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Peveler WJ. Food for Thought: Optical Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning for the Food and Beverage Industry. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1656-1665. [PMID: 38598846 PMCID: PMC11059098 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Arrays of cross-reactive sensors, combined with statistical or machine learning analysis of their multivariate outputs, have enabled the holistic analysis of complex samples in biomedicine, environmental science, and consumer products. Comparisons are frequently made to the mammalian nose or tongue and this perspective examines the role of sensing arrays in analyzing food and beverages for quality, veracity, and safety. I focus on optical sensor arrays as low-cost, easy-to-measure tools for use in the field, on the factory floor, or even by the consumer. Novel materials and approaches are highlighted and challenges in the research field are discussed, including sample processing/handling and access to significant sample sets to train and test arrays to tackle real issues in the industry. Finally, I examine whether the comparison of sensing arrays to noses and tongues is helpful in an industry defined by human taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Peveler
- School
of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ U.K.
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2
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Fan J, Zhu R, Han W, Han H, Ding L. A multi-wavelength cross-reactive fluorescent sensor ensemble for fingerprinting flavonoids in serum and urine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123893. [PMID: 38290284 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a kind of natural polyphenols which are closely related to human health, and the identification of flavonoids with similar structures is an important but difficult issue. We herein easily constructed a powerful fluorescent sensor ensemble by using surfactant cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) encapsulating two commercially available fluorescent probes (F1 and F2) with multi-wavelength emission. Fluorescence measurements illustrate the present sensor ensemble exhibits turn-off responses to flavones and flavonols but ratiometric responses to isoflavones, owing to different FRET processes. The heat map and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results show that this single sensor can effectively distinguish 6 flavonoids belong to three subgroups by collecting the fluorescence variation at four typical wavelengths. Moreover, it can be applied to identify different flavonoids even in biofluids like serum and urine, providing potential practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China.
| | - Ruitao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Hongfei Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China.
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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3
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Wei D, Zhang H, Tao Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Deng C, Xu R, Zhu N, Lu Y, Zeng K, Yang Z, Zhang Z. Dual-Emission Single Sensing Element-Assembled Fluorescent Sensor Arrays for the Rapid Discrimination of Multiple Surfactants in Environments. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4987-4996. [PMID: 38466896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Surfactants are considered as typical emerging pollutants, their extensive use of in disinfectants has hugely threatened the ecosystem and human health, particularly during the pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), whereas the rapid discrimination of multiple surfactants in environments is still a great challenge. Herein, we designed a fluorescent sensor array based on luminescent metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66-NH2@Au NCs) for the specific discrimination of six surfactants (AOS, SDS, SDSO, MES, SDBS, and Tween-20). Wherein, UiO-66-NH2@Au NCs were fabricated by integrating UiO-66-NH2 (2-aminoterephthalic acid-anchored-MOFs based on zirconium ions) with gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), which exhibited a dual-emission features, showing good luminescence. Interestingly, due to the interactions of surfactants and UiO-66-NH2@Au NCs, the surfactants can differentially regulate the fluorescence property of UiO-66-NH2@Au NCs, producing diverse fluorescent "fingerprints", which were further identified by pattern recognition methods. The proposed fluorescence sensor array achieved 100% accuracy in identifying various surfactants and multicomponent mixtures, with the detection limit in the range of 0.0032 to 0.0315 mM for six pollutants, which was successfully employed in the discrimination of surfactants in real environmental waters. More importantly, our findings provided a new avenue in rapid detection of surfactants, rendering a promising technique for environmental monitoring against trace multicontaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wei
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Tao
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chunmeng Deng
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rongfei Xu
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nuanfei Zhu
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kun Zeng
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Milton Keynes MK43 0AL, U.K
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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4
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Song W, Zhai X, Shi J, Zou X, Xue Y, Sun Y, Sun W, Zhang J, Huang X, Li Z, Shen T, Li Y, Zhou C, Holmes M, Gong Y, Povey M. A ratiometric fluorescence amine sensor based on carbon quantum dot-loaded electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride film for visual monitoring of food freshness. Food Chem 2024; 434:137423. [PMID: 37713758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on dual-emission carbon quantum dots (CQD) was developed to real time monitor food spoilage. Two hydrophobic electrospun fluorescent films were developed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the film-forming polymer in combination with CQD as the fluorescent probe. The CQD/PVDF film and CQD@PVDF film enabled the analysis of TMA with limits of detection (LODs) of 1.04 μM and 2.1 μM, respectively, and they exhibited excellent stability at 4 °C. By these virtues, the CQD@PVDF film exhibited visible fluorescence color changes from yellow green to blue by real time and nondestructively sensing volatile amines generated from beef, pork and shrimp in a packaging system with high humidity. This strategy provided a simple but useful, non-destructive, robust, and platform to real time monitor food spoilage for intelligent food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Modern Agriculture and Health Care Industry, Wencheng 325300, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuhong Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Melvin Holmes
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yunyun Gong
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Povey
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agro-products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Kumar A, Chae PS. A Naphthoquinoline-Dione-Based Cu 2+ Sensing Probe with Visible Color Change and Fluorescence Quenching in an Aqueous Organic Solution. Molecules 2024; 29:808. [PMID: 38398561 PMCID: PMC10891706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper metal ions (Cu2+) are widely used in various industries, and their salts are used as supplementary components in agriculture and medicine. As this metal ion is associated with various health issues, it is necessary to detect and monitor it in environmental and biological samples. In the present report, we synthesized a naphthoquinoline-dione-based probe 1 containing three ester groups to investigate its ability to detect metal ions in an aqueous solution. Among various metal ions, probe 1 showed a vivid color change from yellow to colorless in the presence of Cu2+, as observed by the naked eye. The ratiometric method using the absorbance ratio (A413/A476) resulted in a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 µM for Cu2+. In addition, the intense yellow-green fluorescence was quenched upon the addition of Cu2+, resulting in a calculated LOD of 5 nM. Thus, probe 1 has the potential for dual response toward Cu2+ detection through color change and fluorescence quenching. 1H-NMR investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate 1:1 binding of the metal ion to the small cavity of the probe comprising four functional groups: the carbonyl group of the amide (O), the amino group (N), and two t-butyl ester groups (O). When adsorbed onto various solid surfaces, such as cotton, silica, and filter paper, the probe showed effective detection of Cu2+ via fluorescence quenching. Probe 1 was also useful for Cu2+ sensing in environmental samples (sea and drain water) and biological samples (live HeLa cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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Che H, Tian X, Guo F, Nie Y, Dai C, Li Y, Lu L. Enhancement of the Peroxidase Activity of g-C 3N 4 with Different Morphologies for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Antibiotics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12550-12556. [PMID: 37550863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The classes and forms of antibiotics directly determine their ecotoxicity and environmental chemical behavior, and developing a sensor array for simultaneous and in situ detection of antibiotics is highly anticipated. In this study, different morphologies of g-C3N4 with different fluorescence properties and peroxidase activity were prepared by regulating the degree of interlayer stacking and planar connectivity. Subsequently, in order to enhance its enzyme activity and amplify the differences in response signals to different antibiotics, three morphologies of g-C3N4/MIL-101(Fe) were prepared by in situ growth of equivalent amounts of MIL-101(Fe) on g-C3N4, respectively. The sensor array constructed based on the cross-response signals between g-C3N4/MIL-101(Fe) and antibiotics not only realized the simultaneous detection of quinolones, furans, tetracyclines, and lincomamides but also could efficiently identify their seven different forms. In the range of 0.2-0.8 ppm, the minimum detection limit for antibiotics was 12 ppb. In addition, the recovery experiments of multicomponent-mixed antibiotics in environmental samples show that the recovery rate remained at 91.42-107.59%, confirming the reliability and practicality of the sensor array. This study not only revealed the influence of crystal morphology regulation on the optical properties and enzyme activities of nanozymes, but also provided support for tracing, ecological remediation, and in situ environmental chemical behavior research of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Che
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xike Tian
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yulun Nie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chu Dai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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