [PMID: 36865574 PMCID: PMC9972360 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of deaths across the globe due to chemoresistance and lack of selective chemotherapy. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine is an emerging scaffold in medicinal chemistry having a broad spectrum of activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, CNS depressive, anticonvulsant, and antipyretic activities. In this study, we have covered different cancer targets, including tyrosine kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases - ABL kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, BCR-ABL, dihydrofolate reductase, cyclin-dependent kinase, phosphodiesterase, KRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptors, their signaling pathways, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of the above-mentioned targets. This review will represent the complete medicinal and pharmacological profile of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents, and will help scientists to design new selective, effective and safe anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Kuber Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unayzah 51911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 4700 Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Core Labs Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
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Arsenijevic T, Coulonval K, Raspé E, Demols A, Roger PP, Van Laethem JL. CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Pancreatobiliary Cancers: Opportunities and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:968. [PMID: 36765923 PMCID: PMC9913743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing treatment strategies for pancreatobiliary malignancies are limited. Nowadays, surgery is the only path to cure these types of cancer, but only a small number of patients present with resectable tumors at the time of diagnosis. The notoriously poor prognosis, lack of diverse treatment options associated with pancreaticobiliary cancers, and their resistance to current therapies reflect the urge for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy in a number of cancers since their approval for treatment in patients with ER+/HER- breast cancer in combination with antiestrogens. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of CDK4/6 inhibitors in pancreatobiliary cancers, notably cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, HUB Bordet Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Coulonval
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm), ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm), ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Demols
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, HUB Bordet Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P. Roger
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm), ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, HUB Bordet Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Patra D, Bhavya K, Ramprasad P, Kalia M, Pal D. Anti-cancer drug molecules targeting cancer cell cycle and proliferation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:343-395. [PMID: 37061337 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, a vicious clinical burden that potentiates maximum fatality for humankind, arises due to unregulated excessive cell division and proliferation through an eccentric expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. A set of evolutionarily conserved machinery controls the cell cycle in an extremely precise manner so that a cell that went through the cycle can produce a genetically identical copy. To achieve perfection, several checkpoints were placed in the cycle for surveillance; so, errors during the division were rectified by the repair strategies. However, irreparable damage leads to exit from the cell cycle and induces programmed cell death. In comparison to a normal cell, cancer cells facilitate the constitutive activation of many dormant proteins and impede negative regulators of the checkpoint. Extensive studies in the last few decades on cell division and proliferation of cancer cells elucidate the molecular mechanism of the cell-cycle regulators that are often targeted for the development of anti-cancer therapy. Each phase of the cell cycle has been regulated by a unique set of proteins including master regulators Cyclins, and CDKs, along with the accessory proteins such as CKI, Cdc25, error-responsive proteins, and various kinase proteins mainly WEE1 kinases, Polo-like kinases, and Aurora kinases that control cell division. Here in this chapter, we have analytically discussed the role of cell cycle regulators and proliferation factors in cancer progression and the rationale of using various cell cycle-targeting drug molecules as anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarun Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Bhavya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Palla Ramprasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Moyna Kalia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
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Pang K, Wang W, Qin J, Shi Z, Hao L, Ma Y, Xu H, Wu Z, Pan D, Chen Z, Han C. Role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling, disease, and the intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e175. [DOI: 10.1002/mco2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical College Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jia‐Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhen‐Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yu‐Yang Ma
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Zhuo‐Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, Queens New York New York USA
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, Queens New York New York USA
| | - Cong‐Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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16
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He H, Liu Q, Chen L, Wang J, Yuan Y, Li H, Qian X, Zhao Z, Chen Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128991. [PMID: 36130661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle and transcription. Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we described the design and synthesis of a series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as dual CDK4/6 inhibitors. Among them, the most promising compound L2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against CDK4 and CDK6 with IC50 values of 16.7 nM and 30.5 nM respectively and showed excellent selectivity to CDK1/2/7/9. Moreover, compound L2 displayed potent antiproliferative activities at low digital micromolar range via inducing apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells. In all, we developed a new series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives which exhibited promising antitumor activities as selective CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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17
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Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Involvement in Cancer Resistance: An Up-to-Date Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182913. [PMID: 36139487 PMCID: PMC9496799 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer. Thanks to advancements in molecular biology, it has been found that the fraction of EVs called exosomes or small EVs (sEVs) modulates the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents by delivering molecularly active non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). An in-depth analysis shows that two main molecular mechanisms are involved in exosomal modified chemoresistance: (1) translational repression of anti-oncogenes by exosomal microRNAs (miRs) and (2) lack of translational repression of oncogenes by sponging of miRs through long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). At the cellular level, these processes increase the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and improve their ability to metastasize and resist apoptosis. In addition, studies in animal models have shown enhancing tumor size under the influence of exosomal ncRNAs. Ultimately, exosomal ncRNAs are responsible for clinically significant chemotherapy failures in patients with different types of cancer. Preliminary data have also revealed that exosomal ncRNAs can overcome chemotherapeutic agent resistance, but the results are thoroughly fragmented. This review presents how exosomes modulate the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding how exosomes interfere with chemoresistance may become a milestone in developing new therapeutic options, but more data are still required.
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18
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Zou X, Zou D, Li L, Yu R, Li X, Du X, Guo J, Wang K, Liu W. Multi-omics analysis of an in vitro photoaging model and protective effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:435. [PMID: 36056394 PMCID: PMC9438153 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin ageing caused by long-term ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a complex biological process that involves multiple signalling pathways. Stem cell-conditioned media is believed to have anti-ageing effects on the skin. The purpose of this study was to explore the biological effects of UVB irradiation and anti-photoaging effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hUC-MSC-CM) on HaCaT cells using multi-omics analysis with a novel cellular photoaging model.
Methods A cellular model of photoaging was constructed by irradiating serum-starved HaCaT cells with 20 mJ/cm2 UVB. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses were used to explore the biological effects of UVB irradiation on photoaged HaCaT cells. Changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, the cell cycle, and expression of senescence genes and proteins were measured to assess the protective effects of hUC-MSC-CM in the cellular photoaging model. Results The results of the multi-omics analysis revealed that UVB irradiation affected various biological functions of cells, including cell proliferation and the cell cycle, and induced a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. hUC-MSC-CM treatment reduced cell apoptosis, inhibited G1 phase arrest in the cell cycle, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, and promoted cell motility. The qRT-PCR results indicated that MYC, IL-8, FGF-1, and EREG were key genes involved in the anti-photoaging effects of hUC-MSC-CM. The western blotting results demonstrated that C-FOS, C-JUN, TGFβ, p53, FGF-1, and cyclin A2 were key proteins involved in the anti-photoaging effects of hUC-MSC-CM. Conclusion Serum-starved HaCaT cells irradiated with 20 mJ/cm2 UVB were used to generate an innovative cellular photoaging model, and hUC-MSC-CM demonstrates potential as an anti-photoaging treatment for skin. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03137-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocang Zou
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dayang Zou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Renfeng Yu
- The People's Liberation Army 965 Hospital, JiLin, 132000, China
| | - XianHuang Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xingyue Du
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - JinPeng Guo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - KeHui Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Qi J, Ouyang Z. Targeting CDK4/6 for Anticancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030685. [PMID: 35327487 PMCID: PMC8945444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) are key regulators of the cell cycle and are deemed as critical therapeutic targets of multiple cancers. Various approaches have been applied to silence CDK4/6 at different levels, i.e., CRISPR to knock out at the DNA level, siRNA to inhibit translation, and drugs that target the protein of interest. Here we summarize the current status in this field, highlighting the mechanisms of small molecular inhibitors treatment and drug resistance. We describe approaches to combat drug resistance, including combination therapy and PROTACs drugs that degrade the kinases. Finally, critical issues and perspectives in the field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Qi
- The Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Zhuqing Ouyang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
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