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Fukuda H, Tsurumaki E, Wakamatsu K, Toyota S. Unusually Short H⋅⋅⋅H Contacts in Intramolecularly Cyclized Helically Fused Anthracenes. Chemistry 2024:e202401627. [PMID: 38751350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular coupling of dichloro-substituted helically fused anthracenes using the Yamamoto coupling yielded cyclized products with sterically congested molecular structures. The X-ray analysis and DFT calculations showed that the aromatic framework adopted a nonplanar structure with a twisted conformation about the newly formed single bond, which acts as a chiral axis. Interestingly, the X-ray structure obtained through the Hirshfeld atom refinement revealed short interatomic distances between the inner hydrogen atoms (1.648-1.692 Å), much shorter than the sum of their van der Waals radii. Owing to these unusually short contacts, the 1H NMR spectrum exhibited a significant deshielding (12.5 ppm) and a large nuclear Overhauser effect (44 %). Additionally, the IR spectrum displayed a high-frequency shift of the C-H stretching vibration. These observations, along with the noncovalent interaction plot indicative of a characteristic steric environment, strongly support the presence of steric hindrance. Moreover, dynamic NMR measurement of the mesityl-substituted derivative yielded a barrier to helical inversion of 84 kJ mol-1. The optical properties and crystal packing of the cyclized products are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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de Jesús Espinosa-Champo A, Naumis GG. Flat bands without twists: periodic holey graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:275703. [PMID: 38565130 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad39be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Holey Graphene(HG) is a widely used graphene material for the synthesis of high-purity and highly crystalline materials. The electronic properties of a periodic distribution of lattice holes are explored here, demonstrating the emergence of flat bands. It is established that such flat bands arise as a consequence of an induced sublattice site imbalance, i.e. by having more sites in one of the graphene's bipartite sublattice than in the other. This is equivalent to the breaking of a path-exchange symmetry. By further breaking the inversion symmetry, gaps and a nonzero Berry curvature are induced, leading to topological bands. In particular, the folding of the Dirac cones from the hexagonal Brillouin zone (BZ) to the holey superlattice rectangular BZ of HG, with sizes proportional to an integerntimes the graphene's lattice parameter, leads to a periodicity in the gap formation such thatn≡0(mod 3). A low-energy hamiltonian for the three central bands is also obtained revealing that the system behaves as an effectiveα-T3graphene material. Therefore, a simple protocol is presented here that allows for obtaining flat bands at will. Such bands are known to increase electron-electron correlation effects. Therefore, the present work provides an alternative system that is much easier to build than twisted systems, allowing for the production of flat bands and potentially highly correlated quantum phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdiel de Jesús Espinosa-Champo
- Posgrado de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364 01000 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Depto. de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, 01000 CDMX, Mexico
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-542, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gerardo G Naumis
- Depto. de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 20-364, 01000 CDMX, Mexico
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Vigneshwaran S, Kim DG, Ko SO. Tuning of interfacial HGO@CLS nanohybrid S-scheme heterojunction with improved carrier separation and photocatalytic activity towards RhB degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139914. [PMID: 37633616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we premeditated and invented the innovative hybrid photocatalyst 2D/2D CuLa2S4 on holey graphene oxide (HGO) (HGO@CLS) via the hydrothermal method. Electrochemical techniques demonstrate the action of HGO in the HGO@CLS photocatalyst as an effective medium for electron transfer. Combining bimetallic sulfides on porous HGO synergistically provides a higher negative conduction band edge (-0.141 V), greater photo response (10.8 mA/cm2), smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct = 1.79Ω), and lower photoluminescence (PL) spectral intensity. According to our research, the catalytic recitals are sped up when HGO is assimilated into CLS photocatalyst hetero-junction. Additionally, it lowers the reassimilation rate due to the combined mesh nanostructures and functionality of CLS and HGO. UV-Vis DRS, Mott-Schottky, PL, and Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results manifested that the CuLa2S4/HGO makes the spatial separation competent and transference of charge carriers due to the photon irradiation and exhibits superior photocatalytic ability. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis confirmed that •OH and h+ were the predominant radical species responsible for Rhodamine B(RhB) degradation. Moreover, conceivable degradation ways of RhB were deduced according to the identified intermediates which are responsible for the degradation of recalcitrant products. To check the stability of the photocatalyst, revival tests were also carried out. Similarly, the oxidative byproducts created in the deprivation courses were looked at, and a thorough explanation for the mechanism of degradation was given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Vigneshwaran
- Environmental System Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deogyong-daero, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 16705, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Gun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jellanam-do, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Oh Ko
- Environmental System Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deogyong-daero, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 16705, Republic of Korea.
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Mohammedture M, Rajput N, Perez-Jimenez AI, Matouk Z, AlZadjali S, Gutierrez M. Impact of probe sonication and sulfuric acid pretreatment on graphene exfoliation in water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18523. [PMID: 37898662 PMCID: PMC10613256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material with promising commercial applications due to its physicochemical properties. Producing high-quality graphene economically and at large scales is currently of great interest and demand. Here, the potential of producing high-quality graphene at a large scale via water-phase exfoliation methods is investigated. By altering exfoliation parameters, the production yield of graphene and flake size are evaluated. Pretreatment of the precursor graphite powder using acidic solutions of H2SO4 at different concentrations is found to increase further the yield and structural quality of the exfoliated graphene flakes. These findings are confirmed through various spectroscopy and surface characterization techniques. Controlling flake size, thickness, and yield are demonstrated via optimization of the sonication process, centrifuge time, and H2SO4 pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Mohammedture
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Nitul Rajput
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ana Isabel Perez-Jimenez
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zineb Matouk
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Shroq AlZadjali
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Monserrat Gutierrez
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Dogari H, Peymanfar R, Ghafuri H. Microwave absorbing characteristics of porphyrin derivates: a loop of conjugated structure. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22205-22215. [PMID: 37492511 PMCID: PMC10363711 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03927g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave absorbing architectures have gained a great deal of attention due to their widespread application in diverse fields, especially in refining electromagnetic pollution. The aim of this study is to investigate the metamaterial characteristics of porphyrin derivatives as conjugated rings in the microwave region and evaluate the influence of electron-withdrawing and donating groups on microwave attenuating performance. Initially, an innovative microwave curing procedure was applied to synthesize the derivates; following that, the phenyl, aniline, and nitrophenyl-coupled structures were identified by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and DRS analyses. The optical features illustrated that the characteristic band gap of the conjugated loops is obtained and that the optical performance can be manipulated by coupling the functional groups. Eventually, the achieved results demonstrated that the best microwave absorbing performance is related to aniline-coupled porphyrin with a maximum reflection loss (RL) value of -104.93 dB at 10.09 GHz with 2.80 mm in thickness attaining an efficient bandwidth (EB) (RL ≤ 10 dB) higher than the X-band. Noticeably, polyethylene (PE) was applied as an absorbing matrix presenting a meaningful idea for the development of practical microwave absorbers as a new generation of electromagnetic refining and stealth materials. The presented research provides precious inspiration to tailor novel microwave absorbing materials with metamaterial capability to promote their microwave absorbing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Dogari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology 16846-13114 Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Peymanfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Institute of Higher Education Saveh Iran
- Iranian Society of Philosophers, Department of Science Tehran Iran
- Peykareh Enterprise Development CO. Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology 16846-13114 Tehran Iran
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Chen Q, Wang Z, Jin H, Zhao X, Feng H, Li P, He D. Compressed Graphene Assembled Film with Tunable Electrical Conductivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:526. [PMID: 36676263 PMCID: PMC9863763 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-based materials gifted with high electrical conductivity are potential alternatives in various related fields. However, the electrical conductivity of the macro-graphene materials is much lower than their metal counterparts. Herein, we improved the electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based graphene assembled films (GAFs) by applying a series of compressive stress and systematically investigated the relationship between the compressive stress and the electrical conductivity. The result indicates that with increasing applied compressive stress, the sheet resistance increased as well, while the thickness decreased. Under the combined effect of these two competing factors, the number of charge carriers per unit volume increased dramatically, and the conductivity of compressed GAFs (c-GAFs) showed an initial increasing trend as we applied higher pressure and reached a maximum of 5.37 × 105 S/m at the optimal stress of 450 MPa with a subsequent decrease with stress at 550 MPa. Furthermore, the c-GAFs were fabricated into strain sensors and showed better stability and sensitivity compared with GAF-based sensors. This work revealed the mechanism of the tunable conductivity and presented a facile and universal method for improving the electrical conductivity of macro-graphene materials in a controllable manner and proved the potential applications of such materials in flexible electronics like antennas, sensors, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huihui Jin
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daping He
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Pishgahinejad S, Aghamohammadi H, Hassanzadeh N. Copper-coated graphite electrodes for the facile preparation of copper oxide particles anchored on functionalized holey graphene sheets. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hendaoui A, Alshammari A. Preparation of Nitrogen-doped Holey Multilayer Graphene Using High-Energy Ball Milling of Graphite in Presence of Melamine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:219. [PMID: 36614557 PMCID: PMC9822149 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Holey graphene, consisting of graphene sheets with in-plane nanopores, has recently attracted more attention as it expands graphene applications to other fields inaccessible by the pristine graphene. To ensure an effective implementation of holey graphene in the market, it is crucial to explore new preparation methods that are simple, cost effective, eco-friendly, versatile, and scalable. While ball milling of graphite in presence of exfoliating agents was found very effective in the preparation of graphene (doped and undoped) and graphene-composites, this technique remains unexplored for the preparation of holey graphene. In the present work, Nitrogen-doped multilayer holey graphene sheets were prepared by an all-solid, one-step procedure based on high-energy ball milling of graphite as the starting material in presence of melamine in a shaker-type mill for 1 hour under ambient conditions. Melamine acted simultaneously as an exfoliating agent to enhance the exfoliation of graphene layers and a diluent to protect graphite against the continuous fragmentation into amorphous carbon during the high-energy "shock" mode of ball milling. The high-energy "shock" mode of ball milling of graphite in presence of melamine induced the formation of multilayer defective graphene as an intermediate product before being converted into N-doped multilayer holey graphene after the removal of the in-plane defects during the milling process. The characterization of the final product confirmed the formation of N-doped multilayer holey graphene with a content in nitrogen as high as 12.96 at.%, making it promising for energy storage and energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hendaoui
- Physics Department, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshammari
- National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, King Abdullah Rd, Al Raed, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
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Joshi P, Shukla S, Gupta S, Riley PR, Narayan J, Narayan R. Excimer Laser Patterned Holey Graphene Oxide Films for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37149-37160. [PMID: 35930801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existence of point defects, holes, and corrugations (macroscopic defects) induces high catalytic potential in graphene and its derivatives. We report a systematic approach for microscopic and macroscopic defect density optimization in excimer laser-induced reduced graphene oxide by varying the laser energy density and pulse number to achieve a record detection limit of 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing. A quantitative estimation of point defect densities was obtained using Raman spectroscopy and confirmed with electrochemical sensing measurements. Laser annealing (LA) at 0.6 J cm-2 led to the formation of highly reduced graphene oxide (GO) by liquid-phase regrowth of molten carbon with the presence of dangling bonds, making it catalytically active. Hall-effect measurements yielded a mobility of ∼200 cm2 V-1 s-1. An additional increase in the number of pulses at 0.6 J cm-2 resulted in deoxygenation through the solid-state route, leading to the formation of holey graphene structure. The average hole size showed a hierarchical increase, with the number of pulses characterized with multiple microscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The exposure of edge sites due to high hole density after 10 pulses supported the formation of proximal diffusion layers, which led to facile mass transfer and improvement in the detection limit from 25.4 mM to 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing. However, LA at 1 J cm-2 with 1 pulse resulted in a high melt lifetime of molten carbon and the formation of GO characterized by a high resistivity of 3 × 10-2 Ω-cm, which was not ideal for sensing applications. The rapid thermal annealing technique using a batch furnace to generate holey graphene results in structure with uneven hole sizes. However, holey graphene formation using the LA technique is scalable with better control over hole size and density. This study will pave the path for cost-efficient and high-performance holey graphene sensors for advanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Shubhangi Shukla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Intel Corporation, Rolner Acres Campus 3, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Parand R Riley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Jagdish Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Roger Narayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Blanco
- Organic Chemistry Department Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
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