1
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Haug I, Reitz J, Ziane C, Buchmeiser MR, Hansmann MM, Naumann S. Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins as Initiators for the Lewis Pair Polymerization of Epoxides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300716. [PMID: 38497903 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) have recently emerged as a novel class of highly nucleophilic and super-basic σ-donor compounds. Making use of these properties in synthetic polymer chemistry, it is shown that a combination of a specific mNHO and a Mg-based Lewis acid (magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide), Mg(HMDS)2) delivers poly(propylene oxide) in quantitative yields from the polymerization of the corresponding epoxide (0.1 mol% mNHO loading). The initiation mechanism involves monomer activation by the Lewis acid and direct ring-opening of the monomer by nucleophilic attack of the mNHO, forming a zwitterionic propagating species. Modulation of the mNHO properties is thereby a direct tool to impact initiation efficiency, revealing a sterically unencumbered triazole-derivative as particularly useful. The joint application of mNHOs together with borane-type Lewis acids is also outlined, resulting in high conversions and fast polymerization kinetics. Importantly, while molar mass distributions remain relatively broad, indicating faster propagation than initiation, the overall molar masses are significantly lower than found in the case of regular NHOs, underlining the increased nucleophilicity and ensuing improved initiation efficiency of mNHOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Haug
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- TU Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Célia Ziane
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- TU Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Ževart T, Pinter B, Lozinšek M, Urankar D, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Košmrlj J. Towards structurally versatile mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin ligands and their coordination to palladium, gold, and boron hydride. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8915-8925. [PMID: 38590282 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and versatile approach for the synthesis of a family of 1,2,3-triazole-based mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin (mNHO) ligands and investigated their coordination to palladium, gold, and boron hydride experimentally and computationally. We reacted mNHOs obtained through deprotonation of the corresponding methylated and ethylated 1,3,4-triaryl-1,2,3-triazolium salts with [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 to give the corresponding [Pd(η3-allyl)Cl(mNHO)] coordination complexes. 13C NMR data revealed the strong σ-donor character of the mNHO ligands, consistent with the calculated bond orders and atom-condensed charges. Furthermore, we also synthesized [AuCl(mNHO)] and a BH3-mNHO adduct by reacting the triazolium salts with AuCl(SMe2) and BH3·THF, respectively. The BH3-mNHO adduct was tested in the reduction of select aldehydes and ketones to alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisa Ževart
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Balazs Pinter
- The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Sun Q, Eitzinger A, Esken R, Antoni PW, Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pyridinium-Derived Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins (py-mNHOs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318283. [PMID: 38153170 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic polarization allows access to electron-rich olefins that have found application as organocatalysts, ligands, or nucleophiles. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of 3-methylpyridinium-derived mesoionic olefins (py-mNHOs). We used a DFT-supported design concept, which showed that the introduction of aryl groups in the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-positions of the heterocyclic core allowed the kinetic stabilization of the novel mesoionic compounds. Tolman electronic parameters indicate that py-mNHOs are remarkably strong σ-donor ligands toward transition metals and main group Lewis acids. Additionally, they are among the strongest nucleophiles on the Mayr reactivity scale. In reactions of py-mNHOs with electron-poor π-systems, a gradual transition from the formation of zwitterionic adducts via stepwise to concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was observed experimentally and analyzed by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Robin Esken
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Rajendran NM, Lu Q, Bouffard J. A Facile Preparation of N-Heterocyclic Olefins: Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone and Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303358. [PMID: 38109087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and their mesoionic congeners (mNHOs) from N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-aziridinylimines is reported. The reaction provided diverse functionalized (m)NHOs and π-extended analogues. The prepared NHOs initiated the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, and insertion of aldehyde and nitrile into an NHO-B(C6 F5 )3 adduct was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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5
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Eitzinger A, Reitz J, Antoni PW, Mayr H, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pushing the Upper Limit of Nucleophilicity Scales by Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309790. [PMID: 37540606 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of mesoionic, 1,2,3-triazole-derived N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs), which have an extraordinarily electron-rich exocyclic CC-double bond, was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized, in selected cases by X-ray crystallography. The kinetics of their reactions with arylidene malonates, ArCH=C(CO2 Et)2 , which gave zwitterionic adducts, were investigated photometrically in THF at 20 °C. The resulting second-order rate constants k2 (20 °C) correlate linearly with the reported electrophilicity parameters E of the arylidene malonates (reference electrophiles), thus providing the nucleophile-specific N and sN parameters of the mNHOs according to the correlation lg k2 (20 °C)=sN (N+E). With 21
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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6
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G M, Sharma D, Dandela R, Dhayalan V. Synthetic Strategies of N-Heterocyclic Olefin (NHOs) and Their Recent Application of Organocatalytic Reactions and Beyond. Chemistry 2023:e202302106. [PMID: 37605950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) derivatives have an electron-rich as well as highly polarized carabon-carbon (C=C) double bond because of the electron-donating nature of nitrogen and sulphur atoms. While NHOs have been developing as novel organocatalysts and ligands for transition-metal complexes in various organic compound syntheses, different research groups are currently interested in preparing imidazole and triazolium-based chiral NHO catalysts. Some of them have been used for enantioselective organic transformations, but were still elusive. N-heterocyclic olefins, the alkylidene derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), have shown promising results as effective promoters for numerous organic syntheses such as asymmetric catalysis, hydroborylation, hydrosilylation, reduction, CO2 sequestration, alkylation, cycloaddition, polymerization and the ring-opening reaction of aziridine and epoxides, esterification, C-F bond functionalization, amine coupling, trifluoromethyl thiolation, amination etc. NHOs catalysts with suitable structures can serve as a novel class of Lewis/Bronsted bases with strong basicity and high nucleophilicity properties.These facts strongly suggest their enormous chemical potential as sustainable catalysts for a wide variety of reactions in synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of NHOs and their properties are briefly reviewed in this article, along with a summary of the imidazole and triazole core of NHOs' most recent catalytic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, Union Territory Puducherry, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, IIT, Kharagpur extension Centre Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, IIT, Kharagpur extension Centre Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, Union Territory Puducherry, India
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7
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Wang D, Lang W, Wang W, Zou Q, Yang C, Liu F, Zhao T. CuH-Catalyzed Selective N-Methylation of Amines Using Paraformaldehyde as a C1 Source. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30640-30645. [PMID: 37636962 PMCID: PMC10448681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper hydride (CuH) complexes have been proposed as key intermediates in synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we developed a highly efficient strategy for CuH-catalyzed N-methylation of aromatic and aliphatic amines using paraformaldehyde and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded smoothly without additives to furnish the corresponding N-methylated products using cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC)CuH as a reaction intermediate, which results from a reaction between PMHS and (CAAC)CuCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diedie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Wanglv Lang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Qizhuang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and
Clean Energy Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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8
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Gautam N, Logdi R, P S, Roy A, Tiwari AK, Mandal SK. Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) in a dual role: activation of primary amides and CO 2 towards catalytic N-methylation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5079-5086. [PMID: 37206403 PMCID: PMC10189868 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the first catalytic methylation of primary amides using CO2 as a C1 source. A bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) exhibits dual role by activating both primary amide and CO2 to carry out this catalytic transformation which enables the formation of a new C-N bond in the presence of pinacolborane. This protocol was applicable to a wide range of substrate scopes, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic amides. We successfully used this procedure in the diversification of drug and bioactive molecules. Moreover, this method was explored for isotope labelling using 13CO2 for a few biologically important molecules. A detailed study of the mechanism was carried out with the help of spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Gautam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus Nadia 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Ratan Logdi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus Nadia 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus Nadia 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Antara Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 West Bengal India
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus Nadia 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus Nadia 741246 West Bengal India
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9
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Wang S, Zhang C, Li D, Zhou Y, Su Z, Feng X, Dong S. New chiral N-heterocyclic olefin bifunctional organocatalysis in α-functionalization of β-ketoesters. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Zhang L, Tu X, Han W, Chen L, Chen Y, Zheng H. The Efficient CO2 Fixation Catalyzed by Fe-Based Catalyst for Synthesizing Benzimidazoles. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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11
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Yan M, Qian BC, Chen Y, Luo GZ, Shen GB. Theoretical Study for Evaluating and Discovering Organic Hydride Compounds as Potential Novel Methylation Reagents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36579-36589. [PMID: 36278082 PMCID: PMC9583324 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methylation reaction is a fundamental chemical reaction that plays an important role in the modification of drug molecules, DNA, as well as proteins. This work focuses on seeking potential novel methylation reagents through a systematic investigation of the thermodynamics and reactivity of methyl-substituted organic hydride radical cations (XH•+s). In this work, 45 classical and important XH•+s were designed to investigate the relationship between their structure and reactivity, to find excellent or potential methylation reagents. The Gibbs free energy and activation free energy of XH•+ to release the methyl radical in MeCN at 298.15 and 355 K are calculated with the density functional theory (DFT) method to quantitatively measure the reactivity of XH•+ as a methylation reagent in this work. The relationships between structures and reactivities on XH•+s as methylation reagents are well examined. Since we have calculated the Gibbs free energy and activation free energy of trifluoromethyl-substituted organic hydride compound radical cations (X'H•+) releasing trifluoromethyl radicals in MeCN with the DFT method in our previous work, accordingly, the relationship of thermodynamics and reactivity between X'H•+ releasing trifluoromethyl radical and XH•+ releasing methyl radical is discussed in detail. Excitingly, 4 XH•+s (1H•+, 3H•+∼4H•+, and 44H•+) are found to be excellent methyl radical reagents, while 9 XH•+s (5H•+, 6H•+, 9H•+, 10H•+, 12H•+, 13H•+, 15H•+, 43H•+, and 45H•+) are found to be potential methyl radical reagents in chemical synthesis. The molecular library and reactivity database of novel methylation reagents could be established for synthetic chemists to query and use. Our work may offer a theoretical basis and reference experience for screening different substituted organic hydride compounds (YRHs) as alkylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Yan
- School
of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong276800, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Chen Qian
- School
of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong272000, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong276800, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ze Luo
- School
of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong272000, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Bin Shen
- School
of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong272000, P. R. China
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12
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Maji S, Sarkar P, Das A, Pati SK, Mandal SK. Benzimidazolylidene-Stabilized Borenium Ion for Catalytic Hydrogenation of N-Heterocycles. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14282-14287. [PMID: 36047676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a benzimidazolylidene-stabilized borane adduct and its borenium ion. This borenium ion was used as a metal-free catalyst for hydrogenating various substituted quinoline N-heterocycles under ambient conditions. Furthermore, this method was utilized to synthesize two drug molecules: galipinine and angustureine. A detailed DFT study was performed to understand this metal-free catalytic hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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13
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Abstract
This Perspective article highlights the recent development of mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs), where the exo-cyclic olefinic carbon is not bonded to strongly electron-withdrawing groups. The unquenched basicity and nucleophilicity of the exo-cyclic olefinic carbon make mNHOs strong σ-donors and enable unique reactivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6.
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6.
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14
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Natte K, Naik G, Sarki N, Goyal V, Narani A. Recent Trends in Upgrading of CO2 as a C1 Reactant in N‐ and C‐Methylation Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Natte
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Chemistry Kandi--- Sangareddy INDIA
| | - Ganesh Naik
- Indian Institute of Petroleum CSIR Chemistry INDIA
| | - Naina Sarki
- Indian Institute of Petroleum CSIR Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Anand Narani
- Indian Institute of Petroleum CSIR Chemistry INDIA
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15
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Merschel A, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler G, Ghadwal RS. Crystalline phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8217-8222. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs), (iMIC)CHR (iMIC = PhC{N(Dipp)}2C(PPh2)C, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; R = H 4a or Ph 4b) derived from a 1,3-imidazole based mesoionic carbene (iMIC) are reported. The p-MIOs...
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16
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Guthardt R, Mellin J, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. 1,1′‐Ferrocenylene‐Bridged Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Olefin) Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guthardt
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Johanna Mellin
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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17
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Liang Q, Hayashi K, Li L, Song D. Dioxygenation of unprotected mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10927-10930. [PMID: 34596194 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04695k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the dioxygenation of mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) using molecular dioxygen. For 1,2,3-triazole-derived mNHOs possessing a vinyl proton and at least one acidic C-H group, they are oxidized into the corresponding triazolium benzoate salts, whereas those without vinyl proton or an acidic C-H group are oxidized into triazolium oxide and ketones/aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Kasumi Hayashi
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Longfei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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