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Lin L, Zhu R, Li W, Dong G, You H. The Shape Effect of Acoustic Micropillar Array Chips in Flexible Label-Free Separation of Cancer Cells. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:421. [PMID: 38675233 PMCID: PMC11052022 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The precise isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples is a potent tool for cancer diagnosis and clinical prognosis. However, CTCs are present in extremely low quantities in the bloodstream, posing a significant challenge to their isolation. In this study, we propose a non-contact acoustic micropillar array (AMPA) chip based on acoustic streaming for the flexible, label-free capture of cancer cells. Three shapes of micropillar array chips (circular, rhombus, and square) were fabricated. The acoustic streaming characteristics generated by the vibration of microstructures of different shapes are studied in depth by combining simulation and experiment. The critical parameters (voltage and flow rate) of the device were systematically investigated using microparticle experiments to optimize capture performance. Subsequently, the capture efficiencies of the three micropillar structures were experimentally evaluated using mouse whole blood samples containing cancer cells. The experimental results revealed that the rhombus microstructure was selected as the optimal shape, demonstrating high capture efficiency (93%) and cell activity (96%). Moreover, the reversibility of the acoustic streaming was harnessed for the flexible release and capture of cancer cells, facilitating optical detection and analysis. This work holds promise for applications in monitoring cancer metastasis, bio-detection, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.Z.); (W.L.); (G.D.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Rongxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.Z.); (W.L.); (G.D.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.Z.); (W.L.); (G.D.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.Z.); (W.L.); (G.D.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Hui You
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (R.Z.); (W.L.); (G.D.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Nanning 530003, China
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Bai C, Tang X, Li Y, Arai T, Huang Q, Liu X. Acoustohydrodynamic micromixers: Basic mixing principles, programmable mixing prospectives, and biomedical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021505. [PMID: 38659428 PMCID: PMC11037935 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acoustohydrodynamic micromixers offer excellent mixing efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and flexible controllability compared with conventional micromixers. There are two mechanisms in acoustic micromixers: indirect influence by induced streamlines, exemplified by sharp-edge micromixers, and direct influence by acoustic waves, represented by surface acoustic wave micromixers. The former utilizes sharp-edge structures, while the latter employs acoustic wave action to affect both the fluid and its particles. However, traditional micromixers with acoustic bubbles achieve significant mixing performance and numerous programmable mixing platforms provide excellent solutions with wide applicability. This review offers a comprehensive overview of various micromixers, elucidates their underlying principles, and explores their biomedical applications. In addition, advanced programmable micromixing with impressive versatility, convenience, and ability of cross-scale operations is introduced in detail. We believe this review will benefit the researchers in the biomedical field to know the micromixers and find a suitable micromixing method for their various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Pelenis D, Vanagas G, Barauskas D, Dzikaras M, Mikolajūnas M, Viržonis D. Acoustic Streaming Efficiency in a Microfluidic Biosensor with an Integrated CMUT. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051012. [PMID: 37241635 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of microchannel height on acoustic streaming velocity and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) cell damping was investigated. Microchannels with heights ranging from 0.15 to 1.75 mm were used in experiments, and computational microchannel models with heights varying from 10 to 1800 micrometers were simulated. Both simulated and measured data show local minima and maxima of acoustic streaming efficiency associated with the wavelength of the `bulk acoustic wave excited at 5 MHz frequency. Local minima occur at microchannel heights that are multiples of half the wavelength (150 μm), which are caused by destructive interference between excited and reflected acoustic waves. Therefore, microchannel heights that are not multiples of 150 μm are more favorable for higher acoustic streaming effectiveness since destructive interference decreases the acoustic streaming effectiveness by more than 4 times. On average, the experimental data show slightly higher velocities for smaller microchannels than the simulated data, but the overall observation of higher streaming velocities in larger microchannels is not altered. In additional simulation, at small microchannel heights (10-350 μm), local minima at microchannel heights that are multiples of 150 μm were observed, indicating the interference between excited and reflected waves and causing acoustic damping of comparatively compliant CMUT membranes. Increasing the microchannel height to over 100 μm tends to eliminate the acoustic damping effect as the local minima of the CMUT membrane swing amplitude approach the maximum value of 42 nm, which is the calculated amplitude of the freely swinging membrane under the described conditions. At optimum conditions, an acoustic streaming velocity of over 2 mm/s in a 1.8 mm-high microchannel was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Pelenis
- Panevėžys Faculty of Technologies and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, 37164 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Gailius Vanagas
- Panevėžys Faculty of Technologies and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, 37164 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Dovydas Barauskas
- Panevėžys Faculty of Technologies and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, 37164 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Dzikaras
- Panevėžys Faculty of Technologies and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, 37164 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Marius Mikolajūnas
- Panevėžys Faculty of Technologies and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, 37164 Panevėžys, Lithuania
| | - Darius Viržonis
- Panevėžys Faculty of Technologies and Business, Kaunas University of Technology, 37164 Panevėžys, Lithuania
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