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Liang X, Xia H, Xiang J, Wang F, Ma J, Zhou X, Wang H, Liu X, Zhu Q, Lin H, Pan J, Yuan M, Li G, Hu H. Facile Tailoring of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Driven Enhancement in Perovskite Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307476. [PMID: 38445968 PMCID: PMC11095144 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has demonstrated its potential to enhance the light energy utilization ratio of perovskite solar cells by interacting with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and perovskite layers. However, comprehensive investigations into how MOF design and synthesis impact FRET in perovskite systems are scarce. In this work, nanoscale HIAM-type Zr-MOF (HIAM-4023, HIAM-4024, and HIAM-4025) is meticulously tailored to evaluate FRET's existence and its influence on the perovskite photoactive layer. Through precise adjustments of amino groups and acceptor units in the organic linker, HIAM-MOFs are synthesized with the same topology, but distinct photoluminescence (PL) emission properties. Significant FRET is observed between HIAM-4023/HIAM-4024 and the perovskite, confirmed by spectral overlap, fluorescence lifetime decay, and calculated distances between HIAM-4023/HIAM-4024 and the perovskite. Conversely, the spectral overlap between the PL emission of HIAM-4025 and the perovskite's absorption spectrum is relatively minimal, impeding the energy transfer from HIAM-4025 to the perovskite. Therefore, the HIAM-4023/HIAM-4024-assisted perovskite devices exhibit enhanced EQE via FRET processes, whereas the HIAM-4025 demonstrates comparable EQE to the pristine. Ultimately, the HIAM-4023-assisted perovskite device achieves an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.22% compared with pristine devices (PCE of 22.06%) and remarkable long-term stability under ambient conditions and continuous light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Hai‐lun Xia
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Jing Ma
- Medical Intelligence and Innovation AcademySouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhen518055China
| | - Xianfang Zhou
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
| | - Xiao‐Yuan Liu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
| | - Quanyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Haoran Lin
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
| | - Jun Pan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen518055China
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Abbas M, Sheybani S, Mortensen ML, Balkus KJ. Fluoro-bridged rare-earth metal-organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3445-3453. [PMID: 38247309 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Rare-earth (RE) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. RE metals tend to make binuclear metal nodes resulting in dense nonporous coordination networks. Three dimensional porous RE-MOFs have been reported by preparing bigger metal nodes based on metal clusters often found as hexaclusters or nonaclusters. The formation of metal clusters (>2 metal ions) generally requires the use of fluorinated organic molecules reported as modulators. However, it was recently discovered that these molecules are not modulators, rather they act as reactants and leave fluorine in the metal clusters. The formation and types of fluorinated RE metal clusters have been discussed. These fluorinated clusters offer higher connectivity which results in porous MOFs. The presence of fluorine in these metal clusters offers unique properties, such as higher thermal stability and improved fluorescence. This frontier summarizes recent progress and gives future perspective on the fluorinated metal clusters in the RE-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Simin Sheybani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Marie L Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
| | - Kenneth J Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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Mortensen ML, Bisht S, Abbas M, Firouzi H, McCandless GT, Shatruk M, Balkus KJ. Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks Exhibiting Fluoro-Bridged Extended Chains: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:219-228. [PMID: 38150361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Two fluoro-bridged lanthanide-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized using 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC), a fluorinated modulator, and a lanthanide nitrate. The syntheses of MOFs containing Gd3+ or Tb3+ and a closely related MOF structure containing Ho3+, Gd3+, or Tb3+ are presented. The presence of the fluorinated metal chains in these MOFs is shown through single crystal X-ray diffraction, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements reveal weak antiferromagnetic exchange between the Ln3+ ions mediated by fluoride anions along the zigzag ladder chains present in the crystal structures of these MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shubham Bisht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 102 Varsity Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Hamid Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 102 Varsity Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth J Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Xia HL, Zhou K, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu XY. Linker engineering toward near-infrared-I emissive metal-organic frameworks for amine detection. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12198-12202. [PMID: 37609945 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, organic linker-based near-infrared-I (NIR-I) emissive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with a maximum emission peak at 741 nm, were synthesized via linker engineering. By integration of stronger acceptor and donor groups into one linker, a significant bathochromic-shift is realized. This MOF exhibits great selectivity and sensitivity for aniline and p-phenylenediamine detection. This finding provides new insights into the rational design of NIR-MOFs for sensing and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lun Xia
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Zhou
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Yuan Liu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
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Xia HL, Zhang J, Si J, Wang H, Zhou K, Wang L, Li J, Sun W, Qu L, Li J, Liu XY. Size- and Emission-Controlled Synthesis of Full-Color Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for Tryptophan Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308506. [PMID: 37416970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanoscaled luminescent metal-organic frameworks (nano-LMOFs) with organic linker-based emission to explore their applications in sensing, bioimaging and photocatalysis is of great interest as material size and emission wavelength both have remarkable influence on their performances. However, there is lack of platforms that can systematically tune the emission and size of nano-LMOFs with customized linker design. Herein two series of fcu- and csq-type nano-LMOFs, with precise size control in a broad range and emission colors from blue to near-infrared, were prepared using 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and its derivative based ditopic- and tetratopic carboxylic acids as the emission sources. The modification of tetratopic carboxylic acids using OH and NH2 as the substituent groups not only induces significant emission bathochromic shift of the resultant MOFs, but also endows interesting features for their potential applications. As one example, we show that the non-substituted and NH2 -substituted nano-LMOFs exhibit turn-off and turn-on responses for highly selective and sensitive detection of tryptophan over other nineteen natural amino acids. This work sheds light on the rational construction of nano-LMOFs with specific emission behaviours and sizes, which will undoubtedly facilitate their applications in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lun Xia
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincheng Si
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbai Li
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Liu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Clavier G, Zhang Y, Batra K, Xiao N, Maurin G, Ding B, Tissot A, Serre C. A MOF/DNA luminescent sensing platform for detection of potential COVID-19 biomarkers and drugs. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5386-5395. [PMID: 37234896 PMCID: PMC10207894 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has afflicted people's lives worldwide. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important COVID-19 biomarker in human body fluids that can be used as a reference to monitor COVID-19 in real-time and therefore to reduce the risk of virus transmission. On the other hand, oseltamivir is a potential COVID-19 curing drug, but its overuse easily leads to hazardous side effects, calling for its real time monitoring in body fluids. For these purposes, a new yttrium metal-organic framework (Y-MOF) has been synthesized, in which the 5-(4-(imidazole-1-yl)phenyl)isophthalic linker contains a large aromatic backbone capable of strongly interacting with DNA sequences through π-π stacking interactions, which makes it appealing to build a unique sensor based on DNA functionalized MOFs. The MOF/DNA sequence hybrid luminescent sensing platform presents excellent optical properties associated with a high Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency. Furthermore, to construct a dual emission sensing platform, a 5'-carboxylfluorescein (FAM) labeled DNA sequence (S2) with a stem-loop structure that can specifically interact with IL-6 has been associated with the Y-MOF. The resulting Y-MOF@S2 exhibits an efficient ratiometric detection of IL-6 in human body fluids with an extremely high Ksv value 4.3 × 108 M-1 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 70 pM. Finally, the Y-MOF@S2@IL-6 hybrid platform allows the detection of oseltamivir with high sensitivity (Ksv value is as high as 5.6 × 105 M-1 and LOD is 54 nM), due to the fact that oseltamivir can disconnect the loop stem structure constructed by S2, leading to a strong quenching effect towards Y-MOF@S2@IL-6. The nature of the interactions between oseltamivir and Y-MOF has been elucidated using density functional theory calculations while the sensing mechanism for the dual detection of IL-6 and oseltamivir has been deciphered based on luminescence lifetime tests and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Kamal Batra
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Nanan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | | | - Bin Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecule, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University 393 Binshui West Road Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University 75005 Paris France
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Sheybani S, Abbas M, Firouzi HR, Xiao Z, Zhou HC, Balkus KJ. Synthesis of Fluoro-Bridged Ho 3+ and Gd 3+ 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene Metal-Organic Frameworks from Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4314-4321. [PMID: 36857778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A new fluoro-bridged rare-earth (RE) metal-organic framework consisting of 15-connected nonanuclear and 9-connected trinuclear clusters {[RE9-(μ3-F)14(H2O)6][RE3(μ3-F)(H2O)3](HCO2)3-(BTB)6}·(solvent)x 2 (RE = Ho3+ and Gd3+) was synthesized through the transformation of a dimeric complex formulated as bis(2,2'-bipyridine)tetrakis(μ-2-fluorobenzoato-O,O')-bis(2-fluorobenzoato)diRE(III) 1 with the bridging linker 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB). The rare-earth metal ions Ho3+ and Gd3+ were also found to remove fluorine from other organo-fluorine compounds such as perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), resulting in the new fluoro-bridged RE-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Sheybani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Hamid R Firouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kenneth J Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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Tan B, Li ZW, Wu ZF, Huang XY. A Cerium Organic Framework with {Cu 2I 2} Cluster and {Cu 2I 2} n Chain Modules: Structure and Fluorescence Sensing Properties. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2420. [PMID: 36904625 PMCID: PMC10007347 DOI: 10.3390/s23052420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a copper iodine module bearing a coordination polymer (CP) with a formula of [(Cu2I2)2Ce2(INA)6(DMF)3]·DMF (1, HINA = isonicotinic acid, DMF = N,N'-dimethyl formamide) is presented. The title compound features a three dimensional (3D) structure, in which the {Cu2I2} cluster and {Cu2I2}n chain modules are coordinated by N atoms from a pyridine ring in INA- ligands, while the Ce3+ ions are bridged by the carboxylic groups of INA- ligands. More importantly, compound 1 exhibits an uncommon red fluorescence (FL) with a single emission band maximized at 650 nm belonging to near infrared (NIR) luminescence. The temperature dependent FL measurement was applied to investigate the FL mechanism. Remarkably, 1 could be used as a FL sensor to cysteine and the nitro-bearing explosive molecule of trinitropheno (TNP) with high sensitivity, demonstrating its potential FL sensing applications for biothiol and explosive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tan
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Wu
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
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