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Di Chio C, Starvaggi J, Totaro N, Previti S, Natale B, Cosconati S, Bogacz M, Schirmeister T, Legac J, Rosenthal PJ, Zappalà M, Ettari R. Development of Novel Peptidyl Nitriles Targeting Rhodesain and Falcipain-2 for the Treatment of Sleeping Sickness and Malaria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4410. [PMID: 38673995 PMCID: PMC11050014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, neglected tropical diseases and poverty-related diseases have become a serious health problem worldwide. Among these pathologies, human African trypanosomiasis, and malaria present therapeutic problems due to the onset of resistance, toxicity problems and the limited spectrum of action. In this drug discovery process, rhodesain and falcipain-2, of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum, are currently considered the most promising targets for the development of novel antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial agents, respectively. Therefore, in our study we identified a novel lead-like compound, i.e., inhibitor 2b, which we proved to be active against both targets, with a Ki = 5.06 µM towards rhodesain and an IC50 = 40.43 µM against falcipain-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Josè Starvaggi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Noemi Totaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Benito Natale
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (B.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (B.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Marta Bogacz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße, 10, DE 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
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Ashirbaev SS, Brás NF, Frei P, Liu K, Moser S, Zipse H. Redox-Mediated Amination of Pyrogallol-Based Polyphenols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303783. [PMID: 38029366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are known to covalently modify amyloidogenic peptides by amination reactions. The underlying coupling process between polyphenols and N-nucleophiles is assessed by several in vitro and in silico approaches. The coupling reaction involves a sequence of oxidative dearomatization, amination, and reductive amination (ODARA) reaction steps. The C6-regioselectivity of the product is confirmed by crystallographic analysis. Under aqueous conditions, the reaction of baicalein with lysine derivatives yields C-N coupling as well as hydrolysis products of transient imine intermediates. The observed C-N coupling reactions work best for flavonoids combining a pyrogallol substructure with an electron-withdrawing group attached to the C4a-position. Thermodynamic properties such as bond dissociation energies also highlight the key role of pyrogallol units for the antioxidant ability. Combining the computed electronic properties and in vitro antioxidant assays suggests that the studied pyrogallol-containing flavonoids act by various radical-scavenging mechanisms working in synergy. Multivariate analysis indicates that a small number of descriptors for transient intermediates of the ODARA process generates a model with excellent performance (r=0.93) for the prediction of cross-coupling yields. The same model has been employed to predict novel antioxidant flavonoid-based molecules as potential covalent inhibitors, opening a new avenue to the design of therapeutically relevant anti-amyloid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salavat S Ashirbaev
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Natércia F Brás
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Frei
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kuangjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Moser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-13, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Degotte G, Frederich M, Francotte P, Franck T, Colson T, Serteyn D, Mouithys-Mickalad A. Targeting Myeloperoxidase Activity and Neutrophil ROS Production to Modulate Redox Process: Effect of Ellagic Acid and Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114516. [PMID: 37298992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a Plasmodium genus parasite that remains the most widespread parasitosis. The spread of Plasmodium clones that are increasingly resistant to antimalarial molecules is a serious public health problem for underdeveloped countries. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic approaches is necessary. For example, one strategy could consist of studying the redox process involved in the development of the parasite. Regarding potential drug candidates, ellagic acid is widely studied due to its antioxidant and parasite-inhibiting properties. However, its low oral bioavailability remains a concern and has led to pharmacomodulation and the synthesis of new polyphenolic compounds to improve antimalarial activity. This work aimed at investigating the modulatory effect of ellagic acid and its analogues on the redox activity of neutrophils and myeloperoxidase involved in malaria. Overall, the compounds show an inhibitory effect on free radicals as well as on the enzyme horseradish peroxidase- and myeloperoxidase (HRP/MPO)-catalyzed oxidation of substrates (L-012 and Amplex Red). Similar results are obtained with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phorbol 12-mystate acetate (PMA)-activated neutrophils. The efficiency of ellagic acid analogues will be discussed in terms of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Degotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Veterinary, Equine Clinic, Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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