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Nain A, Chakraborty S, Barman SR, Gavit P, Indrakumar S, Agrawal A, Lin ZH, Chatterjee K. Progress in the development of piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue remodeling. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122528. [PMID: 38522326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric biomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in the past few decades to heal damaged tissue and restore cellular functionalities. Herein, we discuss the role of bioelectricity in tissue remodeling and explore ways to mimic such tissue-like properties in synthetic biomaterials. In the past decade, biomedical engineers have adopted emerging functional biomaterials-based tissue engineering approaches using innovative bioelectronic stimulation protocols based on dynamic stimuli to direct cellular activation, proliferation, and differentiation on engineered biomaterial constructs. The primary focus of this review is to discuss the concepts of piezoelectric energy harvesting, piezoelectric materials, and their application in soft (skin and neural) and hard (dental and bone) tissue regeneration. While discussing the prospective applications as an engineered tissue, an important distinction has been made between piezoceramics, piezopolymers, and their composites. The superiority of piezopolymers over piezoceramics to circumvent issues such as stiffness mismatch, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are highlighted. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the field and identify opportunities for the future to develop clinically relevant and state-of-the-art biomaterials for personalized and remote health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Nain
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Srishti Chakraborty
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Snigdha Roy Barman
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik Gavit
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India; School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sushma Indrakumar
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh Agrawal
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipe, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India; Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Edwards TR, Shankar R, Smith PGH, Cross JA, Lequeux ZAB, Kemp LK, Qiang Z, Iacano ST, Morgan SE. β-Phase Crystallinity, Printability, and Piezoelectric Characteristics of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/Cyclopentyl-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (Cp-POSS) Melt-Compounded Blends. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:5803-5813. [PMID: 38807951 PMCID: PMC11129178 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a semicrystalline polymer that exhibits unique piezoelectric characteristics along with good chemical resistance and high thermal stability. Layer-based material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing of PVDF is desired to create complex structures with piezoelectric properties; however, the melt processing of PVDF typically directs the formation of the α crystalline allomorph, which does not contribute to the piezoelectric response. In this work, PVDF was compounded with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and cyclopentyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Cp-POSS) nanostructured additives in binary and ternary blends to improve MEX printability while maintaining piezoelectric performance. Overall crystallinity and β phase content were evaluated and quantified using a combination of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Enhancement of MEX printability was measured by quantifying the interlayer adhesion and warpage of printed parts. All blends studied contained a significant percentage of β allomorph, but it could be detected by ATR-FTIR only after the removal of a thin surface layer. Inclusion of 1% Cp-POSS and up to 10% PMMA in blends with PVDF improved interlayer adhesion (2.3-3.6x) and lowered warpage of MEX printed parts compared to neat PVDF. The blend of 1% Cp-POSS/1% PMMA/PVDF was demonstrated to significantly improve the quality of MEX printed parts while showing similar piezoelectric performance to that of neat PVDF (average piezoelectric coefficient 24 pC/N). MEX printing of PVDF blends directly into usable parts with significant piezoelectric performance while reducing the challenges of printing the semicrystalline polymer opens the potential for application in a number of high value sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby R. Edwards
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Rahul Shankar
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Paul G. H. Smith
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jacob A. Cross
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Zoe A. B. Lequeux
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Lisa K. Kemp
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Scott T. Iacano
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Fairchild Drive, Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840, United States
| | - Sarah E. Morgan
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University
of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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3
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Ge C, Cretu E. Polymeric piezoelectric accelerometers with high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, and low noise density for organic electronics and wearable microsystems. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 38751997 PMCID: PMC11093978 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric accelerometers excel in vibration sensing. In the emerging trend of fully organic electronic microsystems, polymeric piezoelectric accelerometers can be used as vital front-end components to capture dynamic signals, such as vocal vibrations in wearable speaking assistants for those with speaking difficulties. However, high-performance polymeric piezoelectric accelerometers suitable for such applications are rare. Piezoelectric organic compounds such as PVDF have inferior properties to their inorganic counterparts such as PZT. Consequently, most existing polymeric piezoelectric accelerometers have very unbalanced performance metrics. They often sacrifice resonance frequency and bandwidth for a flat-band sensitivity comparable to those of PZT-based accelerometers, leading to increased noise density and limited application potentials. In this study, a new polymeric piezoelectric accelerometer design to overcome the material limitations of PVDF is introduced. This new design aims to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, and low noise. Five samples were manufactured and characterized, demonstrating an average sensitivity of 29.45 pC/g within a ± 10 g input range, a 5% flat band of 160 Hz, and an in-band noise density of 1.4 µg/Hz . These results surpass those of many PZT-based piezoelectric accelerometers, showing the feasibility of achieving comprehensively high performance in polymeric piezoelectric accelerometers to increase their potential in novel applications such as organic microsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ge
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Edmond Cretu
- The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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4
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Wang N, Zhang H, Qiu X, Gerhard R, van Turnhout J, Cressotti J, Zhao D, Tang L, Cao Y. Recent Advances in Ferroelectret Fabrication, Performance Optimization, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400657. [PMID: 38719210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for wearable devices has sparked a significant interest in ferroelectret films. They possess flexibility and exceptional piezoelectric properties due to strong macroscopic dipoles formed by charges trapped at the interface of their internal cavities. This review of ferroelectrets focuses on the latest progress in fabrication techniques for high temperature resistant ferroelectrets with regular and engineered cavities, strategies for optimizing their piezoelectric performance, and novel applications. The charging mechanisms of bipolar and unipolar ferroelectrets with closed and open-cavity structures are explained first. Next, the preparation and piezoelectric behavior of ferroelectret films with closed, open, and regular cavity structures using various materials are discussed. Three widely used models for predicting the piezoelectric coefficients (d33) are outlined. Methods for enhancing the piezoelectric performance such as optimized cavity design, utilization of fabric electrodes, injection of additional ions, application of DC bias voltage, and synergy of foam structure and ferroelectric effect are illustrated. A variety of applications of ferroelectret films in acoustic devices, wearable monitors, pressure sensors, and energy harvesters are presented. Finally, the future development trends of ferroelectrets toward fabrication and performance optimization are summarized along with its potential for integration with intelligent systems and large-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningzhen Wang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xunlin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Reimund Gerhard
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jan van Turnhout
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Cressotti
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Tang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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5
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Montorsi M, Zavagna L, Scarpelli L, Azimi B, Capaccioli S, Danti S, Labardi M. Piezoelectric Yield of Single Electrospun Poly(acrylonitrile) Ultrafine Fibers Studied by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Numerical Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1305. [PMID: 38794498 PMCID: PMC11125114 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative converse piezoelectric coefficient (d33) mapping of polymer ultrafine fibers of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), as well as of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a reference material, obtained by rotating electrospinning, was carried out by piezoresponse force microscopy in the constant-excitation frequency-modulation mode (CE-FM-PFM). PFM mapping of single fibers reveals their piezoelectric activity and provides information on its distribution along the fiber length. Uniform behavior is typically observed on a length scale of a few micrometers. In some cases, variations with sinusoidal dependence along the fiber are reported, compatibly with a possible twisting around the fiber axis. The observed features of the piezoelectric yield have motivated numerical simulations of the surface displacement in a piezoelectric ultrafine fiber concerned by the electric field generated by biasing of the PFM probe. Uniform alignment of the piezoelectric axis along the fiber would comply with the uniform but strongly variable values observed, and sinusoidal variations were occasionally found on the fibers laying on the conductive substrate. Furthermore, in the latter case, numerical simulations show that the piezoelectric tensor's shear terms should be carefully considered in estimations since they may provide a remarkably different contribution to the overall deformation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Montorsi
- CNR-IPCF, Pisa Unit, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Lorenzo Zavagna
- PEGASO Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Scarpelli
- CNR-IPCF, Pisa Unit, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering (DICI), University of Pisa, Largo Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Molecular Medical Surgical Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF, Pisa Unit, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (S.D.)
- CISUP, Center for Instrumentation Sharing of the University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- CNR-IPCF, Pisa Unit, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering (DICI), University of Pisa, Largo Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Center for Instrumentation Sharing of the University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Pisa Unit, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.); (S.C.); (S.D.)
- CISUP, Center for Instrumentation Sharing of the University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Almohammed S, Finlay A, Duleba D, Cosgrave S, Johnson R, Rodriguez BJ, Rice JH. Piezoelectric Peptide Nanotube Substrate Sensors Activated through Sound Wave Energy. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2024; 6:1863-1869. [PMID: 38726043 PMCID: PMC11077579 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of sustainable and safe materials is increasingly in demand for the creation of photonic-based technology. Piezoelectric peptide nanotubes make up a class of safe and sustainable materials. We show that these materials can generate piezoelectric charge through the deformation of oriented molecular dipoles when the tube length is flexed through the application of sound energy. Through the combination of peptide nanotubes with plasmon active nanomaterials, harvesting of low-frequency acoustic sound waves was achieved. This effect was applied to boost surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal detection of analytes, including glucose. This work demonstrates the potential of utilizing sound to boost sensing by using piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Almohammed
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Allan Finlay
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Dominik Duleba
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Shane Cosgrave
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Robert Johnson
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - James H. Rice
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
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7
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Fan W, Lei R, Dou H, Wu Z, Lu L, Wang S, Liu X, Chen W, Rezakazemi M, Aminabhavi TM, Li Y, Ge S. Sweat permeable and ultrahigh strength 3D PVDF piezoelectric nanoyarn fabric strain sensor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3509. [PMID: 38664454 PMCID: PMC11045766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial wearable piezoelectric sensors possess excellent anti-interference stability due to their electronic packaging. However, this packaging renders them barely breathable and compromises human comfort. To address this issue, we develop a PVDF piezoelectric nanoyarns with an ultrahigh strength of 313.3 MPa, weaving them with different yarns to form three-dimensional piezoelectric fabric (3DPF) sensor using the advanced 3D textile technology. The tensile strength (46.0 MPa) of 3DPF exhibits the highest among the reported flexible piezoelectric sensors. The 3DPF features anti-gravity unidirectional liquid transport that allows sweat to move from the inner layer near to the skin to the outer layer in 4 s, resulting in a comfortable and dry environment for the user. It should be noted that sweating does not weaken the piezoelectric properties of 3DPF, but rather enhances. Additionally, the durability and comfortability of 3DPF are similar to those of the commercial cotton T-shirts. This work provides a strategy for developing comfortable flexible wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ruixin Lei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Dou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weichun Chen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Institute of Flexible electronics and Intelligent Textile, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, India and Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Srinivasaraghavan Govindarajan R, Ren Z, Melendez I, Boetcher SKS, Madiyar F, Kim D. Polymer Nanocomposite Sensors with Improved Piezoelectric Properties through Additive Manufacturing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2694. [PMID: 38732799 PMCID: PMC11086213 DOI: 10.3390/s24092694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has recently seen increased utilization due to its versatility in using functional materials, offering a new pathway for next-generation conformal electronics in the smart sensor field. However, the limited availability of polymer-based ultraviolet (UV)-curable materials with enhanced piezoelectric properties necessitates the development of a tailorable process suitable for 3D printing. This paper investigates the structural, thermal, rheological, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of a newly developed sensor resin material. The polymer resin is based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a matrix, mixed with constituents enabling UV curability, and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are added to form a nanocomposite resin. The results demonstrate the successful micro-scale printability of the developed polymer and nanocomposite resins using a liquid crystal display (LCD)-based 3D printer. Additionally, incorporating BNNTs into the polymer matrix enhanced the piezoelectric properties, with an increase in the voltage response by up to 50.13%. This work provides new insights for the development of 3D printable flexible sensor devices and energy harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zefu Ren
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA; (R.S.G.); (Z.R.)
| | - Isabel Melendez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA; (I.M.); (S.K.S.B.)
| | - Sandra K. S. Boetcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA; (I.M.); (S.K.S.B.)
| | - Foram Madiyar
- Department of Physical Science, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Daewon Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA; (R.S.G.); (Z.R.)
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9
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Roshan U, Mudugamuwa A, Cha H, Hettiarachchi S, Zhang J, Nguyen NT. Actuation for flexible and stretchable microdevices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2146-2175. [PMID: 38507292 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable microdevices incorporate highly deformable structures, facilitating precise functionality at the micro- and millimetre scale. Flexible microdevices have showcased extensive utility in the fields of biomedicine, microfluidics, and soft robotics. Actuation plays a critical role in transforming energy between different forms, ensuring the effective operation of devices. However, when it comes to actuating flexible microdevices at the small millimetre or even microscale, translating actuation mechanisms from conventional rigid large-scale devices is not straightforward. The recent development of actuation mechanisms leverages the benefits of device flexibility, particularly in transforming conventional actuation concepts into more efficient approaches for flexible devices. Despite many reviews on soft robotics, flexible electronics, and flexible microfluidics, a specific and systematic review of the actuation mechanisms for flexible and stretchable microdevices is still lacking. Therefore, the present review aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art actuation mechanisms for flexible and stretchable microdevices. We elaborate on the different actuation mechanisms based on fluid pressure, electric, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical sources, thoroughly examining and comparing the structure designs, characteristics, performance, advantages, and drawbacks of these diverse actuation mechanisms. Furthermore, the review explores the pivotal role of materials and fabrication techniques in the development of flexible and stretchable microdevices. Finally, we summarise the applications of these devices in biomedicine and soft robotics and provide perspectives on current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uditha Roshan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Amith Mudugamuwa
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Samith Hettiarachchi
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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10
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Das R, Le D, Kan HM, Le TT, Park J, Nguyen TD, Lo KWH. Osteo-inductive effect of piezoelectric stimulation from the poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299579. [PMID: 38412168 PMCID: PMC10898771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric biomaterials can generate piezoelectrical charges in response to mechanical activation. These generated charges can directly stimulate bone regeneration by triggering signaling pathway that is important for regulating osteogenesis of cells seeded on the materials. On the other hand, mechanical forces applied to the biomaterials play an important role in bone regeneration through the process called mechanotransduction. While mechanical force and electrical charges are both important contributing factors to bone tissue regeneration, they operate through different underlying mechanisms. The utilizations of piezoelectric biomaterials have been explored to serve as self-charged scaffolds which can promote stem cell differentiation and the formation of functional bone tissues. However, it is still not clear how mechanical activation and electrical charge act together on such a scaffold and which factors play more important role in the piezoelectric stimulation to induce osteogenesis. In our study, we found Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)-based piezoelectric scaffolds with higher piezoelectric charges had a more pronounced osteoinductive effect than those with lower charges. This provided a new mechanistic insight that the observed osteoinductive effect of the piezoelectric PLLA scaffolds is likely due to the piezoelectric stimulation they provide, rather than mechanical stimulation alone. Our findings provide a crucial guide for the optimization of piezoelectric material design and usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritopa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Duong Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Health System, Hanoi, Vietnam, United States of America
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Thinh T. Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Institute of Materials Science (IMS), University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Kevin W.-H. Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Institute of Materials Science (IMS), University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
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11
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Zhang C, Kwon SH, Dong L. Piezoelectric Hydrogels: Hybrid Material Design, Properties, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310110. [PMID: 38329191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels show great potential in biomedical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility, high water content, and resemblance to the extracellular matrix. However, they lack self-powering capabilities and often necessitate external stimulation to initiate cell regenerative processes. In contrast, piezoelectric materials offer self-powering potential but tend to compromise flexibility. To address this, creating a novel hybrid biomaterial of piezoelectric hydrogels (PHs), which combines the advantageous properties of both materials, offers a systematic solution to the challenges faced by these materials when employed separately. Such innovative material system is expected to broaden the horizons of biomedical applications, such as piezocatalytic medicinal and health monitoring applications, showcasing its adaptability by endowing hydrogels with piezoelectric properties. Unique functionalities, like enabling self-powered capabilities and inducing electrical stimulation that mimics endogenous bioelectricity, can be achieved while retaining hydrogel matrix advantages. Given the limited reported literature on PHs, here recent strategies concerning material design and fabrication, essential properties, and distinctive applications are systematically discussed. The review is concluded by providing perspectives on the remaining challenges and the future outlook for PHs in the biomedical field. As PHs emerge as a rising star, a comprehensive exploration of their potential offers insights into the new hybrid biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07114, USA
| | - Sun Hwa Kwon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07114, USA
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07114, USA
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12
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Mahmoud MA, Alsehli BR, Alotaibi MT, Hosni M, Shahat A. A comprehensive review on the application of semiconducting materials in the degradation of effluents and water splitting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3466-3494. [PMID: 38141122 PMCID: PMC10794432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review article, we delve into the critical intersection of environmental science and materials science. The introduction sets the stage by emphasizing the global water shortage crisis and the dire consequences of untreated effluents on ecosystems and human health. As we progress into the second section, we embark on an intricate exploration of piezoelectric and photocatalytic principles, illuminating their significance in wastewater treatment and sustainable energy production. The heart of our review is dedicated to a detailed analysis of the detrimental impacts of effluents on human health, underscoring the urgency of effective treatment methods. We dissected three key materials in the realm of piezo-photocatalysis: ZnO-based materials, BaTiO3-based materials, and bismuth-doped materials. Each material is scrutinized for its unique properties and applications in the removal of pollutants from wastewater, offering a comprehensive understanding of their potential to address this critical issue. Furthermore, our exploration extends to the realm of hydrogen production, where we discuss various types of hydrogen and the role of piezo-photocatalysis in generating clean and sustainable hydrogen. By illuminating the synergistic potential of these advanced materials and technologies, we pave the way for innovative solutions to the pressing challenges of water pollution and renewable energy production. This review article not only serves as a valuable resource for researchers and scholars in the fields of material science and environmental engineering but also underscores the pivotal role of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing complex global issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed A Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
| | - Bandar R Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hosni
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shahat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt.
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13
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Casal D, Casimiro MH, Ferreira LM, Leal JP, Rodrigues G, Lopes R, Moura DL, Gonçalves L, Lago JB, Pais D, Santos PMP. Review of Piezoelectrical Materials Potentially Useful for Peripheral Nerve Repair. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3195. [PMID: 38137416 PMCID: PMC10740581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has increasingly been recognized that electrical currents play a pivotal role in cell migration and tissue repair, in a process named "galvanotaxis". In this review, we summarize the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of electric stimulation (ES) in the physiology of peripheral nerve repair (PNR). Moreover, we discuss the potential of piezoelectric materials in this context. The use of these materials has deserved great attention, as the movement of the body or of the external environment can be used to power internally the electrical properties of devices used for providing ES or acting as sensory receptors in artificial skin (e-skin). The fact that organic materials sustain spontaneous degradation inside the body means their piezoelectric effect is limited in duration. In the case of PNR, this is not necessarily problematic, as ES is only required during the regeneration period. Arguably, piezoelectric materials have the potential to revolutionize PNR with new biomedical devices that range from scaffolds and nerve-guiding conduits to sensory or efferent components of e-skin. However, much remains to be learned regarding piezoelectric materials, their use in manufacturing of biomedical devices, and their sterilization process, to fine-tune their safe, effective, and predictable in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Casal
- Departamento de Anatomia, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.G.); (D.P.)
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua José António Serrano, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Casimiro
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (M.H.C.); (P.M.P.S.)
| | - Luís M. Ferreira
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - João Paulo Leal
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal;
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais (cE3c) & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Maternidade Alfredo da Costa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, R. Viriato 1, 2890-495 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Diogo Lino Moura
- Anatomy Institute and Orthopedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Spine Unit, Orthopedics Department, Coimbra University Hospital, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Gonçalves
- Departamento de Anatomia, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.G.); (D.P.)
| | - João B. Lago
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Diogo Pais
- Departamento de Anatomia, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Pedro M. P. Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (M.H.C.); (P.M.P.S.)
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14
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Xin W, He Z, Zhao C. Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Dual-Cantilever Piezoelectric Film Sensor with a Broadband Response and High Sensitivity. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2108. [PMID: 38004964 PMCID: PMC10673016 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Cantilever-beam-type PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) piezoelectric film sensors are commonly utilized for vibration signal detection due to their simple structures and ease of processing. Traditional cantilevered PVDF piezoelectric film sensors are susceptible to the influence of the second-order vibration mode and have a low lateral stress distribution at the free end, which limit their measurement bandwidth and sensitivity. This study is on the design of a dual-cantilever PVDF piezoelectric film sensor based on the principle of cantilevered piezoelectric film sensors. The results of the experiments indicate that, compared to a typical single-arm piezoelectric cantilever beam vibration sensor, the developed sensor has a longer second-order natural frequency that ranges from 112 Hz to 453 Hz, while the first-order natural frequency is maintained at around 12 Hz. This leads to a better ratio of the second-order natural frequency to the first-order natural frequency and a wider frequency response range. At the same time, the sensitivity is increased by a factor of 3.48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.H.); (C.Z.)
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15
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Umesh, Bera S, Bhattacharya S. Dual Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) and Piezoelectric Responses in Self-Assembled Chiral Nanostructures Derived from a Dipeptide Based Piezorganogel. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308104. [PMID: 37955918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation medical and consumer electrical devices require soft, flexible materials. Piezoelectric materials, capable of converting mechanical stress into electrical energy, are of interest across various fields. Chiral nanostructures, with inherent chirality, have emerged as potential piezoelectric materials. Peptide-based materials, known for self-assembly and stimuli responsiveness, hold promise for the utilization of chiral nanostructures. When combined with luminescent chromophores, peptides can generate aggregation-induced chiroptical effects like Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) and Circular Dichroism (CD). In this study, a chiral organogel, L,L-1 is synthesized, and its self-assembly, mechanical properties, and chiroptical features are examined. The organogel exhibits thermo-reversible and thixotropic behavior, forming fibrillar networks and 2D-sheets upon cooling. CD spectroscopy reveals aggregation-induced chirality on pyrene chromophore, resulting in CPL with glum values of 3.0 (± 0.2) × 10-3 and 3.1 (± 0.2) × 10-3 for L,L-1 and D,D-1, respectively. Notably, the 2D-sheets exhibit an enhanced piezoelectric response (d33 ≈76.0 pm V-1 ) compared to the fibrillar network (d33 ≈64.1 pm V-1 ). Introducing an electron-deficient molecule into the solution forms a Charge-transfer (CT) complex, modulating the piezoelectric response to d33 ≈52.44 pm V-1 . This study offers a promising approach to optoelectronics design, presenting a chiral system with both CPL and piezoelectric responses, opening new possibilities for innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sayan Bera
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, 517619, India
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16
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Tariq A, Behravesh AH, Utkarsh, Rizvi G. Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Electrospinning for Improved Morphology and Enhanced β-Phase in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4344. [PMID: 38006068 PMCID: PMC10674670 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of PVDF-based nanofiber mats with enhanced β-phase using electrospinning and post processing was optimized using Taguchi design methodology. The parameters studied include the concentration of PVDF in the DMF (Dimethylformamide) solvent, applied voltage, flow rate, and drum speed. A reliable statistical model was obtained for the fabrication of bead-free PVDF nanofibers with a high fraction of β-phase (F(β)%). The validity of this model was verified through comprehensive regression analysis. The optimized electrospinning parameters were determined to be a 23 wt% PVDF solution, 20 kV voltage, a flow rate of 1 mL/h, and a drum speed of 1200 revolutions per minute.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ghaus Rizvi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
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17
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Bößl F, Brandani S, Menzel VC, Rhodes M, Tovar-Oliva MS, Kirk C, Tudela I. Synergistic sono-adsorption and adsorption-enhanced sonochemical degradation of dyes in water by additive manufactured PVDF-based materials. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106602. [PMID: 37741021 PMCID: PMC10523274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study proposes the first mechanistic model accounting for the most meaningful physico-chemical phenomena taking place in liquid phase adsorption processes under ultrasound. Initially, this study was aimed at developing an easy-to-make and easy-to-recover piezocatalyst for the degradation of RhB in water by combining the high piezocatalytical performance of BaTiO3 with a compatible piezoelectric support such as PVDF, manufactured by a customised additive manufacturing - direct ink writing system with in-situ poling. However, initial results showed that the resulting PVDF-BaTiO3 composite slabs performed worse than BaTiO3 piezocatalysts on their own, and that poling did not have any effect on their performance (82% RhB removal after 2 h when using either poled or unpoled PVDF-BaTiO3 composite slabs compared to 92% RhB removal after 2 h in presence of BaTiO3 piezocatalysts). Further investigation with pure PVDF materials demonstrated that, instead of piezocatalysis, synergistic ultrasound-assisted adsorption and sonochemical degradation were taking place, enabling the removal of >95% of the dye within 40 min of ultrasound treatment in the presence of 4 g L-1 of additive manufactured PVDF slabs. The results of this study and their evaluation with the mechanistic model proposed for liquid phase adsorption under ultrasound suggest that the adsorption of RhB on additive manufactured PVDF slabs was enhanced by the structure, higher specific surface ratio and higher volume of mesopores achieved through the 3D-printing process, as well as the minimisation of film resistance to mass transport due to ultrasound. Moreover, adsorption on additive manufactured PVDF enhanced the sonochemical degradation of the dye due to its high concentration in the adsorbed phase. This study demonstrates that adsorption processes, especially in the presence of PVDF materials, may be significantly more important in piezocatalysis than what has been reported to date, to the point that the synergistic combination of sono-adsorption and sonochemical degradation in presence of additive-manufactured PVDF slabs may be enough to achieve high removal rates of dyes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bößl
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; Edinburgh Electrochemical Engineering Group (e3 Group), The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK.
| | - Stefano Brandani
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Valentin C Menzel
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; Edinburgh Electrochemical Engineering Group (e3 Group), The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Matilda Rhodes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mayra S Tovar-Oliva
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; Edinburgh Electrochemical Engineering Group (e3 Group), The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Caroline Kirk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Ignacio Tudela
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK; Edinburgh Electrochemical Engineering Group (e3 Group), The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK.
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18
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Shaker A, Khedewy AT, Hassan MA, El-Baky MAA. Thermo-mechanical characterization of electrospun polyurethane/carbon-nanotubes nanofibers: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17368. [PMID: 37833445 PMCID: PMC10575888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating ultrathin, mountable fibers from a wide range of polymeric functional materials has made electrospinning an adequate approach to producing highly flexible and elastic materials. In this paper, electrospinning was utilized to produce thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibrous membranes for the purpose of studying their thermal and mechanical properties. Towards a study of the effects of fiber orientation and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a filler on both mechanical and thermal characteristics of electrospun TPU mats, an experimental comparison was held between unidirectional and randomly aligned TPU and TPU/MWCNTs nanofibrous structures. The incorporation of MWCNTs into randomly oriented TPU nanofibers resulted in a significant increase in Young's modulus (E), from 3.9 to 7.5 MPa. On the other hand, for unidirectionally spun fibers, Young's modulus increased from 17.1 to 18.4 MPa upon the addition of MWCNTs. However, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a different behavior. The randomly oriented specimens exhibited a storage modulus with a significant increase from 180 to 614 MPa for TPU and TPU/MWCNTs mats, respectively, and a slight increase from 119 to 143 MPa for unidirectional TPU and TPU/MWCNTs mats, respectively. Meanwhile, the loss modulus increased with the addition of MWCNTs from 15.7 to 58.9 MPa and from 6.4 to 12 MPa for the random and aligned fibers, respectively. The glass transition values for all the mats fell in the temperature range of - 60 to - 20 °C. The thermal degradation of the membranes was not significantly affected by the addition of MWCNTs, indicating that the mixing of the two constituents did not change the TPU's polymer structure and that the TPU/MWCNTs nanocomposite exhibited stable thermal degradation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaker
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Amira T Khedewy
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Abd El-Baky
- Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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19
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Huang S, Gao Y, Hu Y, Shen F, Jin Z, Cho Y. Recent development of piezoelectric biosensors for physiological signal detection and machine learning assisted cardiovascular disease diagnosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29174-29194. [PMID: 37818271 PMCID: PMC10561672 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As cardiovascular disease stands as a global primary cause of mortality, there has been an urgent need for continuous and real-time heart monitoring to effectively identify irregular heart rhythms and to offer timely patient alerts. However, conventional cardiac monitoring systems encounter challenges due to inflexible interfaces and discomfort during prolonged monitoring. In this review article, we address these issues by emphasizing the recent development of the flexible, wearable, and comfortable piezoelectric passive sensor assisted by machine learning technology for diagnosis. This innovative device not only harmonizes with the dynamic mechanical properties of human skin but also facilitates continuous and real-time collection of physiological signals. Addressing identified challenges and constraints, this review provides insights into recent advances in piezoelectric cardiac sensors, from devices to circuit systems. Furthermore, this review delves into the integration of machine learning technologies, showcasing their pivotal role in facilitating continuous and real-time assessment of cardiac status. The synergistic combination of flexible piezoelectric sensor design and machine learning holds substantial potential in automating the detection of cardiac irregularities with minimal human intervention. This transformative approach has the power to revolutionize patient care paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Huang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yujia Gao
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yian Hu
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Fengyi Shen
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhangsiyuan Jin
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yuljae Cho
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Minhang District Shanghai 200240 China
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20
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Cheng WH, Wu PL, Huang HH. Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Piezoelectric Fiber Glass/Carbon Hybrid Self-Sensing Composites for Structural Health Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3813. [PMID: 37112153 PMCID: PMC10146493 DOI: 10.3390/s23083813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) micro-nanocomposite membrane was fabricated through electrospinning technology and was employed in the fabrication of a fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminate. Some glass fibers were replaced with carbon fibers to serve as electrodes in the sensing layer, and the PVDF/GNP micro-nanocomposite membrane was embedded in the laminate to confer multifunctional piezoelectric self-sensing ability. The self-sensing composite laminate has both favorable mechanical properties and sensing ability. The effects of different concentrations of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and GNPs on the morphology of PVDF fibers and the β-phase content of the membrane were investigated. PVDF fibers containing 0.05% GNPs were the most stable and had the highest relative β-phase content; these fibers were embedded in glass fiber fabric to prepare the piezoelectric self-sensing composite laminate. To test the laminate's practical application, four-point bending and low-velocity impact tests were performed. The results revealed that when damage occurred during bending, the piezoelectric response changed, confirming that the piezoelectric self-sensing composite laminate has preliminary sensing performance. The low-velocity impact experiment revealed the effect of impact energy on sensing performance.
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21
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Yu Q, Shi W, Li S, Liu H, Zhang J. Emerging Advancements in Piezoelectric Nanomaterials for Dynamic Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073170. [PMID: 37049933 PMCID: PMC10095813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, having spurred researchers to explore effective therapeutic strategies for several centuries. Although efficacious, conventional chemotherapy usually introduces various side effects, such as cytotoxicity or multi−drug resistance. In recent decades, nanomaterials, possessing unique physical and chemical properties, have been used for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Dynamic therapies, which can kill target cells using reactive oxygen species (ROS), are promising for tumor treatment, as they overcome the drawbacks of chemotherapy methods. Piezoelectric nanomaterials, featuring a unique property to convert ultrasound vibration energy into electrical energy, have also attracted increasing attention in biomedical research, as the piezoelectric effect can drive chemical reactions to generate ROS, leading to the newly emerging technique of ultrasound−driven tumor therapy. Piezoelectric materials are expected to bring a better solution for efficient and safe cancer treatment, as well as patient pain relief. In this review article, we highlight the most recent achievements of piezoelectric biomaterials for tumor therapy, including the mechanism of piezoelectric catalysis, conventional piezoelectric materials, modified piezoelectric materials and multifunctional piezoelectric materials for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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22
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Sasmal A, Senthilnathan J, Arockiarajan A, Yoshimura M. Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Incorporated Highly Polar PVDF for Dielectric Energy Storage and Mechanical Energy Harvesting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1098. [PMID: 36985992 PMCID: PMC10058605 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduce a 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) into the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix, which has been comparatively less explored in this field. Highly 2D Ni-MOF has been synthesized in this regard via hydrothermal route and has been incorporated into PVDF matrix via solvent casting technique with ultralow filler (0.5 wt%) loading. The polar phase percentage of 0.5 wt% Ni-MOF loaded PVDF film (NPVDF) has been found to be increased to ~85% from a value of ~55% for neat PVDF. The ultralow filler loading has inhibited the easy breakdown path along with increased dielectric permittivity and hence has enhanced the energy storage performance. On the other hand, significantly enriched polarity and Young's Modulus has helped in improving its mechanical energy harvesting performance, thereby enhancing the human motion interactive sensing activities. The piezoelectric and piezo-tribo hybrid devices made up of NPVDF film have shown improved output power density of ~3.26 and 31 μW/cm2 compared to those of the piezoelectric and piezo-tribo hybrid devices comprising of neat PVDF (output power density ~0.6 and 17 μW/cm2, respectively). The developed composite can thus be considered an excellent candidate for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sasmal
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jaganathan Senthilnathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunachalakasi Arockiarajan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Centre of Excellence in Ceramics Technologies for Futuristic Mobility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masahiro Yoshimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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