1
|
Bhusanur DI, More KS, Al Kobaisi M, Singh PK, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly of a Tetraphenylethylene-Naphthalene Diimide Donor-Acceptor Molecule. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301046. [PMID: 38180124 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of new π-conjugated molecular structures with controlled self-assembly and distinct photophysical properties is crucial for advancing applications in optoelectronics and biomaterials. This study introduces the synthesis and detailed self-assembly analysis of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI), a novel donor-acceptor molecular structure referred to as TPE-NDI. The investigation specifically focuses on elucidating the self-assembly behavior of TPE-NDI in mixed solvents of varying polarities, namely chloroform: methylcyclohexane (CHCl3 : MCH) and chloroform: methanol (CHCl3 : MeOH). Employing a several analytical methodologies, including UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), these self-assembled systems have been comprehensively examined. The results reveal that TPE-NDI manifests as distinct particles in CHCl3 : MCH (fMCH =90 %), while transitioning to flower-like assemblies in CHCl3 : MeOH (fMeOH =90 %). This finding underscores the critical role of solvent polarity in dictating the morphological characteristics of TPE-NDI self-assembled aggregates. Furthermore, the study proposes a molecular packing mechanism, based on SEM data, offering significant insights into the design and development of functional supramolecular systems. Such advancements in understanding the molecular self-assembly new π-conjugated molecular structures are anticipated to pave the way for novel applications in material science and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar I Bhusanur
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500 007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201 002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kerba S More
- Department School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, 403 206, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 400 085, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, 400 094, Mumbai, India
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500 007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201 002, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, 585 367, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed R, Manna AK. Understanding High Fluorescence Quantum Yield and Simultaneous Large Stokes Shift in Phenyl Bridged Donor-π-Acceptor Dyads with Varied Bridge Lengths in Polar Solvents. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4221-4229. [PMID: 35737581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of electron donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) dyads for a given pair of D and A highly depend on the π-bridge type and length and also on the solvent polarity. In this work, first-principles calculations with optimally tuned range-separated hybrids are implemented to explore and understand the optical absorption and emission properties of recently synthesized novel D-π-A dyads with 1,2-diphenylphenanthroimidazole (PPI) as D and 1,2,4-triazolopyridine (TP) as A with varied phenyl π-bridge lengths (denoted as PPI-Pn-TP, n = 0-2 considered here) in solvents of different dielectrics. All three D-π-A dyads display almost an unaltered low-lying optical peak position and a red-shifted emission with increasing solvent polarity, corroborating well with the reported experimental observations. The observed emission shift was attributed to the stabilization of an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state by the polar solvent. Contrastingly, our calculations reveal no ICT; rather the shift is essentially originated from the substantial excited-state relaxation involving primarily rotation of the PPI phenyl ring directly linked to the π-bridge, leading to an almost planarized emissive state. Further, the greater frontier molecular orbital delocalization-driven high fluorescence rate together with increased structural rigidity of the emissive state rationalize the observed high fluorescence quantum yield. The present research findings not only are helpful to better understand the reported experimental observations but also show routes to molecularly design functional D-π-A molecules for advanced optoelectronic, sensing, and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raka Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| | - Arun K Manna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517506, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bellotto O, Pierri G, Rozhin P, Polentarutti M, Kralj S, D'Andrea P, Tedesco C, Marchesan S. Dipeptide self-assembly into water-channels and gel biomaterial. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6211-6218. [PMID: 35575102 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptides are convenient building blocks for supramolecular gel biomaterials that can be produced on a large scale at low cost and do not persist in the environment. In the case of unprotected sequences, hydrophobicity is a key requirement to enable gelation, with Phe-Phe standing out for its self-assembling ability. Conversely, more hydrophilic sequences such as homochiral dipeptides Phe-Val and Val-Phe neither fibrillate nor gel aqueous buffers and their crystal structures reveal amphipathic layers. In this work, we test emerging rules for the design of self-assembling dipeptides using heterochiral Phe-Val and Val-Phe. Each dipeptide is characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR, LC-MS, circular dichroism, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, rheology, electron microscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In particular, D-Phe-L-Val is the first heterochiral dipeptide to self-assemble into supramolecular water-channels whose cavity is defined by four peptide molecules arranged head-to-tail. This minimalistic sequence is devoid of amyloid character as probed by thioflavin T fluorescence and it displays excellent biocompatibility in vitro. The dataset provided, through comparison with the literature, significantly advances the definition of molecular design rules for minimalistic unprotected dipeptides that self-assemble into water-channels and biocompatible gels, to assist with the future development of supramolecular biomaterials with fine control over nanomorphological features for a variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bellotto
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- University of Salerno, Dept. of Chemistry & Biologi "A. Zambelli", Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Petr Rozhin
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Slavko Kralj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Materials Synthesis Dept., Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Pharmaceutical Technology Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paola D'Andrea
- University of Trieste, Life Sciences Dept., Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- University of Salerno, Dept. of Chemistry & Biologi "A. Zambelli", Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scarel E, Bellotto O, Rozhin P, Kralj S, Tortora M, Vargiu AV, De Zorzi R, Rossi B, Marchesan S. Single-atom substitution enables supramolecular diversity from dipeptide building blocks. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2129-2136. [PMID: 35179536 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01824h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptides are popular building blocks for supramolecular gels that do not persist in the environment and may find various applications. In this work, we show that a simple substitution on the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine with either fluorine or iodine enables supramolecular diversity upon self-assembly at neutral pH, leading to hydrogels or crystals. Each building block is characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS, circular dichroism, and molecular models. The supramolecular behaviour is monitored with a variety of techniques, including circular dichroism, oscillatory rheology, transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, visible Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron-radiation single-crystal X-ray diffraction and UV Resonance Raman spectroscopy, allowing key differences to be pinpointed amongst the halogenated analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Scarel
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Ottavia Bellotto
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Petr Rozhin
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Materials Synthesis Dept., Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Pharmaceutical Technology Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mariagrazia Tortora
- Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 114 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Attilio V Vargiu
- University of Cagliari, Physics Dept., 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 114 km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- University of Trieste, Chem. Pharm. Sc. Dept., Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|