1
|
D'Abbrunzo I, Birolo R, Chierotti MR, Bučar DK, Voinovich D, Perissutti B, Hasa D. Enantiospecific crystallisation behaviour of malic acid in mechanochemical reactions with vinpocetine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 201:114344. [PMID: 38815873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We report an intriguing example of enantioselectivity in the formation of new multicomponent crystalline solid containing vinpocetine and malic acid. Several experimental data sets confirmed that the multicomponent system presents a clear enantiospecific crystallisation behaviour both in the solid-state and in solution: only the system consisting of vinpocetine and L-malic acid produces a free-flowing solid consisting of a new crystalline form, while the experiments with D-malic acid produced an amorphous and often deliquescent material. The new vinpocetine-L-malic system crystallizes in the monoclinic space group of P21 and in a 1:1 molar ratio, where the two molecules are linked through intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the asymmetric unit. The vinpocetine-DL-malic system was partially crystalline (with also traces of unreacted vinpocetine) with diffraction peaks corresponding to those of vinpocetine-L-malic acid. Solid-state NMR experiments revealed strong ionic interactions in all the three systems. However, while vinpocetine-L-malic acid system was a pure and crystalline phase, the other two systems persistently showed the presence of unreacted vinpocetine. This resulted in a significant worsening of the dissolution profile with respect to the pure vinpocetine-L-malic crystalline salt, whose dissolution kinetics appeared superior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia D'Abbrunzo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca Birolo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mirocki A, Lopresti M, Palin L, Conterosito E, Sikorska E, Sikorski A, Milanesio M. Crystallization from solution versus mechanochemistry to obtain double-drug multicomponent crystals of ethacridine with salicylic/acetylsalicylic acids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1834. [PMID: 38246926 PMCID: PMC10800331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salicylic and acetylsalicylic acids and ethacridine have complementary bioactive properties. They can be combined to obtain double-drug multicomponent crystals. Their reactivity in different environments was explored to obtain the possible compounds, stable at different hydration degrees. Solution, liquid-assisted grinding, and dry preparation approaches were applied to the couples of reactants in different stoichiometric ratios. Four compounds were obtained, and three out of them were stable and reproducible enough to determine their structures using SCXRD or PXRD methods. When coupled to ethacridine, salicylic acid gave two stable structures (1 and 3, both showing 1:1 ratio but different hydration degree) and a metastable one (5), while acetylsalicylic acid only one structure from solution (2 in 1:1 ratio), while LAG caused hydrolysis and formation of the same compound obtained by LAG of ethacridine with salicylic acid. While solution precipitation gave dihydrated (1) or monohydrated (2) structures with low yields, LAG of salicylic acid and ethacridine allowed obtaining an anhydrous salt complex (3) with a yield close to 1. The structures obtained by solution crystallizations maximize π(acridine)-π(acridine) contacts with a less compact packing, while the LAG structure is more compact with a packing driven by hydrogen bonds. For all compounds, NMR, ATR-FTIR, and Hirshfeld surface analysis and energy framework calculations were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mirocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mattia Lopresti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Luca Palin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Nova Res s.r.l., Via D. Bello 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Conterosito
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Piazza Sant'Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wohlgemuth M, Schmidt S, Mayer M, Pickhardt W, Grätz S, Borchardt L. Milling Medium-Free Suzuki Coupling by Direct Mechanocatalysis: From Mixer Mills to Resonant Acoustic Mixers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301714. [PMID: 37503657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development of a sustainable and cost-effective approach for catalytic cross-coupling reactions in mechanochemistry. It is found that the substrate's impact with the vessel wall alone is sufficient to initiate the reaction, thus indicating that milling balls function primarily as a mixing agent for direct mechanocatalytic Suzuki coupling. The absence of milling balls can be offset by adjusting the rheology using liquid-assisted grinding (LAG). The LAG sweet spot of 0.25 μL mg-1 is confirmed for both resonance acoustic mixers (RAMs) and ball-free mixer mills, and is higher than in the presence of milling balls. RAMs exhibit excellent performance in the Suzuki reaction, achieving yields of 90 % after 60 min and complete conversion after 90 min. The longevity of the milling vessel is significantly improved in a RAM, allowing for at least 20 reactions without deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wohlgemuth
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maike Mayer
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wilm Pickhardt
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lennox CB, Borchers TH, Gonnet L, Barrett CJ, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Friščić T. Direct mechanocatalysis by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). Chem Sci 2023; 14:7475-7481. [PMID: 37449073 PMCID: PMC10337763 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a metal surface to directly catalyse copper-catalysed alkyne-azide click-coupling (CuAAC) reactions under the conditions of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) - a recently introduced and scalable mechanochemical methodology that uniquely eliminates the need for bulk solvent, as well as milling media. By using a simple copper coil as a catalyst, this work shows that direct mechanocatalysis can occur in an impact-free environment, relying solely on high-speed mixing of reagents against a metal surface, without the need for specially designed milling containers and media. By introducing an experimental setup that enables real-time Raman spectroscopy monitoring of RAM processes, we demonstrate 0th-order reaction kinetics for several selected CuAAC reactions, supporting surface-based catalysis. The herein presented RAM-based direct mechanocatalysis methodology is simple, enables the effective one-pot, two-step synthesis of triazoles via a combination of benzyl azide formation and CuAAC reactions on a wide scope of reagents, provides control over reaction stoichiometry that is herein shown to be superior to that seen in solution or by using more conventional CuCl catalyst, and is applied for simple gram-scale synthesis of the anticonvulsant drug Rufinamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Lori Gonnet
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc. One DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3H 0B8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effaty F, Gonnet L, Koenig SG, Nagapudi K, Ottenwaelder X, Friščić T. Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) for efficient mechanoredox catalysis without grinding or impact media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1010-1013. [PMID: 36546478 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) enables mechanoredox catalysis with BaTiO3 as the piezoelectric catalyst on model diazonium coupling reactions. RAM proceeds without formal grinding or impact media, is faster than the analogous ball-milling strategy, and is readily scalable. X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy indicate that reusability of BaTiO3 as a mechanoredox catalyst under ball-milling or RAM might be limited by boration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Effaty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lori Gonnet
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|