1
|
Ładosz Ł, Sudoł E, Kozikowska E, Choińska E. Artificial Weathering Test Methods of Waterborne Acrylic Coatings for Steel Structure Corrosion Protection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1857. [PMID: 38673214 PMCID: PMC11052362 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Corrosion protection technologies based on waterborne paints have become increasingly popular as steel structure protection, which implies the need to determine relevant assessment methods considering the conditions of use and product-specific characteristics. This study attempts to evaluate the fitness of standard corrosion protection weathering methods and an original cyclic test for verifying the resistance of waterborne acrylic coatings to environmental conditions. Changes to the properties of artificially weathered coatings were analysed with reference to those observed during exposure in natural conditions. The degree of coating degradation after exposure to neutral salt spray and condensation humidity was determined to significantly exceed the changes observed in natural conditions. An original cyclic test caused changes in the appearance, microstructure, FT-IR spectrum and utility properties of the coatings, such as thickness, colour, hardness, adhesion and impedance, similar to those observed in the natural environment. The results confirm that the programming direction of waterborne coatings artificial weathering tests is adequate and promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ładosz
- Construction Materials Engineering Department, Instytut Techniki Budowlanej, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Sudoł
- Construction Materials Engineering Department, Instytut Techniki Budowlanej, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewelina Kozikowska
- Construction Materials Engineering Department, Instytut Techniki Budowlanej, 00-611 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong J, Wei H, Hao P, Li S, Zhao X, Tang Y, Zuo Y. Study on the Influence of Metal Substrates on Protective Performance of the Coating by EIS. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:378. [PMID: 38255546 PMCID: PMC10821405 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The degradation process of a red iron oxide epoxy coating on three kinds of metals under a periodic cycling exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution (45 °C 12 h + 25 °C 12 h) was comparatively studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The influence of the metal substrates (carbon steel, brass, and Al alloy) on the protection performance of the coating was analyzed using variations in the electrochemical and chemical parameters. The failure criteria of the coating were discussed. The results show that the coating on the three substrates presents different failure times, with the coating on steel presenting the shortest time and the coating on Al alloy the longest time. The characteristics of metal substrates and their corrosion products influence the coating failure behavior. The corrosion products with loose and hygroscopic properties of steel and brass have promoting effects on the diffusion of water through the coating. The passive film of the Al alloy substrate and the formation of salt film containing Cl- have corrosion-inhibiting effects on the substrate. Evaluation of the coating performance by |Z|0.01Hz should consider the characteristics of the metal substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xuhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.G.); (H.W.); (P.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (J.G.); (H.W.); (P.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu S, Liu Y, Chen Q, Yu X, Hyun G, Wang S, Ye Y, Feng J, Chen Z, Jiang F, King J, Li T, Hu L, Liu P. Damage-Tolerant Wood Layers for Corrosion Protection of Metal Structures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:245-253. [PMID: 38157424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically strong and damage-tolerant corrosion protection layers are of great technological importance. However, corrosion protection layers with high modulus (>1.5 GPa) and tensile strength (>100 MPa) are rare. Here, we report that a 130 μm thick densified wood veneer with a Young's modulus of 34.49 GPa and tensile strength of 693 MPa exhibits both low diffusivity for metal ions and the ability of self-recovery from mechanical damage. Densified wood veneer is employed as an intermediate layer to render a mechanically strong corrosion protection structure, referred to as "wood corrosion protection structure", or WCPS. The corrosion rate of low-carbon steel protected by WCPS is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude than state-of-the-art corrosion protection layers during a salt spray test. The introduction of engineered wood veneer as a thin and mechanically strong material points to new directions of sustainable corrosion protection design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicen Yu
- Program of Materials Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qiongyu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- Program of Materials Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gayea Hyun
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuhang Ye
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Program of Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zheng Chen
- Program of Materials Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Program of Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joseph King
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Program of Materials Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Program of Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh N, Batra U, Kumar K, Ahuja N, Mahapatro A. Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys: A critical review towards clinical translation. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:717-757. [PMID: 35633903 PMCID: PMC9117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mg and its alloys evince strong candidature for biodegradable bone implants, cardiovascular stents, and wound closing devices. However, their rapid degradation rate causes premature implant failure, constraining clinical applications. Bio-functional surface coatings have emerged as the most competent strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements, besides yielding effective corrosion resistance. This article reviews the progress of biodegradable and advanced surface coatings on Mg alloys investigated in recent years, aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of coating techniques, processing parameters, performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength, and biocompatibility. Recently developed conversion and deposition type surface coatings are thoroughly discussed by reporting their essential therapeutic responses like osteogenesis, angiogenesis, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, and controlled drug release towards in-vitro and in-vivo study models. The challenges associated with metallic, ceramic and polymeric coatings along with merits and demerits of various coatings have been illustrated. The use of multilayered hybrid coating comprising a unique combination of organic and inorganic components has been emphasized with future perspectives to obtain diverse bio-functionalities in a facile single coating system for orthopedic implant applications. The challenges and current status of coatings are reviewed in light of clinical requirements. Multilayered hybrid coatings have been emphasized to obtain diverse bio-functionalities. The future developments and research directions on coatings for biodegradable implants are highlighted.
Collapse
|
5
|
Junisu BA, Ching-Ya Chang I, Sun YS. Film Instability Induced by Swelling and Drying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13009-13020. [PMID: 36263886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-vinyl pyridine), P2VP, films display a surface pattern of craters in a dried state after being immersed in aqueous solutions containing HAuCl4 and its mixtures with low contents of K2CO3. The morphologies of craters indicate that the formation of craters involves three stages through film blistering and drying: (i) the permeability of water and solutes to swell P2VP films, (ii) partial wetting of liquid droplets near the substrate interface in the presence of the P2VP film, and (iii) evaporation-driven flows. The three stages produce the swelling pressure, Laplace pressure, and interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning effects, respectively, by which craters of different dimensions and morphologies are obtained. The first stage softens the P2VP films and produces swelling pressure. This stage relies on interactions between AuCl4- ions, water, and protonated P2VP chains. The second stage produces liquid droplets inside the film and near the substrate interface. The surface tensions of those liquid droplets at contact lines deform swollen P2VP films. Changing film thicknesses or substrate types alters craters' lateral dimension and depth. The results indicate that film thicknesses and substrate interface energies influence the shape and dimension of liquid droplets on the substrate interface. The third stage determines morphologies of craters through interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning/depinning events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan32001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu M, Yu S, He L, Ni Y. Recent progress on crack pattern formation in thin films. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5906-5927. [PMID: 35920383 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fascinating pattern formation by quasi-static crack growth in thin films has received increasing interest in both interdisciplinary science and engineering applications. The paper mainly reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress on the morphogenesis and propagation of various quasi-static crack patterns in thin films. Several key factors due to changes in loading types and substrate confinement for choosing crack paths toward different patterns are summarized. Moreover, the effect of crack propagation coupled to other competing or coexisting stress-relaxation processes in thin films, such as interface debonding/delamination and buckling instability, on the formation and transition of crack patterns is discussed. Discussions on the sources and changes in the driving force that determine crack pattern evolution may provide guidelines for the reliability and failure mechanism of thin film structures by cracking and for controllable fabrication of various crack patterns in thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Senjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Linghui He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Yong Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|