1
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Anraku K, Matsuda K, Miyata S, Ishii H, Hosokai T, Okada S, Nakamura K, Nakao K, Albrecht K. A water-soluble luminescent tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical-carbazole dyad. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6840-6846. [PMID: 38913346 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic luminescent radicals are a new class of materials with potential applications not only in light-emitting devices but also in the biochemistry field. New tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radicals with alkoxy-substituted carbazole donors were synthesized and characterized. PEG-substituted carbazole-TTM was found to be water-soluble. The water-soluble TTM radical aqueous solution showed fluorescence at 777 nm and the ability to shorten the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of water. The concept of water-soluble luminescent radicals is expected to be used to develop a potential fluorescence and MR dual-use imaging moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Anraku
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Matsuda
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Ishii
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takuya Hosokai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakao
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Ken Albrecht
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
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2
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Chang X, Arnold ME, Blinder R, Zolg J, Wischnat J, van Slageren J, Jelezko F, Kuehne AJC, von Delius M. A Stable Chichibabin Diradicaloid with Near-Infrared Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404853. [PMID: 38695271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules with multiple radical centers such as the iconic Chichibabin diradicaloid hold promise as building blocks in materials for quantum sensing and quantum information processing. However, it is a considerable challenge to design simple analogues of the Chichibabin hydrocarbon that are chemically inert, exhibit high diradical character and emit light at a distinct wavelength that may offer an optical readout of the spin state in functional ensembles. Here we describe the serendipitous discovery of the stable TTM-TTM diradicaloid, which exhibits high diradical character, a striking sky-blue color and near-infrared (NIR) emission (in solution). This combination of properties is unique among related diradicaloids and is due to the presence of hydrogen and chlorine atoms in "just the right positions", allowing a perfectly planar, yet predominantly benzenoid bridge to connect the two sterically stabilized radical centers. In-depth studies of the optical and magnetic properties suggest that this structural motif could become a mainstay building block of organic spin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mona E Arnold
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rémi Blinder
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Zolg
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wischnat
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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3
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Zou Y, Yu W, Guo H, Li Q, Li X, Li L, Liu Y, Wang H, Tang Z, Yang S, Chen Y, Qu B, Gao Y, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhang D, Chen Y, Chen Q, Zakeeruddin SM, Peng Y, Zhou H, Gong Q, Wei M, Grätzel M, Xiao L. A crystal capping layer for formation of black-phase FAPbI 3 perovskite in humid air. Science 2024; 385:161-167. [PMID: 38991067 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskites are the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, but water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI3. We show that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility challenge. The conventional coordinative solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) promoted δ-FAPbI3 formation under high relative humidity (RH) conditions because of its hygroscopic nature. We introduced chlorine-containing organic molecules to form a capping layer that blocked moisture penetration while preserving DMSO-based complexes to regulate crystal growth. We report power conversion efficiencies of >24.5% for perovskite solar cells fabricated across an RH range of 20 to 60%, and 23.4% at 80% RH. The unencapsulated device retained 96% of its initial performance in air (with 40 to 60% RH) after 500-hour maximum power point operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yueli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanrun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yingying Peng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Huairou Laboratory, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
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4
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Nakamura K, Matsuda K, Xiaotian R, Furukori M, Miyata S, Hosokai T, Anraku K, Nakao K, Albrecht K. Effects of halogen atom substitution on luminescent radicals: a case study on tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical-carbazole dyads. Faraday Discuss 2024; 250:192-201. [PMID: 37966049 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00130j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of halogen-substitute carbazole TTM radicals was synthesized. The effect of halogen substituents on radical luminescence was systematically evaluated. It was found that the well-known heavy atom effect does not work in the emission of radicals and that halogen substitution of the donor carbazole can change the HOMO and alter the absorption and emission wavelengths. In addition, the photostability was found to be improved with respect to TTM but not significantly different from that of closed-shell fluorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinery Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Matsuda
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinery Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Rui Xiaotian
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinery Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Minori Furukori
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takuya Hosokai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Anraku
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Interdisciplinery Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakao
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Ken Albrecht
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
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5
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Mizuno A, Matsuoka R, Mibu T, Kusamoto T. Luminescent Radicals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1034-1121. [PMID: 38230673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organic radicals are attracting increasing interest as a new class of molecular emitters. They demonstrate electronic excitation and relaxation dynamics based on their doublet or higher multiplet spin states, which are different from those based on singlet-triplet manifolds of conventional closed-shell molecules. Recent studies have disclosed luminescence properties and excited state dynamics unique to radicals, such as highly efficient electron-photon conversion in OLEDs, NIR emission, magnetoluminescence, an absence of heavy atom effect, and spin-dependent and spin-selective dynamics. These are difficult or sometimes impossible to achieve with closed-shell luminophores. This review focuses on luminescent organic radicals as an emerging photofunctional molecular system, and introduces the material developments, fundamental properties including luminescence, and photofunctions. Materials covered in this review range from monoradicals, radical oligomers, and radical polymers to metal complexes with radical ligands demonstrating radical-involved emission. In addition to stable radicals, transiently formed radicals generated in situ by external stimuli are introduced. This review shows that luminescent organic radicals have great potential to expand the chemical and spin spaces of luminescent molecular materials and thus broaden their applicability to photofunctional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asato Mizuno
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuoka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, HayamaKanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takuto Mibu
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, HayamaKanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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6
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Vasiļevska A, Slanina T. Structure-property-function relationships of stabilized and persistent C- and N-based triaryl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:252-264. [PMID: 38086625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Structurally similar C- and N-based triaryl radicals are among the most commonly used structural motifs in stable, open-shell, organic molecules. The application of such species is associated with their stability, properties and structural design. This study summarizes the basic stabilization and persistence principles of C- and N-based triaryl radicals and highlights recent advances in design strategies of radicals tailored for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasiļevska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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7
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Duan J, Shi Y, Zhao F, Li C, Duan Z, Zhang N, Chen P. Chiral Luminescent Aza[7]helicenes Functionalized with a Triarylborane Acceptor and Near-Infrared-Emissive Doublet-State Radicals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15829-15833. [PMID: 37713177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents new chiral luminescent molecules (N7-BMes2 and N7-TTM) using configurationally stable aza[7]helicene (1) as a universal heteroatom-doped chiral scaffold. The respective reactions of electron-donating 1 with a triarylborane acceptor via palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling and with the open-shell doublet-state TTM radical via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SN2Ar) resulted not only in tunable emissions from blue to the NIR domain but also in significantly enhanced emission quantum efficiency up to Φ = 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihua Duan
- Baoshan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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8
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Ma Z, Zhang L, Cui Z, Ai X. Improving the Luminescence and Stability of Carbon-Centered Radicals by Kinetic Isotope Effect. Molecules 2023; 28:4805. [PMID: 37375360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is beneficial to improve the performance of luminescent molecules and relevant light-emitting diodes. In this work, the influences of deuteration on the photophysical property and stability of luminescent radicals are investigated for the first time. Four deuterated radicals based on biphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, and deuterated carbazole were synthesized and sufficiently characterized. The deuterated radicals exhibited excellent redox stability, as well as improved thermal and photostability. The appropriate deuteration of relevant C-H bonds would effectively suppress the non-radiative process, resulting in the increase in photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE). This research has demonstrated that the introduction of deuterium atoms could be an effective pathway to develop high-performance luminescent radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lintao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Ai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
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