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Zhang Z, Hu X, Qiu S, Su J, Bai R, Zhang J, Tian W. Boron-Nitrogen-Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Controllable Hierarchical Self-Assemblies through Synergistic Cation-π and C-H···π Interactions for Bifunctional Photo- and Electro-Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38602776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Boron-Nitrogen-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BN-PAHs) as novel π-conjugated systems have attracted immense attention owing to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, constructing long-range ordered supramolecular assemblies based on BN-PAHs remains conspicuously scarce, primarily attributed to the constraints arising from coordinating multiple noncovalent interactions and the intrinsic characteristics of BN-PAHs, which hinder precise control over delicate self-assembly processes. Herein, we achieve the successful formation of BN-PAH-based controllable hierarchical assemblies through synergistically leveraged cation-π and C-H···π interactions. By carefully adjusting the solvent conditions in two progressive assembly hierarchies, the one-dimensional (1D) supramolecular assemblies with "rigid yet flexible" assembled units are first formed by cation-π interactions, and then they can be gradually fused into two-dimensional (2D) structures under specific C-H···π interactions, thus realizing the precise control of the transformation process from BN-PAH-based 1D primary structures to 2D higher-order assemblies. The resulting 2D-BNSA, characterized by enhanced electrical conductivity and ordered 2D layered structure, provides anchoring and dispersion sites for loading two appropriate nanocatalysts, thus facilitating the efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction (with a remarkable CH4 evolution rate of 938.7 μmol g-1 h-1) and electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation (reaching a Faradaic efficiency for ethylene up to 98.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Junlong Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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2
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Campbell AD, Ellis K, Gordon LK, Riley JE, Le V, Hollister KK, Ajagbe SO, Gozem S, Hughley RB, Boswell AM, Adjei-Sah O, Baruah PD, Malone R, Whitt LM, Gilliard RJ, Saint-Louis CJ. Solvatochromic and Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Nitrophenyl-Substituted Pyrrolidinone-Fused-1,2-Azaborine with a Pre-Twisted Molecular Geometry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:13740-13751. [PMID: 38855717 PMCID: PMC11160477 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc03278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Boron-nitrogen-containing heterocycles with extended conjugated π-systems such as polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines, hold the fascination of organic chemists due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the majority of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines aggregate at high concentrations or in the solid-state, resulting in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of emission. This practical limitation poses significant challenges for polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines' use in many applications. Additionally, only a few solvatochromic polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines have been reported and they all display minimal solvatochromism. Therefore, the scope of available polycyclic 1,2-azaborines needs to be expanded to include those displaying fluorescence at high concentration and in the solid-state as well as those that exhibit significant changes in emission intensity in various solvents due to different polarities. To address the ACQ issue, we evaluate the effect of a pre-twisted molecular geometry on the optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines. Specifically, three phenyl-substituted pyrrolidinone-fused 1,2-azaborines (PFAs) with similar structures and functionalized with diverse electronic moieties (-H, -NO2, -CN, referred to as PFA 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were experimentally and computationally studied. Interestingly, PFA 2 displays two distinct emission properties: 1) solvatochromism, in which its emission and quantum yields are tunable with respect to solvent polarity, and 2) fluorescence that can be completely "turned off" and "turned on" via aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This report provides the first example of a polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborine that displays both AIE and solvatochromism properties in a single BN-substituted backbone. According to time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations, the fluorescence properties of PFA 2 can be explained by the presence of a low-lying n-π* charge transfer state inaccessible to PFA 1 or PFA 3. These findings will help in the design of future polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines that are solvatochromic and AIE-active as well as in understanding how molecular geometry affects these compounds' optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Kaia Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Lyric K Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Janiyah E Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - VuongVy Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Stephen O Ajagbe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Robert B Hughley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Adeline M Boswell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ophelia Adjei-Sah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Prioska D Baruah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ra'Nya Malone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Logan M Whitt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Carl Jacky Saint-Louis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
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3
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Zhang J, Li W, Lyu L, Wei Q, Meng Y, Li D, Wang Z, Luo M, Du S, Xu X, Zhang X, Xie G, Ge Z. Pioneering research on blue "hot exciton" polymers and their application in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3582-3588. [PMID: 37310703 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00676j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An innovative novel category of polymeric hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) blue materials prepared via solution processing has yet to be reported. This study introduces three polymers, namely PZ1, PZ2, and PZ3, incorporating donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structures with carbazole functioning as the donor and benzophenone as the acceptor. To regulate the luminescence mechanism and conjugation length, carbonyl and alkyl chains are strategically inserted into the backbone. Theoretical calculation and transient absorption spectroscopy illustrate that the robust spin-orbit coupling between high-lying singlet excited states (Sm: m ⩽ 4) and triplet excited states (Tn: n ⩽ 7) of the polymers hastens and significantly heightens the efficiency of reverse intersystem crossing processes from Tn states. Furthermore, the existence of multiple degenerated frontier molecular orbits and significant overlaps between Tn and Sm states give rise to added radiative pathways that boost the radiative rate. This study marks a fundamental and initial manifestation of HLCT materials within the polymer field and provides a new avenue for the design of highly efficient polymeric emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Lyu
- Ningbo Dayang Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Songyu Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- Ningbo Dayang Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Kalluvettukuzhy NK, Sudhakar P, Eyyathiyil J, Hara N, Imai Y, Thilagar P. Chiral B-N AIEgens: Intense Blue Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Piezochromism. Org Lett 2023; 25:6067-6071. [PMID: 37540142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a new class of blue circularly polarized luminescent emitters based on tetraarylaminoborane (TAAB) with considerable dissymmetry factor in the solid state. The chiral pendant 1-phenylethylamine in BN-RR and BN-SS imparts chirality to the core chromophore, resulting in circularly polarized luminescence signals (glum = 0.8 × 10-3) with a quantum yield of 33% in the crystalline state. This novel set of compounds also showcases intriguing thermally reversible piezochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena K Kalluvettukuzhy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Pagidi Sudhakar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Jusaina Eyyathiyil
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Nobuyuki Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 560012, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 560012, Japan
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Ahmed R, Manna AK. Electronic Structures and Charge Mobilities of Several Regioisomeric B 2N 2-Substituted Perylenediimides. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2742-2750. [PMID: 36921232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c09106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunable and rich electronic properties of perylenediimide (PDI), an n-type semiconductor together with its synthetic ease and processibility, make it suitable for various optoelectronic and field-effect transistor applications. The electronic structures, spectroscopic properties, and charge mobilities for a few isoelectronic BN-substituted PDIs (B2N2-PDIs) with varied BN-patterning are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT employing optimally tuned range-separated hybrid. Two substitutional doping patterns, namely, BNNB and NBBN with zero dipole and also BNBN, the one with a finite dipole, are considered to explore the changes in the PDI properties due to different B2N2-substitutions. All three B2N2-PDIs are found to be dynamically stable and lie within a small energy window of ca. ∼1.7 kcal mol-1. An increased electronic gap due to charge localization produces a similar but slightly blue-shifted low-lying optical peak compared to the pristine PDI, in good agreement with the experimental observations. Additionally, differently considered BN patterns result in only slightly varied charge mobilities due to mainly differences in electronic couplings with larger electron mobilities found for the experimentally synthesized BNNB-PDI crystal. On the other hand, small reorganization energy and relatively large coupling for the hole transport produce greater hole mobilities for the NBBN-PDI. Varied nuclear reorganization and electronic coupling are understood by analyzing Huang-Rhys factors associated with normal modes and frontier molecular orbitals, respectively. These results serve as complementary to understanding the recently reported experimental findings and also provide new insights into the impact of different BN patterns on modulating the PDI electronic and charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raka Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India
| | - Arun K Manna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences & Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India
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Hempe M, Kukhta NA, Danos A, Batsanov AS, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Is There Evidence Beyond Reasonable Doubt? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8221-8227. [PMID: 36007139 PMCID: PMC9465681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding between donor and acceptor segments in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is now frequently employed to─purportedly─rigidify the structure and improve the emission performance of these materials. However, direct evidence for these intramolecular interactions is often lacking or ambiguous, leading to assertions that are largely speculative. Here we investigate a series of TADF-active materials incorporating pyridine, which bestows the potential ability to form intramolecular H-bonding interactions. Despite possible indications of H-bonding from an X-ray analysis, an array of other experimental investigations proved largely inconclusive. Instead, after examining computational potential energy surfaces of the donor-acceptor torsion angle we conclude that the pyridine group primarily alleviates steric congestion in our case, rather than enabling an H-bond interaction as elsewhere assumed. We suggest that many previously reported "H-bonding" TADF materials featuring similar chemical motifs may instead operate similarly and that investigation of potential energy surfaces should become a key feature of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hempe
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Nadzeya A. Kukhta
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew Danos
- Physics
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Andrei S. Batsanov
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Monkman
- Physics
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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