Silver cluster doped graphyne (GY) with outstanding non-linear optical properties

Growth pattern and electronic and magnetic properties of Cr-doped silver clusters

Growth pattern and electronic and magnetic properties of Agn Cr (n = 1-16) clusters have been investigated via density functional theory (DFT) combined with CALYPSO structure search method. The optimized geometry shows that the growth of the global minimum structures of Agn Cr clusters have obvious rule. when n > 12, silver atoms grow around an icosahedron which is almost unchanged in each structure. Analyses of electronic properties indicate that the doped Cr atom can only enhance the stability of larger silver clusters. Optical absorption and photoelectron spectra of Agn Cr isomers have been predicted and can be used for their structural identification. The icosahedral Ag12 Cr cluster with large energy level gap can be seen as a superatom. The adsorption capacity of Cr atom in Agn Cr cluster to CO is much higher than that of free Cr atom. The intensity of IR and Ramam spectra can be dramatically enhanced when CO is absorbed on Agn Cr cluster that Cr atom is encapsulated by Ag atoms. Moreover, the red shift of IR and Raman spectra of CO adsorbed on these clusters is also very small compared to free CO. Magnetism calculations show that the magnetic moment of Agn Cr clusters decreases linearly from n = 6 to 12 and increases linearly from n = 12 to 16. The total magnetic moment of Agn Cr cluster is mainly localized on the Cr atom. The change of magnetic moment of Cr atom is related to the charge transfer between Cr and Ag atoms.

Molecular docking, DFT studies, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of peshawaraquinone isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla

In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties for potential therapeutic applications. This study focuses on investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of peshawaraquinone (PAQ), a compound isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla, which is known for its local use in pain relief. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of peshawaraquinone in both in vitro and in vivo models and gain insights into its mode of action. In the in vitro Human red blood cell (HRBC) assay, various concentrations of peshawaraquinone were tested for their ability to inhibit the hemolysis of red blood cells, a well-established indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. The results demonstrated a maximum percent inhibition of 79.69 at a concentration of 100 µM, indicating significant anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, the in vivo xylene-induced ear edema model was employed to assess the compound's efficacy in reducing inflammation. Xylene was topically applied to the ear to induce edema, and peshawaraquinone was administered to evaluate its inhibitory effects. The findings revealed a substantial 74.19% reduction in ear edema, accompanied by decreased ear thickness and histopathological improvements, such as inhibited cell infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. To gain further insights into the compound's mechanism of action, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate its spectroscopic characteristics and geometric properties. Additionally, docking studies were conducted on key targets involved in inflammation, including COX-1 and COX-2. In conclusion, this study showcases the significant anti-inflammatory potential of peshawaraquinone, offering promising prospects for its use as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. The results from both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as the mechanistic insights gained from computational analyses, provide a solid basis for further exploration of peshawaraquinone's therapeutic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Synthesis and Computational Exploration of Morpholine Bearing Halogenated Sulfonamides as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors

In the presented work, a new series of three different 4-((3,5-dichloro-2-[(2/4-halobenzyl)oxy]phenyl)sulfonyl)morpholines was synthesized and the structure of these compounds were corroborated by 1 H-NMR & 13 C-NMR studies. The in vitro results established all the three compounds as potent tyrosinase inhibitors relative to the standard. The Kinetics mechanism plots established that compound 8 inhibited the enzyme non-competitively. The inhibition constants Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.0025 μM. Additionally, computational techniques were used to explore electronic structures of synthesized compounds. Fully optimized geometries were further docked with tyrosinase enzyme for inhibition studies. Reasonably good binding/interaction energies and intermolecular interactions were obtained. Finally, drug likeness was also predicted using the rule of five (RO5) and Chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics. It is anticipated that current experimental and computational investigations will evoke the scientific interest of the research community for the above-entitled compounds.

Tuning the optoelectronic properties of acridine-triphenylamine (ACR-TPA) based novel hole transporting material for high efficiency perovskite and organic solar cell

In this research, five distinct small donor molecules (designated as ACR-TPA-X1, ACR-TPA-X2, ACR-TPA-X3, ACR-TPA-X4, ACR-TPA-X5) are constructed by replacing the methoxy groups on both sides of the model molecule (ACR-TPA-R) with thiophene bridged acceptor moieties. We have used the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) model for our computational studies. Our model molecule's morphological alteration has resulted in a lowered E_g of 1.77-2.51 eV as compared to model (ACR-TPA-R=3.84 eV). ACR-TPA-X2 investigated the λ_max at 776 nm. ACR-TPA-X4 was found to be most miscible with dichloromethane (DCM). The greatest V_OC(1.21 eV) was observed in ACR-TPA-X1. Among all of the variants, ACR-TPA-X1 had the highest PCE (23.42%). It was found that ACR-TPA-X4 had the highest electron mobility (0.00370 eV) and ACR-TPA-X5 had the highest hole mobility (0.00324 eV) of all the materials examined. The findings prove the worth of the methods used, paving the way for the development of effective small donors for OSCs and HTMs for PSCs.

Quantum Chemical Approach of Hexaammine (NH3)6 complexant with alkali and alkaline earth metals for their potential use as NLO materials

In this study, nine new electron rich compounds are presented, and their electronic, geometrical, and nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics have been investigated by using the Density functional theory. The basic design principle of these compounds is placing alkaline earth metal (AEM) inside and alkali metal (AM) outside the hexaammine complexant. The properties of nine newly designed compounds are contrasted with the reference molecule (Hexaammine). The effect of this doping on Hexaamine complexant is explored by different analyses such as electron density distribution map (EDDM), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), density of states (DOS) absorption maximum (λ_max), hyperpolarizabilities, dipole moment, transition density matrix (TDM). Non-covalent interaction (NCI) study assisted with isosurfaces has been accomplished to explore the vibrational frequencies and types of synergy. The doping of hexaammine complexant with AM and AEM significantly improved its characteristics by reducing values of HOMO-LUMO energy gaps from 10.7eV to 3.15eV compared to 10.7 eV of hexaammine. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability (α_o and β_o) values inquisitively increase from 72 to 919 au and 4.31 × 10^-31 to 2.00 × 10^-27esu respectively. The higher values of hyperpolarizability in comparison to hexaammine (taken as a reference molecule) are credited to the presence of additional electrons. The absorption profile of the newly designed molecules clearly illustrates that they are highly accompanied by higher λ_max showing maximum absorbance in red and far-red regions ranging from 654.07 nm to 783.94 nm. These newly designed compounds have superior outcomes having effectiveness for using them as proficient NLO materials and have a gateway for advanced investigation of more stable and highly progressive NLO materials.

The Electronic Properties of Cadmium Naphthalene Diimide Coordination Complex

The computational simulations for electronic properties of cadmium (Cd) coordinated L-alanine NDI ligand (H₂-l-ala NDI) based complex are the focus of this research. For the first time, the Cd-NDI complex (monomer) has been produced using water as the solvent; this is a new approach to synthesizing the Cd-NDI complex that has not been reported yet. Along with crystallography and Hirsch field analysis, CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/LANL2MB basis sets were used, and in-depth characterisation of the Cd-NDI complex by following DFT and TD-DFT hypothetical simulations. Hyperpolarizabilities, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), the density of states (DOS), dipole moment (µ), electron density distribution map (EDDM), transition density matrix (TDM), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), electron-hole analysis (EHA), and electrical conductivity (σ) have all been studied regarding the Cd-NDI complex. The vibrational frequencies and types of interaction are studied using infrared (IR) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis with iso-surface. In comparison to the Cd-NDI complex with 2.61, 2.42 eV E_g (using CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/LANL2MB basis sets, respectively) and 376 nm λ_max, (in case of B3LYP/LANL2MB λ_max is higher), H₂-l-ala NDI have 3.387 eV E_g and 375 nm λ_max, metal-ligand coordination in complex dramatically altered charge transfer properties, such as narrowing band gap (E_g). Based on the electronic properties analysis of Cd-NDI complex, it is predicted that the Cd-NDI complex will have a spectacular (nonlinear optical) NLO response. The Cd-NDI complex is discovered to be advantageous for the creation of future nanoscale devices due to the harmony between the Cd metal and H₂-l-ala NDI, in addition to their influences on NLO characteristics.

Designing of anthracene-arylamine hole transporting materials for organic and perovskite solar cells

This study focuses on the creation of 5 small donor molecules (A102W1-A102W5) by substituting the one-sided methoxy group of model (A102R) with different thiophene bridged acceptor moieties. B3LYP/6-31**G (d,p) model has been employed for computational analysis. The best miscibility was found for A102W3 in dichloromethane (DCM) solvent, where its λ_max was also found to be at 753 nm, its E_g was found to be 1.55 eV as well as dipole moment in DCM was 21.47 D. The percentage of PCE among all the variants was greatest for A102W2 (25.31%). The electron reorganization energy shown by A102W4 was 0.00470 eV, whereas the hole reorganization energy investigated in A102W2 was 0.00586 eV representing their maximum electron and hole mobility respectively amongst all. Results validate the value of specified techniques, opening a new door to create efficient small donors for OSCs and HTMs for PSCs.

Molecular Modeling of Pentacyclic Aromatic Bislactam-Based Small Donor Molecules by Altering Auxiliary End-Capped Acceptors to Elevate the Photovoltaic Attributes of Organic Solar Cells

Small-molecule (SM)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have dominated the photovoltaic industry on account of their efficient optical and electronic properties. This quantum mechanical study addresses a DFT study of pentacyclic aromatic bislactam (PCL)-based small molecules for extremely proficient OSCs. Five novel small molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) retaining the A-π-A-π-D-π-A-π-A arrangement were fabricated from the reference PCLR. At the MPW1PW91/6-31G** level of theory, detailed profiling of these novel molecules was performed by accurately following DFT, along with the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) hypothetical simulations to analyze the UV-visible absorption (λ_max), light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), dipole moment (μ), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (V _OC), power conversion efficiency (PCE), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), binding energy (E _b), density of states (DOS), electrostatic potential (ESP), and transition density matrix (TDM) plots. Alteration of peripheral acceptors in all of the molecular structures drastically modified their charge-transfer properties, such as a strong light-harvesting capability in the range of 0.9993-0.9998, reduced exciton E _b (from 0.34 to 0.39 eV), a reduced bandgap (E _g) in the range of 1.66-1.99 eV, an elevated λ_max (775-959 nm) along with a higher μ in the solvent phase (1.934-7.865 D) when studied in comparison with PCLR, possessing an LHE of 0.9986, an E _b of 0.40, an E _g 2.27 eV, λ_max at 662 nm, and a μ of 0.628 D. The FMO analysis revealed the uniform dispersal of charge density entirely along the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbitals in newly constructed moieties. Electron as well as hole mobility rates, V _OC, FF, and PCE of all novel molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) were higher as compared with those of PCLR, ultimately making them exceptional candidates for solar devices. Focusing on the outcomes, terminal acceptor modification was found to be a suitable method for the development of highly tuned OSCs in the future.

DFT study of alkali and alkaline earth metal-doped benzocryptand with remarkable NLO properties

Strategies for designing remarkable nonlinear optical materials using excess electron compounds are well recognized in literature to enhance the applications of these compounds in nonlinear optics. In this study, density functional theory simulations are performed to study alkali and alkaline earth metal-doped benzocryptand using the B3LYP/6-31G+(d, p) level of theory. Vertical ionization energies (VIEs), reactivity parameters, interaction energies, and binding energies exposed the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. FMO analysis revealed that HOMO is located on alkali metals having polarized electrons, which are easy to excite. The doping strategy enhanced the charge transfer with low bandgap energy in the range of 0.68–2.23 eV, which is lower than that of the surface BC (5.50 eV). Also, the lower transition energies and higher oscillator strength indicate that these complexes exhibit excellent electronic and optical properties. Non-covalent interaction analysis suggested the presence of van der Waals interactions between dopants and surface. IR analysis provided information about the frequencies of stretching vibrations present in the complexes due to different bonds. UV-vis analysis revealed that all the newly designed excess electron complexes are transparent in the UV region and possessed maximum absorption in the visible and NIR region, ranging from 753.6 to 2150 nm, which is higher than the surface (244 nm). Thus, these complexes have a potential for high-performance NLO materials in the applications of optics. Natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), transition density matrix (TDM), electron density difference map (EDDM), and density of state (DOS) analyses were also performed to study the charge transfer properties. Moreover, these complexes possessed remarkable optoelectronic properties due to a significant increase in the isotropic linear polarizability (α_iso) in the range of 629.59–1423.23 au. Further, these systems demonstrated an extraordinary large total first hyperpolarizability (β_tl) in the range of 3695.55–910 706.43 au. The rationalization of hyperpolarizability by the two-level model reflected a noteworthy increase in β_tl because of low transition energies (ΔE) and high transition dipole moment (Δμ). Thus, our results showed that alkali and alkaline earth metal-doped BC might be a competitor for efficient nonlinear optical properties with practical applications in the area of optoelectronics.

Strategies for designing remarkable nonlinear optical materials using excess electron compounds are well recognized in literature to enhance the applications of these compounds in nonlinear optics.

Ab initio study for superior sensitivity of graphyne nanoflake towards nitrogen halides over ammonia

Graphyne (GYN) has received immense attention in gas adsorption applications due to its large surface area. The adsorption of toxic ammonia and nitrogen halides gaseous molecules on graphyne has been theoretically studied at ωB97XD/6-31 + G(d, p) level of DFT. The counterpoise corrected interaction energies of NH₃, NF₃, NCl₃, and NBr₃ molecules with GYN are - 4.73, - 2.27, - 5.22, and - 7.19 kcal mol^-1, respectively. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT0) and noncovalent interaction index (NCI) reveal that the noncovalent interaction between analytes and GYN is dominated by dispersion forces. The significant change in electronic behavior, i.e., energies of HOMO and LUMO orbitals and NBO charge transfer correspond to the pronounced sensitivity of GYN towards considered analytes, especially NBr₃. Finally, TD-DFT calculation reveals a decrease in electronic transition energies and shifting of adsorption to a longer wavelength. The recovery time for NX₃@GYN is observed in nanoseconds, which is many orders of magnitude smaller than the reported systems. The recovery time is further decreased with increasing temperature, indicating that the GYN benefits from a short recovery time as a chemical sensor.