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Liu P, Yang Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Han D, Wu D, Xu C, Wang J. Enhanced carboxylation of furoic salt with CO 2 by ZnCl 2 coordination for efficient production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9130-9138. [PMID: 38739029 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
C-H carboxylation of furoic acid (FA) with CO2 is an atom-efficient strategy to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) from lignocellulose. The existing carbonate-promoted CO2 carboxylation processes rely on the use of large amounts of expensive Cs2CO3 as a deprotonating reagent and molten salt. Substitution of Cs with other cheap and abundant alkali ions (such as K and Na) can reduce the use of Cs, but it faces the problem of a low yield of 2,5-FDCA. This study found that the addition of catalytic amounts of ZnCl2 as a Lewis acid can increase the yield of 2,5-FDCA in the CO2 carboxylation reaction of Na/K-FA in a molten salt reaction system. 1H NMR analysis and DFT calculations confirmed that ZnCl2 coordinates with the furan ring through electron transfer from the conjugated furan ring to Zn2+, thereby activating the H at the C5 position of Na/K-FA. This coordination lengthened the C5-H bond and lowered its heterolytic dissociation energy, making it more susceptible to being deprotonated by CO32- and subsequently carboxylated by CO2. The developed Lewis acid coordination strategy provides a new idea for the efficient construction of C-C bonds between CO2 and aromatics through carbonate-promoted C-H carboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengzeng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Dandan Han
- College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunbao Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Min HY, Xiong JS, Liu TH, Fu S, Hu CW, Yang HQ. Mechanism of CO 2 in promoting the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone catalyzed by RuCl 3 in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14613-14623. [PMID: 38739028 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A Ru-containing complex shows good catalytic performance toward the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) with the assistance of organic base ligands (OBLs) and CO2. Herein, we report the competitive mechanisms for the hydrogenation of LA to GVL, 4-oxopentanal (OT), and 2-methyltetrahydro-2,5-furandiol (MFD) with HCOOH or H2 as the H source catalyzed by RuCl3 in aqueous solution at the M06/def2-TZVP, 6-311++G(d,p) theoretical level. Kinetically, the hydrodehydration of LA to GVL is predominant, with OT and MFD as side products. With HCOOH as the H source, initially, the OBL (triethylamine, pyridine, or triphenylphosphine) is responsible for capturing H+ from HCOOH, leading to HCOO- and [HL]+. Next, the Ru3+ site is in charge of sieving H- from HCOO-, yielding [RuH]2+ hydride and CO2. Alternatively, with H2 as the H source, the OBL stimulates the heterolysis of H-H bond with the aid of Ru3+ active species, producing [RuH]2+ and [HL]+. Toward the [RuH]2+ formation, H2 as the H source exhibits higher activity than HCOOH as the H source in the presence of an OBL. Thereafter, H- in [RuH]2+ gets transferred to the unsaturated C site of ketone carbonyl in LA. Afterwards, the Ru3+ active species is capable of cleaving the C-OH bond in 4-hydroxyvaleric acid, yielding [RuOH]2+ hydroxide and GVL. Subsequently, CO2 promotes Ru-OH bond cleavage in [RuOH]2+, forming HCO3- and regenerating the Ru3+-active species owing to its Lewis acidity. Lastly, between the resultant HCO3- and [HL]+, a neutralization reaction occurs, generating H2O, CO2, and OBLs. Thus, the present study provides insights into the promotive roles of additives such as CO2 and OBLs in Ru-catalyzed hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yun Min
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Shan Xiong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Ting-Hao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Qing Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, P. R. China.
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3
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Carli S, Marchini E, Catani M, Orlandi M, Bazzanella N, Barboni D, Boaretto R, Cavazzini A, Caramori S. Electrocatalytic Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Electrochemical Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10115-10128. [PMID: 38703121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the utilization of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a catalytic material for the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). PEDOT films doped with different counterions were electrodeposited on graphite foil. In particular, the mobile anion perchlorate and the polymeric ionomers polystyrenesulfonate, Nafion, and Aquivion were used. The electrocatalytic properties of PEDOT films were evaluated toward the TEMPO redox mediator in the absence and the presence of HMF as a substrate for oxidation reactions. The electrocatalytic HMF oxidation was confirmed to occur at PEDOT electrodes, and it was also found that the chemical nature of PEDOT counterions controls the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF by modulating the kinetics of the electrochemical generation of the oxoammonium cation TEMPO(+). Potentiostatic electrolysis experiments showed that both the reference graphite electrode and PEDOT substrates were able to convert HMF to FDCA with an 80% faradaic efficiency (FE) and a >90% yield (FDCA), but, compared to graphite, the complete conversion of HMF to FDCA required a ca. 30% shorter time when using PEDOT electrodes doped with perchlorate or Aquivion, thanks to their ability to sustain a higher current density in the initial phase of the electrolysis. In addition, while all PEDOT films were chemically stable under the electrochemical conditions herein described, only PEDOT films doped with Aquivion were also mechanically robust and stable against delamination. Thus, the new PEDOT/Aquivion composite may represent the best choice for the implementation of PEDOT-based electrodes in TEMPO-mediated electrocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Bazzanella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Barboni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics─CREA, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Wang JL, Wu GY, Luo JN, Liu JL, Zhuo CX. Catalytic Intermolecular Deoxygenative Coupling of Carbonyl Compounds with Alkynes by a Cp*Mo(II)-Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5605-5613. [PMID: 38351743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbonyl is highly accessible and acts as an essential functional group in chemical synthesis. However, the direct catalytic deoxygenative functionalization of carbonyl compounds via a putative metal carbene intermediate is a formidable challenge due to the requirement of a high activation energy for the cleavage of strong C═O double bonds. Here, we report a class of bench stable and readily available Cp*Mo(II)-complexes as efficient deoxygenation catalysts that could catalyze the direct intermolecular deoxygenative coupling of carbonyl compounds with alkynes. Enabled by this powerful Cp*Mo(II)-catalyst, various valuable heteroarenes (10 different classes) were obtained in generally good yields and remarkable chemo- and regioselectivities. Mechanistic studies suggested that this reaction might proceed via a sequence of C═O double bonds cleavage, carbene-alkyne metathesis, cyclization, and aromatization processes. This strategy not only provided a general catalytic platform for the rapid preparation of heteroarenes but also opened a new window for the applications of Cp*Mo(II)-catalysts in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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5
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Feng J, Xing Y, Yin C, Tang P, Jiang F. Wholly sustainable graft copolymers derived from cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose for high-performance elastomers, adhesives, and UV-blocking materials. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121606. [PMID: 38142094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable elastomers derived from renewable biobased resources with excellent mechanical properties and varied functions are highly pursued to substitute traditional petroleum-based polymers yet challenging due to their limited macroscopic performance. In this work, we designed a series of wholly biobased cellulose-graft-poly(vanillin acrylate-co-tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate) (Cell-g-P(VA-co-THFA) copolymer elastomers with cellulose as the rigid backbone, sustainable VA derived from lignin and soft THFA derived from hemicellulose as the hard and soft segments in the rubbery side chains. Moreover, the grafted side chains can be cross-linked to introduce an additional dynamic network structure via Schiff-base chemistry between the aldehyde and amino groups. The mechanical properties of Cell-g-P(VA-co-THFA) copolymer elastomers, including tensile strength, extensibility, elasticity, and toughness can be facilely manipulated by the VA/THFA feed ratio, cellulose content, and cross-linking density. These Cell-g-P(VA-co-THFA) copolymer elastomers are thermally stable and possess outstanding adhesion behavior and prominent UV-shielding performance. Besides dramatically enhanced mechanical properties, the cross-linked Cell-g-P(VA-co-THFA) counterparts exhibit remarkable shape memory behavior. This work provides a robust and convenient strategy for developing strong and versatile sustainable elastomers with different application demands by integrating different biomass feedstocks via elaborate molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Feng
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yuxian Xing
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Chuantao Yin
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High Performance Biobased Nylons, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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6
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Kayishaer A, Annatelli M, Hansom CM, Mouterde LMM, Peru AAM, Aricò F, Allais F, Fadlallah S. Green Synthesis of UV-Reactive Polycarbonates from Levoglucosenone and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300483. [PMID: 37876336 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of fully renewable polycarbonates (PCs) starting from cellulose-based platform molecules levoglucosenone (LGO) and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). These unique bio-based PCs are obtained through the reaction of a citronellol-containing triol (Triol-citro) derived from LGO, with a dimethyl carbonate derivative of BHMF (BHMF-DC). Solvent-free polymerizations are targeted to minimize waste generation and promote an eco-friendly approach with a favorable environmental factor (E-factor). The choice of metal catalyst during polymerization significantly influences the polymer properties, resulting in high molecular weight (up to 755 kDa) when Na2 CO3 is employed as an inexpensive catalyst. Characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance confirms the successful incorporation of the furan ring and the retention of the terminal double bond of the citronellol pendant chain. Furthermore, under UV irradiation, the presence of both citronellol and furanic moieties induces singular structural changes, triggering the formation of three distinct structures within the polymer network, a phenomenon herein occurs for the first time in this type of polymer. These findings pave the way to new functional materials prepared from renewable monomers with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihemaiti Kayishaer
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Chloe M Hansom
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
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7
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García-Domínguez J, Carranza M, Jansons E, Carmona AT, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Transferring Substituents from Alkynes to Furans and Pyrroles through Heteronorbornadienes as Intermediates: Synthesis of β-Substituted Pyrroles/Furans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13331-13338. [PMID: 37616527 PMCID: PMC10507663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of 7-oxa/azanorbornadienes as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of 3/4-substituted (β-substituted) furans/pyrroles is presented. The method lies in the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) cycloaddition between a substituted heteronorbornadiene and an electron-poor tetrazine followed by spontaneous fragmentation of the resulting cycloadduct via two retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reactions affording a β-substituted furan/pyrrole. The scope of this tandem iEDDA/rDA/rDA reaction was explored in the preparation of 29 heterocycles. A one-pot procedure starting directly from the alkyne precursors of the heteronorbornadiene intermediates is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edijs Jansons
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T. Carmona
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Qiao J, Liu Z, Mu H, Liu C. Effect of High-Entropy Spinel Ferrite (Mn 0.2Zr 0.2Cu 0.2Ca 0.2Ni 0.2)Fe 2O 4 Doping Concentration on the Ferroelectric Properties of PVDF-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2688. [PMID: 37376335 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based dielectric energy storage materials have the advantages of environmental friendliness, high power density, high operating voltage, flexibility, and being light weight, and have enormous research value in the energy, aerospace, environmental protection, and medical fields. To investigate the magnetic field and the effect of high-entropy spinel ferrite (Mn0.2Zr0.2Cu0.2Ca0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4 nanofibers (NFs) on the structural, dielectric, and energy storage properties of PVDF-based polymers, (Mn0.2Zr0.2Cu0.2Ca0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4 NFs were prepared via the use of electrostatic spinning methods, and (Mn0.2Zr0.2Cu0.2Ca0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4/PVDF composite films were prepared via the use of the coating method. The effects of a 0.8 T parallel magnetic field, induced for 3 min, and the content of high-entropy spinel ferrite on the relevant electrical properties of the composite films are discussed. The experimental results show that, structurally, the magnetic field treatment causes the originally agglomerated nanofibers in the PVDF polymer matrix to form a linear fiber chain with different fiber chains parallel to each other along the magnetic field direction. Electrically, the introduction of the magnetic field enhanced the interfacial polarization, and the (Mn0.2Zr0.2Cu0.2Ca0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4/PVDF composite film with a doping concentration of 10 vol% had a maximum dielectric constant of 13.9, as well as a low energy loss of 0.068. The high-entropy spinel ferrite (Mn0.2Zr0.2Cu0.2Ca0.2Ni0.2)Fe2O4 NFs and the magnetic field influenced the phase composition of the PVDF-based polymer. The α-phase and γ-phase of the cohybrid-phase B1 vol% composite films had a maximum discharge energy density of 4.85 J/cm3 and a charge/discharge efficiency of 43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Qiao
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, No. 199, Fazhan Road, Daqing 163318, China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Suihua University, Suihua 152001, China
| | - Zhaoting Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University Qinhuangdao, No. 550, West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haiwei Mu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, No. 199, Fazhan Road, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, No. 199, Fazhan Road, Daqing 163318, China
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9
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Kinkutu GK, Louis C, Roy M, Blanchard J, Oble J. C3-Alkylation of furfural derivatives by continuous flow homogeneous catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:582-592. [PMID: 37180458 PMCID: PMC10167860 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The C3-functionalization of furfural using homogeneous ruthenium catalysts requires the preinstallation of an ortho-directing imine group, as well as high temperatures, which did not allow scaling up, at least under batch conditions. In order to design a safer process, we set out to develop a continuous flow process specifically for the C3-alkylation of furfural (Murai reaction). The transposition of a batch process to a continuous flow process is often costly in terms of time and reagents. Therefore, we chose to proceed in two steps: the reaction conditions were first optimized using a laboratory-built pulsed-flow system to save reagents. The optimized conditions in this pulsed-flow mode were then successfully transferred to a continuous flow reactor. In addition, the versatility of this continuous flow device allowed both steps of the reaction to be carried out, namely the formation of the imine directing group and the C3-functionalization with some vinylsilanes and norbonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grédy Kiala Kinkutu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM UMR 8232, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS UMR 7197, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Louis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS UMR 7197, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Myriam Roy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM UMR 8232, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Blanchard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS UMR 7197, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Julie Oble
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM UMR 8232, F-75005 Paris, France
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