1
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Cytarska J, Szulc J, Kołodziej-Sobczak D, Nunes JA, da Silva-Júnior EF, Łączkowski KZ. Cyrene™ as a tyrosinase inhibitor and anti-browning agent. Food Chem 2024; 442:138430. [PMID: 38241986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The tyrosinase pathway takes part in the enzymatic process of food browning and is primarily responsible for food spoilage - manifesting itself from a decrease in its nutritional value to a deterioration of taste, which consequently leads to a gradual loss of shelf life. Finding safe and bio-based tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-browning agents may be of great importance in agriculture and food industries. Herein, we showed that Cyrene™ exhibits tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 268.2 µM), the 1.44 times higher than ascorbic acid (IC50: 386.5 μM). Binding mode studies demonstrated that the carbonyl oxygen of Cyrene™ coordinates with both copper ions. Surprisingly, both hydroxyl groups of Cyrene gem-diol perform a monodentate binding mode with both copper ions, at similar distances. This fact suggests that both compounds could have a similar binding mode and, as consequence, similar biological activities in tyrosinase inhibition assays and anti-browning activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej-Sobczak
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jéssica Alves Nunes
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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2
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Gittins J, Ge K, Balhatchet CJ, Taberna PL, Simon P, Forse AC. Understanding Electrolyte Ion Size Effects on the Performance of Conducting Metal-Organic Framework Supercapacitors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12473-12484. [PMID: 38716517 PMCID: PMC11082900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Layered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for next-generation supercapacitors. Understanding how and why electrolyte ion size impacts electrochemical performance is crucial for developing improved MOF-based devices. To address this, we investigate the energy storage performance of Cu3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) with a series of 1 M tetraalkylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TAABF4) electrolytes with different cation sizes. Three-electrode experiments show that Cu3(HHTP)2 exhibits an asymmetric charging response with all ion sizes, with higher energy storage upon positive charging and a greater charging asymmetry with larger TAA+ cations. The results further show that smaller TAA+ cations demonstrate superior capacitive performances upon both positive and negative charging compared to larger TAA+ cations. To gain further insights, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements were performed to probe ion electrosorption during charging and discharging. These reveal that Cu3(HHTP)2 has a cation-dominated charging mechanism, but interestingly indicate that the solvent also participates in the charging process with larger cations. Overall, the results of this study suggest that larger TAA+ cations saturate the pores of the Cu3(HHTP)2-based electrodes. This leads to more asymmetric charging behavior and forces solvent molecules to play a role in the charge storage mechanism. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of ion electrosorption in layered MOFs, and they will guide the design of improved MOF-based supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie
W. Gittins
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kangkang Ge
- CIRIMAT,
UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse III, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Chloe J. Balhatchet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Pierre-Louis Taberna
- CIRIMAT,
UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse III, Toulouse 31062, France
- RS2E,
Réseau Français sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie,
FR CNRS 3459, Amiens Cedex 80039, France
| | - Patrice Simon
- CIRIMAT,
UMR CNRS 5085, Université Paul Sabatier
Toulouse III, Toulouse 31062, France
- RS2E,
Réseau Français sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie,
FR CNRS 3459, Amiens Cedex 80039, France
| | - Alexander C. Forse
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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3
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Wang X, Zhang X, He A, Guo J, Liu Z. Toward Enhancing Performance of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption for Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: Nanostructure Engineering or Crystal Morphology Controlling. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6948-6956. [PMID: 38575907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Conductive metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs), which have high porosity and intrinsic electron conductivity, are regarded as ideal candidates for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. Controlling the nanostructure of absorbers may be one of the effective strategies to improve the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Herein, a series of conductive Cu-HHTP MOFs (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl hydrates) with different nanostructures or crystal morphologies were successfully synthesized by using different structural inducers to regulate the changes in the morphology, thereby improving the EMW absorption performance. Specifically, when ammonia was used as an inducer, the obtained A-Cu-HHTP with a nanosheet structure exhibited excellent EMW absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) can reach -51.08 dB at 7.25 GHz with a thickness of 4.4 mm, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) can cover 5.73 GHz at 2.5 mm. The influence of the nanostructures of the cMOFs on the dielectric and EMW absorption performance was clarified. The nanosheet structure of A-Cu-HHTP increases its specific surface area, which expands multiple scattering and reflection paths of incident EMW; Meanwhile, the unique structure facilitates the formation of more heterogeneous interfaces, optimizing impedance matching. The significant improvement in EMW performance is mainly attributed to multiple reflections and scattering as well as impedance matching. This work not only provides a simple and effective strategy for improving electromagnetic wave absorption performance but also offers guidelines for preparing morphology functional cMOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Aining He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
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4
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Wang X, Hang X, Zhang G, An Y, Liu B, Pang H. Metal Ion-controlled Growth of Different Metal-Organic Framework Micro/nanostructures for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300859. [PMID: 37843823 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a metal ion-modulated effective strategy to achieve different metal-organic framework (MOF) micro/nanostructures using different metal precursors like CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2 O, CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2 O and NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2 O, and NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2 O with pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (3,5-pdc). The structural characterizations confirm that different morphological structures, hollow microsphere, hierarchical nanoflower, and solid nanosphere are for Co-(3,5-pdc), Co0.19 Ni0.81 -(3,5-pdc), and Ni-(3,5-pdc), respectively. These different MOF micro/nanostructures correlate with the coordination ability of Co and Ni with 3,5-pdc. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of the alloying metal nodes of Co and Ni producing rapid and rich redox reactions and the hierarchical nanoflower with higher surface area enabling excellent ion kinetics, the Co0.19 Ni0.81 -(3,5-pdc) exhibits higher specific capacitance of 515 F g-1 /273 C g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 than that of Ni-(3,5-pdc) (290 F g-1 /153.7 C g-1 ) and Co-(3,5-pdc) (132 F g-1 /67 C g-1 ), good rate capability and cycling stability. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor device (Co0.19 Ni0.81 -(3,5-pdc)//AC) assembled from Co0.19 Ni0.81 -(3,5-pdc) and activated carbon (AC) achieves a maximum energy density of 42.6 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 277.3 W kg-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Hang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guangxun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yang An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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5
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Ferhi N, Essalhi M, Zarrougui R. Effect of Crystal Morphology on Electrochemical Performances of IRH-2 and IRH-2/PANI Composite for Supercapacitor Electrodes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43708-43718. [PMID: 38027334 PMCID: PMC10666263 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the context of recent progress in designing metal-organic framework (MOF)-based supercapacitor electrodes, we report herein the successful growth of two different crystal morphologies of a cerium-based MOF, octahedral crystals named IRH-2-O and elongated square-bipyramidal crystals named IRH-2-ESBP (IRH = Institute de Recherche sur l'Hydrogène). The identical crystal structure of both materials was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping analysis corroborated this fact and showed the crystal shape variation versus the surface composition of synthesized materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and PXRD were used to confirm the purity of pristine MOFs as well as desired MOF//PANI composites. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy highlighted the effect of crystal shape on the electrochemical performance of IRH-2 MOFs; the specific capacitance tripled from 43.1 F·g-1 for IRH-2-O to 125.57 F·g-1 for IRH-2-ESBP at 5 mV·s-1. The cycling stability was notably ameliorated from 7 K for IRH-2-O to 20 K for IRH-2-ESBP. Regarding the composites, the cell voltage was notably ameliorated from 1.8 to 1.95 V. However, the electrochemical performance of IRH-2/PANI composites was drastically decreased due to instability in the acidic media. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first work that related the MOF crystal shape and the electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeddine Ferhi
- Département
de Chimie, Biochimie et physique and Institut de Recherche sur l’Hydrogène, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Mohamed Essalhi
- Département
de Chimie, Biochimie et physique and Institut de Recherche sur l’Hydrogène, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Ramzi Zarrougui
- Département
des sciences fondamentales, Université
du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
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6
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Yao Z, Zhang L, Wu T, Song H, Tang C. Two-Dimensional Copper/Nickel Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1896. [PMID: 37893332 PMCID: PMC10608958 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have broad potential applications in electrochemical glucose detection. Herein, a green ultrasonic synthesis process is presented for preparing two-dimensional (2D) copper-nickel metal-organic framework nanosheets (CuNi-MOFNs) for glucose detection. The synthesized CuNi-MOFNs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The CuNi-MOFN nanocomposites were used to cover the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode was studied in alkaline media. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric i-t curves indicated that the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode revealed great electrochemical performances towards glucose oxidation. Due to the ease of access to active metal sites in large specific surface of nanosheets, the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode can effectively improve the electronic transfer rate and enhance electrocatalytic activity of the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode. The CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode showed electrochemical performances for glucose detection with a linear range from 0.01 mM to 4 mM, sensitivity of 702 μAmM-1cm-2, and detection limit of 3.33 μΜ (S/N = 3). The CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode exhibited excellent anti-interference ability and high selectivity in glucose measurements. Hence, the CuNi-MOFNs-modified electrode has good, promising prospects in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Libing Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (H.S.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (H.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Haijun Song
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (H.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (H.S.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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7
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Shin SJ, Gittins JW, Golomb MJ, Forse AC, Walsh A. Microscopic Origin of Electrochemical Capacitance in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14529-14538. [PMID: 37341453 PMCID: PMC10326873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Electroconductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors, but the fundamental understanding of the underlying chemical processes is limited. Here, the electrochemical interface of Cu3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) with an organic electrolyte is investigated using a multiscale quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) procedure and experimental electrochemical measurements. Our simulations reproduce the observed capacitance values and reveals the polarization phenomena of the nanoporous framework. We find that excess charges mainly form on the organic ligand, and cation-dominated charging mechanisms give rise to greater capacitance. The spatially confined electric double-layer structure is further manipulated by changing the ligand from HHTP to HITP (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene). This minimal change to the electrode framework not only increases the capacitance but also increases the self-diffusion coefficients of in-pore electrolytes. The performance of MOF-based supercapacitors can be systematically controlled by modifying the ligating group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jae Shin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jamie W. Gittins
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Matthias J. Golomb
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Alexander C. Forse
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Aron Walsh
- Thomas
Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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8
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Qi M, Zhou Y, Lv Y, Chen W, Su X, Zhang T, Xing G, Xu G, Terasaki O, Chen L. Direct Construction of 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks from a Nonplanar Ligand: In Situ Scholl Reaction and Topological Modulation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2739-2744. [PMID: 36515969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) are an emerging class of promising porous materials with high crystallinity, tunable structures, and diverse functions. However, the limited topologies and difficulties in synthesizing suitable organic linkers remain a great challenge for 2D c-MOFs synthesis and applications. Herein, two layered 2D c-MOF polymorphs with either a rhombus structure (sql-TBA-MOF) or kagome structure (kgm-TBA-MOF) were directly constructed via in situ Scholl reaction and coordination chemistry from a flexible and nonplanar tetraphenylbenzene-based ligand (8OH-TPB) in a one-pot manner. Interestingly, the kgm-TBA-MOF comprising hexagonal and triangular dual pores exhibit higher conductivities of 1.65 × 10-3 S/cm at 298 K and 3.33 × 10-2 S/cm at 353 K than that of sql-TBA-MOF (4.48 × 10-4 and 2.90 × 10-3 S/cm, respectively). Moreover, the morphology and topology can be modulated via the addition of ammonium hydroxide as modulator. The present work provides a new pathway for design, synthesis, and topological regulation of 2D c-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yongkang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiben Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Osamu Terasaki
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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9
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Snook KM, Zasada LB, Chehada D, Xiao DJ. Oxidative control over the morphology of Cu 3(HHTP) 2, a 2D conductive metal–organic framework. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10472-10478. [PMID: 36277645 PMCID: PMC9473509 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks strongly impacts their performance in applications such as energy storage and electrochemical sensing. However, identifying the appropriate conditions needed to achieve a specific nanocrystal size and shape can be a time-consuming, empirical process. Here we show how partial ligand oxidation dictates the morphology of Cu3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene), a prototypical 2D conductive metal–organic framework. Using organic quinones as the chemical oxidant, we demonstrate that partial oxidation of the ligand prior to metal binding alters the nanocrystal aspect ratio by over 60-fold. Systematically varying the extent of initial ligand oxidation leads to distinct rod, block, and flake-like morphologies. These results represent an important advance in the rational control of Cu3(HHTP)2 morphology and motivate future studies into how ligand oxidation impacts the nucleation and growth of 2D conductive metal–organic frameworks. The morphology of a copper-based 2D conductive metal–organic framework can be tuned via controlled ligand oxidation. Using quinone oxidants, we show how partial ligand oxidation prior to metal binding alters the nanocrystal aspect ratio by >60-fold.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Snook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Leo B. Zasada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dina Chehada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dianne J. Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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