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Runser JY, More SH, Fneich F, Boutfol T, Weiss P, Schmutz M, Senger B, Jierry L, Schaaf P. Model to rationalize and predict the formation of organic patterns originating from an enzyme-assisted self-assembly Liesegang-like process of peptides in a host hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:7723-7734. [PMID: 39308326 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00888j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we have investigated the enzyme-assisted self-assembly of precursor peptides diffusing in an enzyme-containing host gel, leading to various self-assembly profiles within the gel. At high enzyme concentrations, the reaction-diffusion self-assembly processes result in the formation of a continuous non-monotonous peptide self-assembly profile. At low enzyme concentrations, they result in the formation of individual self-assembled peptide microglobules and at intermediate enzyme concentrations both kinds of self-assembled structures coexist. Herein, we develop a Liesegang-type model that considers four major points: (i) the diffusion of the precursor peptides within the host gel, (ii) the diffusion of the enzymes in the gel, (iii) the enzymatic transformation of the precursor peptides into the self-assembling ones and (iv) the nucleation of these building blocks as the starting point of the self-assembly process. This process is treated stochastically. Our model predicts most of the experimentally observed features and in particular (i) the transition from a continuous to a microglobular pattern of self-assembled peptides through five types of patterns by decreasing the enzyme concentration in the host hydrogel. (ii) It also predicts that when the precursor peptide concentration decreases, the enzyme concentration at which the continuous/microglobules transition appears increases. (iii) Finally, it predicts that for peptides whose critical self-assembly concentration in solution decreases, the peptide concentration at which the continuous-to-microglobular transition decreases too. All these predictions are observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Runser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, BP 84047, France.
| | - Shahaji H More
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, BP 84047, France.
| | - Fatima Fneich
- Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, INSERM UMR 1229, 1 place Ricordeau, Nantes, 44042, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, 44042, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, 44042, France
| | - Timothée Boutfol
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, BP 84047, France.
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, INSERM UMR 1229, 1 place Ricordeau, Nantes, 44042, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, 44042, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, 44042, France
| | - Marc Schmutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, BP 84047, France.
| | - Bernard Senger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, BP 84047, France.
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, BP 84047, France.
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Li Z, Wang H, Gao Y, Chen J, Gu G, Liu J, Chen Y, Guo X, Wang Y. Microfluidic-Assisted Self-Assembly of Molecular Hydrogelator at Water-Water Interfaces for Continuous Fabrication of Supramolecular Microcapsules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403085. [PMID: 39051965 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Control over the self-assembly of small molecules at specific areas is of great interest for many high-tech applications, yet remains a formidable challenge. Here, how the self-assembly of hydrazone-based molecular hydrogelators can be specifically triggered at water-water interfaces for the continuous fabrication of supramolecular microcapsules by virtue of the microfluidic technique is demonstrated. The non-assembling hydrazide- and aldehyde-based hydrogelator precursors are distributed in two immiscible aqueous polymer solutions, respectively, through spontaneous phase separation. In the presence of catalysts, hydrazone-based hydrogelators rapidly form and self-assemble into hydrogel networks at the generated water-water interfaces. Relying on the microfluidic technique, microcapsules bearing a shell of supramolecular hydrogel are continuously produced. The obtained microcapsules can effectively load enzymes, enabling localized enzymatic growth of supramolecular fibrous supramolecular structures, reminiscent of the self-assembly of biological filaments within living cells. This work may contribute to the development of biomimetic supramolecular carriers for applications in biomedicine and fundamental research, for instance, the construction of protocells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guanyao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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Wang G, Chen A, Aryal P, Bietsch J. Synthetic approaches of carbohydrate based self-assembling systems. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5470-5510. [PMID: 38904076 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based self-assembling systems are essential for the formation of advanced biocompatible materials via a bottom-up approach. The self-assembling of sugar-based small molecules has applications encompassing many research fields and has been studied extensively. In this focused review, we will discuss the synthetic approaches for carbohydrate-based self-assembling (SA) systems, the mechanisms of the assembly, as well as the main properties and applications. This review will mainly cover recent publications in the last four years from January 2020 to December 2023. We will essentially focus on small molecule self-assembly, excluding polymer-based systems, which include various derivatives of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Glycolipids, glycopeptides, and some glycoconjugate-based systems are discussed. Typically, in each category of systems, the system that can function as low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) will be discussed first, followed by self-assembling systems that produce micelles and aggregates. The last section of the review discusses stimulus-responsive self-assembling systems, especially those forming gels, including dynamic covalent assemblies, chemical-triggered systems, and photoresponsive systems. The review will be organized based on the sugar structures, and in each category, the synthesis of representative molecular systems will be discussed next, followed by the properties of the resulting molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Anji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Pramod Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Jonathan Bietsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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Li L, Zheng R, Sun R. Understanding multicomponent low molecular weight gels from gelators to networks. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00126-7. [PMID: 38570015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The construction of gels from low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) has been extensively studied in the fields of bio-nanotechnology and other fields. However, the understanding gaps still prevent the prediction of LMWG from the full design of those gel systems. Gels with multicomponent become even more complicated because of the multiple interference effects coexist in the composite gel systems. AIM OF REVIEW This review emphasizes systems view on the understanding of multicomponent low molecular weight gels (MLMWGs), and summarizes recent progress on the construction of desired networks of MLMWGs, including self-sorting and co-assembly, as well as the challenges and approaches to understanding MLMWGs, with the hope that the opportunities from natural products and peptides can speed up the understanding process and close the gaps between the design and prediction of structures. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three key concepts. Firstly, understanding the complicated multicomponent gels systems requires a systems perspective on MLMWGs. Secondly, several protocols can be applied to control self-sorting and co-assembly behaviors in those multicomponent gels system, including the certain complementary structures, chirality inducing and dynamic control. Thirdly, the discussion is anchored in challenges and strategies of understanding MLMWGs, and some examples are provided for the understanding of multicomponent gels constructed from small natural products and subtle designed short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchun Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Renlin Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rongqin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Cell-Like Synthetic Supramolecular Soft Materials Realized in Multicomponent, Non-/Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306830. [PMID: 38018341 PMCID: PMC10885657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are complex, nonequilibrium supramolecular systems capable of independently and/or cooperatively integrating multiple bio-supramolecules to execute intricate physiological functions that cannot be accomplished by individual biomolecules. These biological design strategies offer valuable insights for the development of synthetic supramolecular systems with spatially controlled hierarchical structures, which, importantly, exhibit cell-like responses and functions. The next grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry is to control the organization of multiple types of supramolecules in a single system, thus integrating the functions of these supramolecules in an orthogonal and/or cooperative manner. In this perspective, the recent progress in constructing multicomponent supramolecular soft materials through the hybridization of supramolecules, such as self-assembled nanofibers/gels and coacervates, with other functional molecules, including polymer gels and enzymes is highlighted. Moreover, results show that these materials exhibit bioinspired responses to stimuli, such as bidirectional rheological responses of supramolecular double-network hydrogels, temporal stimulus pattern-dependent responses of synthetic coacervates, and 3D hydrogel patterning in response to reaction-diffusion processes are presented. Autonomous active soft materials with cell-like responses and spatially controlled structures hold promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics with directional motion, point-of-care disease diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, 615-8530, Japan
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6
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Smith DK. Supramolecular gels - a panorama of low-molecular-weight gelators from ancient origins to next-generation technologies. SOFT MATTER 2023; 20:10-70. [PMID: 38073497 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels, self-assembled from low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs), have a long history and a bright future. This review provides an overview of these materials, from their use in lubrication and personal care in the ancient world, through to next-generation technologies. In academic terms, colloid scientists in the 19th and early 20th centuries first understood such gels as being physically assembled as a result of weak interactions, combining a solid-like network having a degree of crystalline order with a highly mobile liquid-like phase. During the 20th century, industrial scientists began using these materials in new applications in the polymer, oil and food industries. The advent of supramolecular chemistry in the late 20th century, with its focus on non-covalent interactions and controlled self-assembly, saw the horizons for these materials shifted significantly beyond their historic rheological applications, expanding their potential. The ability to tune the LMWG chemical structure, manipulate hierarchical assembly, develop multi-component systems, and introduce new types of responsive and interactive behaviour, has been transformative. Furthermore, the dynamics of these materials are increasingly understood, creating metastable gels and transiently-fueled systems. New approaches to shaping and patterning gels are providing a unique opportunity for more sophisticated uses. These supramolecular advances are increasingly underpinning and informing next-generation applications - from drug delivery and regenerative medicine to environmental remediation and sustainable energy. In summary, this article presents a panorama over the field of supramolecular gels, emphasising how both academic and industrial scientists are building on the past, and engaging new fundamental insights and innovative concepts to open up exciting horizons for their future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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7
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Chen J, Wang H, Long F, Bai S, Wang Y. Dynamic supramolecular hydrogels mediated by chemical reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14236-14248. [PMID: 37964743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly in a biological system is usually dominated by sophisticated metabolic processes (chemical reactions) such as catalysis of enzymes and consumption of high energy chemicals, leading to groups of biomolecules with unique dynamics and functions in an aqueous environment. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to couple chemical reactions to molecular self-assembly, with the aim of creating supramolecular materials with lifelike properties and functions. In this feature article, after summarising the work of chemical reaction mediated supramolecular hydrogels, we first focus on a typical example where dynamic self-assembly of molecular hydrogels is activated by in situ formation of a hydrazone bond in water. We discuss how the formation of the hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels can be controlled in time and space. After that, we describe transient assembly of supramolecular hydrogels powered by out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks regulated by chemical fuels, which show unique properties such as finite lifetime, dynamic structures, and regenerative capabilities. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future investigations that need to be done urgently, which range from fundamental research to real-life applications of dynamic supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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Tangsombun C, Smith DK. Fabricating Shaped and Patterned Supramolecular Multigelator Objects via Diffusion-Adhesion Gel Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24061-24070. [PMID: 37885219 PMCID: PMC10636748 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of acid-diffusion to assemble core-shell supramolecular gel beads with different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) in the core and shell. These gel beads grow a shell of dibenzylidenesorbitol-based DBS-COOH onto a core comprising DBS-CONHNH2 and agarose that has been loaded with acetic acid. Diffusion of the acid from the core triggers shell assembly. The presence of DBS-CONHNH2 enables the gel core to be loaded with metal nanoparticles (NPs) as acyl hydrazide reduces metal salts in situ. The pH-responsiveness of DBS-COOH allows responsive assembly of the shell with both temporal and spatial control. By fixing multiple gel beads in a Petri dish, the cores become linked to one another by the assembled DBS-COOH gel shell─a process we describe as diffusion-adhesion assembly. By controlling the geometry of the beads with respect to one another, it is possible to pattern the structures, and using a layer-by-layer approach, 3D objects can be fabricated. If some of the beads are loaded with basic DBS-carboxylate instead of CH3COOH, they act as a "sink" for diffusing protons, preventing DBS-COOH shell assembly in the close proximity. Those beads do not adhere to the remainder of the growing gel object and can be simply removed once diffusion-assembly is complete, acting as templates, and enabling the fabrication of 3D "imprinted" multigel architectures. Preloading the gel beads with AuNPs or AgNPs suspends these functional units within the cores at precisely defined locations within a wider gel object. In summary, this approach enables the dynamic fabrication of shaped and patterned gels with embedded metal NPs─such objects have potential next-generation applications in areas including soft nanoelectronics and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanan Tangsombun
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University
of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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9
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Wang H, Fu X, Gu G, Bai S, Li R, Zhong W, Guo X, Eelkema R, van Esch JH, Cao Z, Wang Y. Dynamic Growth of Macroscopically Structured Supramolecular Hydrogels through Orchestrated Reaction-Diffusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310162. [PMID: 37671694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are capable of dynamically changing their structures for adaptive functions through sophisticated reaction-diffusion processes. Here we show how active supramolecular hydrogels with programmable lifetimes and macroscopic structures can be created by relying on a simple reaction-diffusion strategy. Two hydrogel precursors (poly(acrylic acid) PAA/CaCl2 and Na2 CO3 ) diffuse from different locations and generate amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles at the diffusional fronts, leading to the formation of hydrogel structures driven by electrostatic interactions between PAA and ACC nanoparticles. Interestingly, the formed hydrogels are capable of autonomously disintegrating over time because of a delayed influx of electrostatic-interaction inhibitors (NaCl). The hydrogel growth process is well explained by a reaction-diffusion model which offers a theoretical means to program the dynamic growth of structured hydrogels. Furthermore, we demonstrate a conceptual access to dynamic information storage in soft materials using the developed reaction-diffusion strategy. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of life-like materials with adaptive structures and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guanyao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Runlai Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Weimin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Esch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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10
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Transition from continuous to microglobular shaped peptide assemblies through a Liesegang-like enzyme-assisted mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:876-885. [PMID: 36495809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted self-assembly confined within host materials leads to Liesegang-like spatial structuration when precursor peptides are diffusing through an enzyme-functionalized hydrogel. It is shown here that playing on peptide and enzyme concentrations results in a transition from continuous self-assembled peptide areas to individual microglobules. Their morphology, location, size and buildup mechanism are described. Additionally, it is also found that the enzymes adsorb onto the peptide self-assemblies leading to co-localization of peptide self-assembled microglobules and enzymes. Finally, we find that large microglobules grow at the expense of smaller ones present in their vicinity in a kind of Ostwald ripening process, illustrating the dynamic nature of the peptide self-assembly process within host hydrogels.
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11
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Cao Y, Gabrielli L, Frezzato D, Prins LJ. Persistent ATP-Concentration Gradients in a Hydrogel Sustained by Chemical Fuel Consumption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215421. [PMID: 36420591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We show the formation of macroscopic ATP-concentrations in an agarose gel and demonstrate that these gradients can be sustained in time at the expense of the consumption of a chemical fuel. The approach relies on the spatially controlled activation of ATP-producing and ATP-consuming reactions through the local injection of enzymes in the matrix. The reaction-diffusion system is maintained in a stationary non-equilibrium state as long as chemical fuel, phosphocreatine, is present. The reaction-diffusion system is coupled to a supramolecular system composed of monolayer protected gold nanoparticles and a fluorescent probe. As a result of this coupling, fluorescence signals emerge spontaneously in response to the ATP-concentration gradients. We show that the approach permits the rational formation of complex fluorescence patterns that change over time as a function of the evolution of the ATP-concentrations present in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Cao
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Frezzato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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12
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Enzymatically-active nanoparticles to direct the self-assembly of peptides in hydrogel with a 3D spatial control. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Drew EN, Piras CC, Fitremann J, Smith DK. Wet-spinning multi-component low-molecular-weight gelators to print synergistic soft materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11115-11118. [PMID: 36102842 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) have been 3D-printed as filaments by wet-spininng. When the two LMWGs are simultaneously wet-spun, the co-assembled hybrid gel filaments combine the individual properties of the two gelators (dynamic pH response and in-situ metal nanoparticle formation) in synergistic ways, creating gel objects with new properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Juliette Fitremann
- IMRCP, UMR 5623, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Ravarino P, Panja S, Adams DJ. Spatiotemporal Control Over Base-Catalysed Hydrogelation Using a Bilayer System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200606. [PMID: 35995598 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the formation and directional growth of hydrogels is a challenge. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to program the gel formation both over space and time, using the diffusion and subsequent hydrolysis of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) from an immiscible organic solution to the aqueous gel media. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ravarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
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15
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Runser JY, Criado-Gonzalez M, Fneich F, Rabineau M, Senger B, Weiss P, Jierry L, Schaaf P. Non-monotonous enzyme-assisted self-assembly profiles resulting from reaction-diffusion processes in host gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mahato RR, Priyanka, Shandilya E, Maiti S. Perpetuating enzymatically induced spatiotemporal pH and catalytic heterogeneity of a hydrogel by nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8557-8566. [PMID: 35974757 PMCID: PMC9337733 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The attainment of spatiotemporally inhomogeneous chemical and physical properties within a system is gaining attention across disciplines due to the resemblance to environmental and biological heterogeneity. Notably, the origin of natural pH gradients and how they have been incorporated in cellular systems is one of the most important questions in understanding the prebiotic origin of life. Herein, we have demonstrated a spatiotemporal pH gradient formation pattern on a hydrogel surface by employing two different enzymatic reactions, namely, the reactions of glucose oxidase (pH decreasing) and urease (pH increasing). We found here a generic pattern of spatiotemporal change in pH and proton transfer catalytic activity that was completely altered in a cationic gold nanoparticle containing hydrogel. In the absence of nanoparticles, the gradually generated macroscopic pH gradient slowly diminished with time, whereas the presence of nanoparticles helped to perpetuate the generated gradient effect. This behavior is due to the differential responsiveness of the interface of the cationic nanoparticle in temporally changing surroundings with increasing or decreasing pH or ionic contents. Moreover, the catalytic proton transfer ability of the nanoparticle showed a concerted kinetic response following the spatiotemporal pH dynamics in the gel matrix. Notably, this nanoparticle-driven spatiotemporally resolved gel matrix will find applicability in the area of the membrane-free generation and control of spatially segregated chemistry at the macroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Ram Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 India
| | - Ekta Shandilya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 India
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17
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Chen R, Das K, Cardona MA, Gabrielli L, Prins LJ. Progressive Local Accumulation of Self-Assembled Nanoreactors in a Hydrogel Matrix through Repetitive Injections of ATP. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2010-2018. [PMID: 35061942 PMCID: PMC8815075 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Cellular functions
are regulated with high spatial control through
the local activation of chemical processes in a complex inhomogeneous
matrix. The development of synthetic macroscopic systems with a similar
capacity allows fundamental studies aimed at understanding the relationship
between local molecular events and the emergence of functional properties
at the macroscopic level. Here, we show that a kinetically stable
inhomogeneous hydrogel matrix is spontaneously formed upon the local
injection of ATP. Locally, ATP templates the self-assembly of amphiphiles
into large nanoreactors with a much lower diffusion rate compared
to unassembled amphiphiles. The local depletion of unassembled amphiphiles
near the injection point installs a concentration gradient along which
unassembled amphiphiles diffuse from the surroundings to the center.
This allows for a progressive local accumulation of self-assembled
nanoreactors in the matrix upon repetitive cycles of ATP injection
separated by time intervals during which diffusion of unassembled
amphiphiles takes place. Contrary to the homogeneous matrix containing
the same components, in the inhomogeneous matrix the local upregulation
of a chemical reaction occurs. Depending on the way the same amount
of injected ATP is administered to the hydrogel matrix different macroscopic
distributions of nanoreactors are obtained, which affect the location
in the matrix where the chemical reaction is upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Krishnendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Maria A. Cardona
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
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18
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Exploiting the fundamentals of biological organization for the advancement of biofabrication. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:42-54. [PMID: 34798447 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of biofabrication continues to progress, offering higher levels of spatial control, reproducibility, and functionality. However, we remain far from recapitulating what nature has achieved. Biological systems such as tissues and organs are assembled from the bottom-up through coordinated supramolecular and cellular processes that result in their remarkable structures and functionalities. In this perspective, we propose that incorporating such biological assembling mechanisms within fabrication techniques, offers an opportunity to push the boundaries of biofabrication. We dissect these mechanisms into distinct biological organization principles (BOPs) including self-assembly, compartmentalization, diffusion-reaction, disorder-to-order transitions, and out-of-equilibrium processes. We highlight recent work demonstrating the viability and potential of these approaches to enhance scalability, reproducibility, vascularization, and biomimicry; as well as current challenges to overcome.
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