1
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Li M, Huang XL, Zhang ZY, Wang Z, Wu Z, Yang H, Shen WJ, Cheng YZ, You SL. Gd(III)-Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective [4 + 2] Photocycloaddition of Naphthalene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16982-16989. [PMID: 38870424 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions have evolved into an efficient strategy for accessing chiral polycyclic and spirocyclic scaffolds from readily available planar aromatics. Despite the significant developments, the CADA reaction of naphthalenes remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report a Gd(III)-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization reaction of naphthalene with a chiral PyBox ligand via visible-light-enabled [4 + 2] cycloaddition. This reaction features application of a chiral Gd/PyBox complex, which regulates the reactivity and selectivity simultaneously, in excited-state catalysis. A wide range of functional groups is compatible with this protocol, giving the highly enantioenriched bridged polycycles in excellent yields (up to 96%) and selectivity (up to >20:1 chemoselectivity, >20:1 dr, >99% ee). The synthetic utility is demonstrated by a 2 mmol scale reaction, removal of directing group, and diversifications of products. Preliminary mechanistic experiments are performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu-Lun Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuo-Yu Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jie Shen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Pérez-Aguilar MC, Entgelmeier LM, Herrera-Luna JC, Daniliuc CG, Consuelo Jiménez M, Pérez-Ruiz R, García Mancheño O. Unlocking Photocatalytic Activity of Acridinium Salts by Anion-Binding Co-Catalysis. Chemistry 2024:e202400541. [PMID: 38739757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The in situ generation of active photoredox organic catalysts upon anion-binding co-catalysis by making use of the ionic nature of common photosensitizers is reported. Hence, the merge of anion-binding and photocatalysis permitted the modulation of the photocatalytic activity of simple acridinium halide salts, building an effective anion-binding - photoredox ion pair complex able to promote a variety of visible light driven transformations, such as anti-Markovnikov addition to olefins, Diels-Alder and the desilylative C-C bond forming reactions. Anion-binding studies, together with steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy analysis, supported the postulated ion pair formation between the thiourea hydrogen-bond donor organocatalyst and the acridinium salt, which proved essential for unlocking the photocatalytic activity of the photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Pérez-Aguilar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas-M Entgelmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jorge C Herrera-Luna
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Current address: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - M Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Xiao Y, Zhao ZY, Kemper S, Irran E, Oestreich M. Enantioselective Dearomatization of Pyridinium Salts by Copper-Catalyzed C4-Selective Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407056. [PMID: 38728222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed C4-selective addition of silicon nucleophiles released from an Si-B reagent to prochiral pyridinium triflates is reported. The dearomatization proceeds with excellent enantioselectivity using Cu(CH3CN)4PF6 as the precatalyst and (R,R)-Ph-BPE (1,2-bis[(2R,5R)-2,5-diphenylphospholan-1-yl]ethane) as the chiral ligand. A carbonyl group at C3 is required for this, likely acting a weak donor group to preorganize and direct the nucleophilic attack towards C4. The resulting 4-silylated 1,4-dihydropyridines can be further converted into functionalized piperidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhao
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Il'in MV, Safinskaya YV, Polonnikov DA, Novikov AS, Bolotin DS. Chalcogen- and Halogen-Bond-Donating Cyanoborohydrides Provide Imine Hydrogenation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2916-2925. [PMID: 38373196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonium, selenonium, telluronium, and iodonium cyanoborohydrides have been synthesized, isolated, and fully characterized by various methods, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules' analysis based on the XRD data indicated that the hydride···σ-hole short contacts observed in the crystal structures of each compound have a purely noncovalent nature. The telluronium and iodonium cyanoborohydrides provide a significantly higher rate of the model reaction of imine hydrogenation compared with sodium and tetrabutylammonium cyanoborohydrides. Based on the NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data indicating that the reaction progress is accompanied by the cation reduction, a mechanism involving intermediate formation of elusive onium hydrides has been proposed as an alternative to conventional electrophilic activation of the imine moiety by its ligation to the cation's σ-hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Il'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Safinskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Denis A Polonnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii S Bolotin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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5
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Song X, Qin W, Wang X, Luo G, Ni Q. Bifunctional Squaramide-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Reaction of Benzothiazoles with 2-Nitroallylic Acetates or Nitroenynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9164-9169. [PMID: 38097282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe here an organocatalytic asymmetric cascade formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition of benzothiazoles with 2-nitroallylic acetates and nitroenynes. This dearomative methodology provided a facile and efficient strategy for the construction of a broad range of valuable benzothiazolopyridines bearing two adjacent stereogenic centers in moderate to good yields with good to excellent stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qijian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China
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7
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Luo J, Luo Z, Zhang B, Zhao Q, Liu L, Liu Y. B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 -Catalyzed [2+3]-Cyclative o,m-diC-H Functionalization of Phenols. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301595. [PMID: 37759356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free catalytic C-H functionalization is highly desired for the construction of C-C bonds. We herein report a highly chemoselective consecutive C-H [2+3]-cyclative functionalization for the simultaneous formation of two C-C bonds with construction of polycyclic phenols catalyzed by commercially available and low-cost B(C6 F5 )3 . This catalytic system tolerates a wide range of substrate scope, providing a series of 2,6,7,8-tetrahydroacenaphthylen-3-ol-type polycyclic compounds efficiently. Several derivatizations of the catalytic products have also been conducted to show the potential application of this method in synthesis of polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhou Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Biqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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Velázquez M, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM, Monge D. Asymmetric Dearomatization of Phthalazines by Anion-Binding Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:8797-8802. [PMID: 38039188 PMCID: PMC10729020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of 1,2-dihydrophthalazines via dearomatization of phthalazines by anion-binding catalysis has been developed. The process involves the Mannich-type addition of silyl ketene acetals to in situ generated N-acylphthalazinium chlorides using a tert-leucine derived thiourea as a H-bond donor catalyst. Ensuing selective and high-yielding transformations provide appealing dihydro- and tetrahydro-phthalazines, phthalazones, and piperazic acid homologues, en route to biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Velázquez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Monge
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Keuper AC, Fengler K, Ostler F, Danelzik T, Piekarski DG, García Mancheño O. Fine-Tuning Substrate-Catalyst Halogen-Halogen Interactions for Boosting Enantioselectivity in Halogen-Bonding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304781. [PMID: 37228095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new approach towards highly enantioselective halogen-bonding catalysis has been developed. To circumvent the intrinsic issues of the nature of the halogen-bond (XB) and the resultant unresolved limitations in asymmetric catalysis, fine-tuned halogen-halogen interactions between the substrate and XB-donor were designed to preorganize the substrate in the catalyst's cavity and boost enantiocontrol. The present strategy exploits both the electron cloud (Lewis base site) and the sigma (σ)-hole site of the halogen substituent of the substrates to form a tight catalyst-substrate-counteranion chiral complex, thus enabling a controlled induction of high levels of chirality transfer. Remarkable enantioselectivities of up to 95 : 5 e.r. (90 % ee) have been achieved in a model dearomatization reaction of halogen-substituted (iso)quinolines with tetrakis-iodotriazole multidentate anion-binding catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica C Keuper
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin Fengler
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Danelzik
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dariusz G Piekarski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Correnstraße 36/40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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