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Li WX, Lu YF, Wang F, Ai B, Jin SB, Li S, Xu GH, Jin CH. Application of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in the structural modification of natural products: a review. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10864-2. [PMID: 38683490 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is an oleane-type pentacyclic triterpene saponin obtained from glycyrrhizic acid by removing 2 glucuronic acid groups. GA and its analogues are active substances of glycyrrhiza aicd, with similar structure and important pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-tumor and anti-fibrosis. Although GA combined compounds are in the clinical trial stages, its application potential is severely restricted by its low bioavailability, water solubility and membrane permeability. In this article, synthetic methods and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of GA derivatives from 2018 to present are reviewed based on pharmacological activity. It is hoped that this review can provide reference for the future development of potential GA preclinical candidate compounds, and furnish ideas for the development of pentacyclic triterpenoid lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Ye-Fang Lu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Bing Ai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Sheng-Bo Jin
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Guang-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Cheng-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Function Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Dong L, Chen M, Huang Z, Tan Y, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X. A new labdane diterpenoid from Scoparia dulcis improving pancreatic function against islets cell apoptotic by Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117571. [PMID: 38103847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scoparia dulcis has been identified as a significant ethnopharmacological substance in the Li, Zhuang, and Dai ethnic groups of China. Traditional medicine use S. dulcis to treat numerous illnesses, most notably diabetes. The considerable antidiabetic properties of this herbal remedy have been established by several clinical investigations and animal experiments. The islet is the intended target of S. dulcis, although the cause of its activity and mechanism for diabetes treatment is unclear. The diterpenoids from S. dulcis have been shown in the literature to have significant hypoglycemic efficacy and to protect islet cells in vitro. Diterpenoids may be the components of this herbal remedy that preserve islets, but further research is needed. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was projected to investigate the new diterpenoid scoparicol E from S. dulcis and examined its islet-protective effect and the potential mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The structure of the novel diterpenoid scoparicol E was clarified by employing a wide range of spectroscopic methods. Using CCK-8 tests, cytotoxicity and antiapoptotic activity of scoparicol E were detected. Serum biochemical analysis and pathologic examination were performed to study the protective effect of scoparicol E against islet damage. The specific mechanism of action of scoparicol E was investigated through the mitochondrial membrane potential, Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, and western blotting. RESULTS Scoparicol E reduced MLD-STZ-induced hyperglycemia in mice and increased insulin and islet apoptosis. Scoparicol E effectively suppressed the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway, according to the in vivo western blot investigation. Scoparicol E showed significant antiapoptotic action in vitro. We also showed that scoparicol E might prevent islet cells from dying by inhibiting the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway. The Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry results revealed that MIN6 cell apoptosis was considerably decreased following scoparicol E intervention, showing anti-islet cell apoptosis action. Furthermore, the Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis pathway depends on cytochrome c and the potential of the mitochondrial membrane. Scoparicol E prevented the release of cytochrome c, restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevented MIN6 cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the new diterpenoid scoparicol E could protect islet cells apoptosis by modulating the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zibao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shouwen Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China; Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Chen G, Wu M, Li H, Xu J, Liu H, Du W, Yang Q, Feng L, Jiang J. Scoparia dulcis L. Extract Relieved High Stocking Density-Induced Stress in Crucian Carp ( Carassius auratus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2522. [PMID: 37570329 PMCID: PMC10417784 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Scoparia dulcis extract (SDE) on stress induced by high stocking density and Cu and trichlorfon exposure in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The results showed that these stressors exerted detrimental effects in fish, such as inhibition of growth performance, reduced feed intake, and interruption of fish locomotion. Under high stocking density, dietary SDE supplementation increased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of amylase, catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) and decreased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in the intestine of crucian carp. A similar trend was presented in the hepatopancreas under Cu exposure. Dietary SDE supplementation enhanced the activities of CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in the muscle of crucian carp under trichlorfon exposure. The optimum dietary SDE supplementation levels were 4.07, 4.33, and 3.95 g kg-1 diet based on the recovery rate of weight gain (RWG), feed intake (FI), and inhibitory rate of rollover (IR) for crucian carp under high stocking density and Cu and trichlorfon exposure, respectively. Overall, dietary supplementation with SDE may be a useful nutritional strategy for relieving these stresses in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Huatao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Wenhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Kandasamy S, Whitehead GFS, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Gardiner JM. Synthesis and structure of d-glucuronolactone derived carboxamides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 524:108744. [PMID: 36706564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
5-O-Protected and 1,2-acetonide-protected D-glucurono-6,3-lactone furanosides were converted into novel furano-glucuronamides through treatment with ammonia. Several O3 protections and O5-deprotection routes afford new primary gluconamide derivatives. However, attempted O3-benzylations of O5-protected intermediates led instead to silyl migration (from O5-TDBMS), competitive N-benzylation or reclosure to the lactone are observed as competing processes. This is not seen the using 5-O-PMB protection which the provides the method of choice for obtaining a fully protection-differentiated glucofuranamide. X-ray crystal structures of a fully-protected glucurono-6,3-lactone lactone and a glucuronamide derivatives are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iñigo J Vitórica-Yrezábal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John M Gardiner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Dong L, Chen M, Huang Z, Cao M, Zhang Y, Sun W, Liu C, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang X. New aphidicolane diterpenoids with glucose consumption promoting and cell viability enhancing activities from Scoparia dulcis. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105438. [PMID: 36716797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two new aphidicolane diterpenoids, termed Scopadulinol A (1) and B (2), were obtained from whole plants of Scoparia dulcis. Their structures were elucidated by applying various spectroscopic techniques, including 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by applying the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). In addition, both compounds were tested for their effects on glucose consumption in HL-7702 cells and on palmitic acid (PA) induced viability in MIN6 cells at different concentrations. The results showed that they significantly promoted glucose consumption and attenuated the PA-induced decrease of cell viability. Additionally, 2 was tested to determine whether it could activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but it showed no such effect at the tested dosage. These results indicated that the new compounds might promote glucose consumption through other pathways but not by activating AMPK. Collectively, we highlighted the isolation of two new aphidicolane diterpenoids from S. dulcis and found that they could promote glucose consumption and attenuate PA-induced decrease of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zibao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Mingyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Wanying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chenpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shouwen Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China..
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Lin HD, Lee YC, Chiang CY, Lin YJ, Shih CY, Tsai RK, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Ho TJ, Huang CY. Protective effects of Scoparia dulcis L. extract on high glucose-induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1085248. [PMID: 37139437 PMCID: PMC10150881 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1085248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and the accumulation of inflammatory factors result in blood-retinal barrier dysfunction and the pathogenesis of DR. Scoparia dulcis L. extract (SDE), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been recently recognized for its various pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. However, there is no relevant research on the protective effect of SDE in DR. In this study, we treated high glucose (50 mM) in human retinal epithelial cells (ARPE-19) with different concentrations of SDE and analyzed cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of Akt, Nrf2, catalase, and HO-1, which showed that SDE dose-dependently reduced ROS production and attenuated ARPE-19 cell apoptosis in a high-glucose environment. Briefly, we demonstrated that SDE exhibited an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory ability in protecting retinal cells from high-glucose (HG) treatment. Moreover, we also investigated the involvement of the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in SDE-mediated protective effects. The results suggest SDE as a nutritional supplement that could benefit patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Dao Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chieh Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chiang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Yen Shih
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Taiwan Buddhist Tzu-Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tsung-Jung Ho, ; Chih-Yang Huang,
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tsung-Jung Ho, ; Chih-Yang Huang,
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Anti-Onchocercal Properties of Extracts of Scoparia dulcis and Cylicodiscus gabunensis. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:4279689. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4279689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The elimination of onchocerciasis is hampered by the absence of suitable drugs that are effective against adult filariae. This study is aimed at assessing the anti-onchocercal effects of extracts of Scoparia dulcis and Cylicodiscus gabunensis that could serve as drug leads against onchocerciasis. Methods. Different parts of the plants (Scoparia dulcis and Cylicodiscus gabunensis) were extracted with hexane, methylene chloride, and methanol. The extracts were tested in vitro against the bovine model parasite, Onchocerca ochengi. Adult female worm viability was determined biochemically by MTT/formazan colorimetry, while the adult male and microfilariae viability were determined by microscopy based on % inhibition of worm motility score. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity of active extracts were tested on monkey kidney epithelial cells (LLC-MK2) and Balb/C mice, respectively. Results. The hexane extract of Scoparia dulcis recorded the highest activity, with IC50s of 50.78 μg/ml on both adult male and female worms and 3.91 μg/ml on microfilariae. For Cylicodiscus gabunensis extract, the highest activity was seen with the methylene chloride extract, with IC50s of 50.78 μg/ml, 62.50 μg/ml, and 16.28 μg/ml on, respectively, adult male, female, and microfilariae. The 50% cytotoxic concentration on the LLC-MK2 cells was 31.25 μg/ml for the most active extracts. No acute toxicity was recorded for the extracts. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, saponins, phenols, and glycosides. Conclusion. This study validates the traditional use of these plants in treating onchocerciasis and suggests S. dulcis and C. gabunensis as new potential sources for the isolation of anti-onchocerca lead compounds.
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Sivasankarapillai VS, Krishnamoorthy N, Eldesoky GE, Wabaidur SM, Islam MA, Dhanusuraman R, Ponnusamy VK. One-pot green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Scoparia Dulcis plant extract for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022; 13:1-11. [PMID: 36120603 PMCID: PMC9469822 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured Zinc oxide (ZnO) materials have attained exciting research interests among various metal oxide nanoparticles due to their unique features. Thus, the scope of applications for ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is vast and efficient. The current study demonstrates a simple and environmental-friendly approach for the synthesis of ZnO NPs using the extract of the Scoparia Dulcis. Scoparia Dulcis is a common medicinal plant in Kerala (India) that is traditionally used for its medicinal properties. Morphological characterizations of the as-synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results revealed that ZnO NPs showed pebble-like morphology and possessed an average particle size of ~ 20 nm. Further, antibacterial and antifungal activities of as-prepared ZnO NPs were investigated against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger, respectively, using the agar-well diffusion method. The results revealed that the prepared ZnO NPs shows excellent antimicrobial activity against the examined microorganisms. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the as-synthesized ZnO NPs was evaluated using the DPPH assay, which indicated an excellent IC50 value of 1.78 μg/mL that shows high antioxidant activity. All these results proved that the S. dulcis plant extract-mediated synthesis method is a simple, low-cost, eco-friendly procedure for preparing efficient ZnO NPs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Sankar Sivasankarapillai
- Nano Electrochemistry Lab (NEL), Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
| | - Nishkala Krishnamoorthy
- Nano Electrochemistry Lab (NEL), Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
| | - Gaber E. Eldesoky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester City, UK
| | - Ragupathy Dhanusuraman
- Nano Electrochemistry Lab (NEL), Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807 Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807 Taiwan
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Kanaujiya VK, Tiwari V, Pattanaik K, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of Glycouronamides by the Transamidation Approach at Room Temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Varsha Tiwari
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Chemistry Varanasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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Murugan G, Rajkumar DS, Kaliyaperumal M, Ramdoss R, Natarajan S, Padmanaban R. Elucidating the inhibitory mechanism of yeast α-glucosidase by phytocompounds from Scoparia dulcis through in vitro and in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2574-2586. [PMID: 35109776 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2035820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antidiabetic activity of herb Scoparia dulcis Linn (SD) used in traditional medicine is well established, yet, the molecular mechanism is not understood. In this study, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of SD aqueous extract and its kinetics were investigated and in silico analysis was carried out. SD showed potent inhibition of α-glucosidase with low IC50value (30 μg/mL). Enzyme kinetics analysis revealed the inhibition to be a mixed type of inhibition. From literature screening, we found that six compounds of SD to exhibit potent anti-diabetic activity, namely apigenin, betulinic acid, hispidulin, luteolin, scopadulcic-acid-B and scutellarein. These compounds were subjected to molecular docking. Docking studies revealed scopadulcic acid B and betulunic acid to show optimum binding constant and low free energy. Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to further understand the interaction and stability between glucosidase and ligands of SD. Taken together, the study reveals that the potency of SD is due to synergistic effect of active phytochemicals in it and suggest that their properties can be utilized for anti-diabetic treatment strategies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Murugan
- Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ramya Ramdoss
- Department of Oral pathology, SRM University, Chennai, India.,Department of Oral pathology, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sasirekha Natarajan
- Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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