Accelerated discovery of thermostable high-energy materials with intramolecular donor-acceptor building blocks

Construction of heterocycle-triazolotriazine framework energetic compounds: towards novel high-performance explosives

In this paper, three neutral heterocycle-triazolotriazine compounds featuring multiple amino groups and nitro groups were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 2 and 6 exhibit high detonation performance (Dv = 8180 m s-1, 8650 m s-1; P = 26.40 GPa, 31.5 GPa), low sensitivities (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N) and high thermal stabilities (Td = 319 °C, 320 °C) suggesting their potential as alternatives to the traditional thermal-stable explosive HNS (Dv = 7612 m s-1, P = 24.3 GPa, IS = 5 J, FS = 240 N; Td = 318 °C). Meanwhile, compound 4 displays excellent properties (Dv = 8810 m s-1, IS = 15 J, FS = 240 N, Td = 215 °C, ρ = 1.84 g cm-3) which is superior to traditional explosive RDX (Dv = 8795 m s-1, IS = 7.5 J, FS = 120 N, Td = 208 °C, ρ = 1.80 g cm-3) making it a promising candidate as a novel secondary explosive. This research not only advances the field of triazolotriazine-based energetic materials but also explores their potential applications as heat-resistant or high-energy explosives.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Structure, and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Novel 6-Methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines

We herein disclose the microwave-assisted synthesis of previously unreported 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines, whose purine-like scaffold is promising for drug discovery. The method is simple, fast, and relies on easily accessible reagents such as trimethyl orthoformate, acetic acid, and aminotriazole-derived N,N'-disubstituted formamidines. The preliminary biological evaluation revealed that selected representatives of synthesized 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines dose-dependently reduce the viability of HepG2 and A549 cancer cells having little to no influence on five tested purinergic receptors.

Facile synthesis of thermally stable tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine substituted energetic materials: synthesis and characterization

Various thermally stable energetic materials with high nitrogen content, low sensitivity and better detonation performance were synthesized. The versatile functionalization of 1,2,4-triazine involving the introduction of oxadiazole and tetrazole is discussed. All the compounds were fully characterized using IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Compounds 2, 3, 9 and 12 were further verified using single-crystal X-ray analysis. Compound 9 can be considered a melt-cast explosive due to its lower onset melting temperature (112 °C). The detonation velocity, pressure, density, and heat of formation of all the synthesized compounds range between 7056 and 8212 m s^-1, 17.57 and 23.78 GPa, 1.70 and 1.81 g cm^-1, and 43 and 644 kJ mol^-1, respectively. Due to the high nitrogen percentage (53 to >72%), these molecules can be used in car airbag applications. Due to the high thermal stability (>220 °C) and lower sensitivity, these compounds can be potentially used as high-performing thermally stable secondary energetic materials.

Tri-explosophoric groups driven fused energetic heterocycles featuring superior energetic and safety performances outperforms HMX

The design and synthesis of novel energetic compounds with integrated properties of high density, high energy, good thermal stability and sensitivities is particularly challenging due to the inherent contradiction between energy and safety for energetic compounds. In this study, a novel structure of 4-amino-7,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1-d] [1,2,3,5]-tetrazine 2-oxide (BITE-101) is designed and synthesized in three steps. With the help of the complementary advantages of different explosophoric groups and diverse weak interactions, BITE-101 is superior to the benchmark explosive HMX in all respects, including higher density of 1.957 g·cm-3, highest decomposition temperature of 295 °C (onset) among CHON-based high explosives to date and superior detonation velocity and pressure (D: 9314 m·s-1, P: 39.3 GPa), impact and friction sensitivities (IS: 18 J, FS: 128 N), thereby showing great potential for practical application as replacement for HMX, the most powerful military explosive in current use.