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Gharai PK, Khan J, Pradhan K, Mallesh R, Garg S, Arshi MU, Barman S, Ghosh S. Power of Dopamine: Multifunctional Compound Assisted Conversion of the Most Risk Factor into Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38874606 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role, which is produced from molecular oxygen with extracellular deposited amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates through the reduction of a Cu2+ ion. In the presence of a small amount of redox-active Cu2+ ion, ROS is produced by the Aβ-Cu2+ complex as Aβ peptide alone is unable to generate excess ROS. Therefore, Cu2+ ion chelators are considered promising therapeutics against AD. Here, we have designed and synthesized a series of Schiff base derivatives (SB) based on 2-hydroxy aromatic aldehyde derivatives and dopamine. These SB compounds contain one copper chelating core, which captures the Cu2+ ions from the Aβ-Cu2+ complex. Thereby, it inhibits copper-induced amyloid aggregation as well as amyloid self-aggregation. It also inhibits copper-catalyzed ROS production through sequestering of Cu2+ ions. The uniqueness of our designed ligands has the dual property of dopamine, which not only acts as a ROS scavenger but also chelates the copper ion. The crystallographic analysis proves the power of the dopamine unit. Therefore, dual exploration of dopamine core can be considered as potential therapeutics for future AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Gharai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Juhee Khan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishnangsu Pradhan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India
| | - Rathnam Mallesh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar 342037, Rajasthan, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Arshi
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surajit Barman
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR─Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar 342037, Rajasthan, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
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Sun P, Chen HC, Guo W, Zhang Z, Sun S, Gao N, Jing YH, Wang B. A ratiometric fluorescent probe revealing the abnormality of acetylated tau by visualizing polarity in Alzheimer's disease. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5619-5627. [PMID: 38770837 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal polarity leads to early deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by affecting the function of axons. Precise and rapid evaluation of polarity changes is very important for the early prevention and diagnosis of AD. However, due to the limitations of existing detection methods, the mechanism related to how neuronal polarity changes in AD is unclear. Herein, we reported a ratiometric fluorescent probe characterized by neutral molecule to disclose the polarity changes in nerve cells and the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Cy7-K showed a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence response to polarity. Remarkably, unlike conventional intramolecular charge transfer fluorescent probes, the fluorescence quantum yield of Cy7-K in highly polar solvents is higher than that in low polar solvents due to the transition of neutral quinones to aromatic zwitterions. Using the ratiometric fluorescence imaging, we found that beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) inhibits the expression of histone deacetylase 6, thereby increasing the amount of acetylated Tau protein (AC-Tau) and ultimately enhancing cell polarity. There was a high correlation between polarity and AC-Tau. Furthermore, Cy7-K penetrated the blood-brain barrier to image the polarity of different brain regions and confirmed that APP/PS1 mice had higher polarity than Wild-type mice. The probe Cy7-K will be a promising tool for assessing the progression of AD development by monitoring polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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Padhi D, Baruah P, Ramesh M, Moorthy H, Govindaraju T. Hybrid molecules synergistically mitigate ferroptosis and amyloid-associated toxicities in Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103119. [PMID: 38507972 PMCID: PMC10963859 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the build-up of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Ferroptosis, an iron (Fe)-dependent form of cell death plays a significant role in the multifaceted AD pathogenesis through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage, lipid peroxidation, and reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) enzyme activity and levels. Aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of tau drives the growth and maturation of NFTs contributing to AD pathogenesis. In this study, we strategically combined the structural and functional properties of gallic acid (GA) and cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) to synthesize hybrid molecules that effectively target both ferroptosis and amyloid toxicity in AD. This innovative approach marks a paradigm shift from conventional therapeutic strategies. This is the first report of a synthetic small molecule (GCTR) that effectively combats ferroptosis, simultaneously restoring enzymatic activity and enhancing cellular levels of its master regulator, GPX4. Further, GCTR disrupts Fe3+-induced LLPS of tau, and aids in attenuation of abnormal tau fibrillization. The synergistic action of GCTR in combating both ferroptosis and amyloid toxicity, bolstered by GPX4 enhancement and modulation of Fe3+-induced tau LLPS, holds promise for the development of small molecule-based novel therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Prayasee Baruah
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India.
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Suri K, Ramesh M, Bhandari M, Gupta V, Kumar V, Govindaraju T, Murugan NA. Role of Amyloidogenic and Non-Amyloidogenic Protein Spaces in Neurodegenerative Diseases and their Mitigation Using Theranostic Agents. Chembiochem 2024:e202400224. [PMID: 38668376 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) refer to a complex heterogeneous group of diseases which are associated with the accumulation of amyloid fibrils or plaques in the brain leading to progressive loss of neuronal functions. Alzheimer's disease is one of the major NDD responsible for 60-80 % of all dementia cases. Currently, there are no curative or disease-reversing/modifying molecules for many of the NDDs except a few such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, carbidopa and levodopa which treat the disease-associated symptoms. Similarly, there are very few FDA-approved tracers such as flortaucipir (Tauvid) for tau fibril imaging and florbetaben (Neuraceq), flutemetamol (Vizamyl), and florbetapir (Amyvid) for amyloid imaging available for diagnosis. Recent advances in the cryogenic electron microscopy reported distinctly different microstructures for tau fibrils associated with different tauopathies highlighting the possibility to develop tauopathy-specific imaging agents and therapeutics. In addition, it is important to identify the proteins that are associated with disease development and progression to know about their 3D structure to develop various diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostic agents. The current article discusses in detail the disease-associated amyloid and non-amyloid proteins along with their structural insights. We comprehensively discussed various novel proteins associated with NDDs and their implications in disease pathology. In addition, we document various emerging chemical compounds developed for diagnosis and therapy of different NDDs with special emphasis on theranostic agents for better management of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapali Suri
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi) Okhla, Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Mansi Bhandari
- Department of computer science and engineering, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110062
| | - Vishakha Gupta
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi) Okhla, Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi) Okhla, Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - N Arul Murugan
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi) Okhla, Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
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Abu-Elfotuh K, Hamdan AME, Mohamed SA, Bakr RO, Ahmed AH, Atwa AM, Hamdan AM, Alanzai AG, Alnahhas RK, Gowifel AMH, Salem MA. The potential anti-Alzheimer's activity of Oxalis corniculata Linn. Methanolic extract in experimental rats: Role of APOE4/LRP1, TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, Wnt 3/β-catenin/GSK-3β, autophagy and apoptotic cues. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117731. [PMID: 38218505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxalis corniculata (O. corniculata) is a member of Oxalidaceae family, widely distributed in Asia, Europe, America, and Africa, used extensively as food and its traditional folkloric uses include management of epilepsy, gastric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, together with its use in enhancing health. Numerous pharmacological benefits of O. corniculata are linked to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are its main pathogenic processes. AIM OF THE STUDY Our research aimed to study the neuroprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. (O. corniculata ME), compared to selenium (Se) against AlCl3-induced AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male albino rats were allocated into four groups (Gps). Gp I a control group, the rest of the animals received AlCl3 (Gp II-Gp IV). Rats in Gp III and IV were treated with Se and O. corniculata ME, respectively. RESULTS The chemical profile of O. corniculata ME was studied using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, allowing the tentative identification of sixty-six compounds, including organic acids, phenolics and others, cinnamic acid and its derivatives, fatty acids, and flavonoids. AlCl3 showed deterioration in short-term memory and brain histological pictures. Our findings showed that O. corniculata ME and selenium helped to combat oxidative stress produced by accumulation of AlCl3 in the brain and in prophylaxis against AD. Thus, Selenium (Se) and O. corniculata ME restored antioxidant defense, via enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 hub, hampered neuroinflammation, via TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, along with dampening apoptosis, Aβ generation, tau hyperphosphorylation, BACE1, ApoE4 and LRP1 levels. Treatments also promoted autophagy and modulated Wnt 3/β-catenin/GSK3β cue. CONCLUSIONS It was noted that O. corniculata ME showed a notable ameliorative effect compared to Se on Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, APOE4/LRP1, Wnt 3/β-catenin/GSK-3β and PERK axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed M E Hamdan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 74191, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaza A Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt.
| | - Riham O Bakr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, Giza 11787, Egypt.
| | - Amal H Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Hamdan
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ayah M H Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Salem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt.
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Moorthy H, Ramesh M, Padhi D, Baruah P, Govindaraju T. Polycatechols inhibit ferroptosis and modulate tau liquid-liquid phase separation to mitigate Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38647314 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that affects learning, memory, and cognition. Current treatments targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau have shown limited effectiveness, necessitating further research on the aggregation and toxicity mechanisms. One of these mechanisms involves the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of tau, contributing to the formation of pathogenic tau aggregates, although their conformational details remain elusive. Another mechanism is ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death, which has been implicated in AD. There is a lack of therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target amyloid toxicity and ferroptosis. This study aims to explore the potential of polycatechols, PDP and PLDP, consisting of dopamine and L-Dopa, respectively, as multifunctional agents to modulate the pathological nexus between ferroptosis and AD. Polycatechols were found to sequester the labile iron pool (LIP), inhibit Aβ and tau aggregation, scavenge free radicals, protect mitochondria, and prevent ferroptosis, thereby rescuing neuronal cell death. Interestingly, PLDP promotes tau LLPS, and modulates their intermolecular interactions to inhibit the formation of toxic tau aggregates, offering a conceptually innovative approach to tackle tauopathies. This is a first-of-its-kind polymer-based integrative approach that inhibits ferroptosis, counteracts amyloid toxicity, and modulates tau LLPS to mitigate the multifaceted toxicity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Prayasee Baruah
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India.
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Moorthy H, Kamala N, Ramesh M, Govindaraju T. Biphasic modulation of tau liquid-liquid phase separation by polyphenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4334-4337. [PMID: 38545836 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00473f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Molecular tools that modulate tau liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) promise to treat tauopathies. We screened a set of polyphenols and demonstrated concentration-dependent biphasic modulation of tau LLPS by gallic acid (GA), showcasing its ability to expedite the liquid-to-gel transition in tau condensates and effectively impede the formation of deleterious fibrillar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nimsha Kamala
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
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Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102309. [PMID: 38615895 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder has affected over 30 million individuals globally and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming decades. Current therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective as they focus on a single target. Development of an effective drug therapy requires a deep understanding of the various factors influencing the onset and progression of the disease. Aging and genetic factors exert a major influence on the development of AD. Other factors like post-viral infections, iron overload, gut dysbiosis, and vascular dysfunction also exacerbate the onset and progression of AD. Further, post-translational modifications in tau, DRP1, CREB, and p65 proteins increase the disease severity through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and differential interaction of amyloid beta with different receptors leading to impaired intracellular signalling. With advancements in neuroscience tools, new inter-relations that aggravate AD are being discovered including pre-existing diseases and exposure to other pathogens. Simultaneously, new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of gene expression through targeted delivery or modulation with light, harnessing the immune response to promote clearance of amyloid deposits, introduction of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to replace the destroyed neurons, exploring new therapeutic molecules from plant, marine and biological sources delivered in the free state or through nanoparticles and use of non-pharmacological interventions like music, transcranial stimulation and yoga. Polypharmacology approaches involving combination of therapeutic agents are also under active investigation for superior therapeutic outcomes. This review elaborates on various disease-causing factors, their underlying mechanisms, the inter-play between different disease-causing players, and emerging therapeutic options including those under clinical trials, for treatment of AD. The challenges involved in AD therapy and the way forward have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
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Dinda S, Ghosh D, Govindaraju T. Cooperative dissolution of peptidomimetic vesicles and amyloid β fibrils. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2993-3005. [PMID: 38259156 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid proteins in the brain is a significant neurotoxic event that contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. The aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ), particularly Aβ42 monomers, into various forms such as oligomers, protofibrils, fibrils, and amyloid plaques is a key pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease. As a result, Aβ42 is a primary target and the development of molecular strategies for the dissolution of Aβ42 aggregates is considered a promising approach to mitigating Alzheimer's disease pathology. A set of pyrene-conjugated peptidomimetics derived from Aβ14-23 (AkdcPy, AkdmPy, and AkdnPy) by incorporating an unnatural amino acid [kd: cyclo(Lys-Asp)] were studied for their ability to modulate Aβ42 aggregation. AkdcPy and AkdmPy formed vesicular structures in aqueous media. The vesicles of AkdmPy loaded with the neuroprotective compound berberine (Ber), dissipated mutually in the presence of preformed Aβ42 fibrils. During this process, the active drug Ber was released. This work is expected to inspire the development of drug-loaded peptidomimetic-based therapeutic formulations to modulate disorders associated with amyloid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Dinda
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Debasis Ghosh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
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10
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Grcic L, Leech G, Kwan K, Storr T. Targeting misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide and mutant p53 protein using multifunctional molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1372-1388. [PMID: 38204416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecule misfolding and aggregation play a major role in human disease, spanning from neurodegeneration to cancer. Inhibition of these processes is of considerable interest, and due to the multifactorial nature of these diseases, the development of drugs that act on multiple pathways simultaneously is a promising approach. This Feature Article focuses on the development of multifunctional molecules designed to inhibit the misfolding and aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the mutant p53 protein in cancer. While for the former, the goal is to accelerate the removal of the Aβ peptide and associated aggregates, for the latter, the goal is reactivation via stabilization of the active folded form of mutant p53 protein and/or aggregation inhibition. Due to the similar aggregation pathway of the Aβ peptide and mutant p53 protein, a common therapeutic approach may be applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Grcic
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Grace Leech
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Ghosh P, Narang K, Iyer PK. Role of Amyloid Beta in Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Strategies for Neuroprotection. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:337-354. [PMID: 38427249 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The gradual loss of neurons' structure and function in the central nervous system is known as neurodegeneration. It is a defining feature of several incapacitating illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain is one of the several variables linked to neurodegeneration. We shall delve into the fascinating realm of Aβ in this chapter and examine its role in the etiology of neurodegenerative illnesses. Insights into the processes through which Aβ exerts its toxicity are crucial for the creation of therapeutic approaches to treat these life-threatening diseases. Despite the presence of multiple obstacles, recent research shows promise for the development of some new anti-Aβ therapies that will help millions of people suffering from neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we discuss the role of Aβ in contributing to neurotoxicity and several anti-Aβ therapies for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kavita Narang
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Kuermanbayi S, Zhuang J, Zhang H, Xu F, Li F. Matrix stiffness-dependent microglia activation in response to inflammatory cues: in situ investigation by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 15:171-184. [PMID: 38131065 PMCID: PMC10732011 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by sensing and responding to mechanical and inflammatory cues in their microenvironment. However, the interplay between mechanical and inflammatory cues in regulating microglia activation remains elusive. In this work, we constructed in vitro mechanical-inflammatory coupled microenvironment models of microglia by culturing BV2 cells (a murine microglial cell line) on polyacrylamide gels with tunable stiffness and incorporating a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the physiological and pathological microenvironment of microglia in the hippocampus. Through characterization of activation-related proteins, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, we observed that the LPS treatment induced microglia on a stiff matrix to exhibit overexpression of NOX2, higher levels of ROS and inflammatory factors compared to those on a soft matrix. Additionally, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), we performed in situ characterization and discovered that microglia on a stiff matrix promoted extracellular ROS production, leading to a disruption in their redox balance and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced ROS production. Furthermore, the respiratory activity and migration behavior of microglia were closely associated with their activation process, with the stiff matrix-LPS-induced microglia demonstrating the most pronounced changes in respiratory activity and migration ability. This work represents the first in situ and dynamic monitoring of microglia activation state alterations under a mechanical-inflammatory coupled microenvironment using SECM. Our findings shed light on matrix stiffness-dependent activation of microglia in response to an inflammatory microenvironment, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammatory processes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yabei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Shuake Kuermanbayi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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13
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Du H, Song J, Ma F, Gao H, Zhao X, Mao R, He X, Yan Y. Novel harmine derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase and amyloid beta aggregation dual inhibitors for management of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2281893. [PMID: 37965884 PMCID: PMC10653770 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2281893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of potential ligands for the treatment of AD were synthesised and characterised as novel harmine derivatives modified at position 9 with benzyl piperazinyl. In vitro studies revealed that the majority of the derivatives exhibited moderate to potent inhibition against hAChE and Aβ1 - 42 aggregation. Notably, compounds 13 and 17d displayed potent drug - likeness and ADMET properties, demonstrating remarkable inhibitory activities towards AChE (IC50 = 58.76 nM and 89.38 nM, respectively) as well as Aβ aggregation (IC50 = 9.31 μM and 13.82 μM, respectively). More importantly, compounds 13 and 17d showed exceptional neuroprotective effects against Aβ1 - 42-induced SH - SY5Y damage, while maintaining low toxicity in SH - SY5Y cells. Further exploration of the mechanism through kinetic studies and molecular modelling confirmed that compound 13 could interact with both the CAS and the PAS of AChE. These findings suggested that harmine derivatives hold great potential as dual - targeted candidates for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Du
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan'an, China
- Shaanxi Qi Yuan Kang Bo Biotechnology Co. LTD, Tongchuan Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinzhi Song
- Shaanxi Horticultural Technology workstation, Xi’an Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Shaanxi Qi Yuan Kang Bo Biotechnology Co. LTD, Tongchuan Shaanxi, China
- Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hongxin Gao
- School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi, China
| | - Renjun Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan'an, China
- Shaanxi Horticultural Technology workstation, Xi’an Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan'an, China
- Shaanxi Qi Yuan Kang Bo Biotechnology Co. LTD, Tongchuan Shaanxi, China
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14
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Cáceres C, Heusser B, Garnham A, Moczko E. The Major Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease: Related Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Its Diagnosis and Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2669. [PMID: 38067098 PMCID: PMC10705786 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known chronic neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the progressive death of brain cells, resulting in memory loss and the loss of other critical body functions. In March 2019, one of the major pharmaceutical companies and its partners announced that currently, there is no drug to cure AD, and all clinical trials of the new ones have been cancelled, leaving many people without hope. However, despite the clear message and startling reality, the research continued. Finally, in the last two years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first-ever medications to treat Alzheimer's, aducanumab and lecanemab. Despite researchers' support of this decision, there are serious concerns about their effectiveness and safety. The validation of aducanumab by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is still pending, and lecanemab was authorized without considering data from the phase III trials. Furthermore, numerous reports suggest that patients have died when undergoing extended treatment. While there is evidence that aducanumab and lecanemab may provide some relief to those suffering from AD, their impact remains a topic of ongoing research and debate within the medical community. The fact is that even though there are considerable efforts regarding pharmacological treatment, no definitive cure for AD has been found yet. Nevertheless, it is strongly believed that modern nanotechnology holds promising solutions and effective clinical strategies for the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for AD. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD, its etiological mechanisms, and challenges. It explores existing diagnostic and therapeutic methods and the potential of nanotechnology-based approaches for recognizing and monitoring patients at risk of irreversible neuronal degeneration. Overall, it provides a broad overview for those interested in the evolving areas of clinical neuroscience, AD, and related nanotechnology. With further research and development, nanotechnology-based approaches may offer new solutions and hope for millions of people affected by this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa Moczko
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar 2562307, Chile; (C.C.)
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15
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Gao F, Chen J, Zhou Y, Cheng L, Hu M, Wang X. Recent progress of small-molecule-based theranostic agents in Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2231-2245. [PMID: 37974955 PMCID: PMC10650505 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. As a multifactorial disease, AD involves several etiopathogenic mechanisms, in which multiple pathological factors are interconnected with each other. This complicated and unclear pathogenesis makes AD lack effective diagnosis and treatment. Theranostics, exerting the synergistic effect of diagnostic and therapeutic functions, would provide a promising strategy for exploring AD pathogenesis and developing drugs for combating AD. With the efforts in small drug-like molecules for both diagnosis and treatment of AD, small-molecule-based theranostic agents have attracted significant attention owing to their facile synthesis, high biocompatibility and reproducibility, and easy clearance from the body through the excretion systems. In this review, the small-molecule-based theranostic agents reported in the literature for anti-AD are classified into four groups according to their diagnostic modalities. Their design rationales, chemical structures, and working mechanisms for theranostics are summarized. Finally, the opportunities for small-molecule-based theranostic agents in AD are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Gao
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Jiefang Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yuancun Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Letong Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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16
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Akasaka T, Watanabe H, Ono M. In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Selective for Soluble Amyloid β Aggregates Using y-Shaped BODIPY Derivative. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14029-14046. [PMID: 37824378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, suggested to be the most toxic forms of Aβ, draw attention as therapeutic targets and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As soluble Aβ aggregates are transient and diverse, imaging their diverse forms in vivo is expected to have a marked impact on research and diagnosis of AD. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe, BAOP-16, targeting diverse soluble Aβ aggregates. BAOP-16, whose molecular shape resembles "y", showed a marked selective increase in fluorescence intensity upon binding to soluble Aβ aggregates in the near-infrared region and a high binding affinity for them. Additionally, BAOP-16 could detect Aβ oligomers in the brains of Aβ-inoculated model mice. In an in vivo fluorescence imaging study of BAOP-16, brains of AD model mice displayed significantly higher fluorescence signals than those of wild-type mice. These results indicate that BAOP-16 could be useful for the in vivo NIRF imaging of diverse soluble Aβ aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Akasaka
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Puneeth Kumar DRGKR, Nalawade SA, Pahan S, Singh M, Senapati DK, Roy S, Dey S, Toraskar SU, Raghothama S, Gopi HN. Proteolytically Stable ααγ-Hybrid Peptides Inhibit the Aggregation and Cytotoxicity of Aβ 42. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3398-3408. [PMID: 37656905 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of antibody-based therapy for targeting the clearance of amyloid plaques fuels the research in designing small molecules and peptide inhibitors to target the aggregation of Aβ-peptides. Here, we report that the 15-residue ααγ-hybrid peptide not only inhibits the aggregation of soluble Aβ42 into fibrils but also disintegrates the aggregated Aβ42 fibrils into smaller assemblies. Further, the hybrid peptide completely rescues neuronal cells from the toxicity of Aβ42 at equimolar concentrations. The shorter 10- and 12-mer peptides showed weak aggregation inhibition activity, while the fully hydrophobic 15-mer ααγ-hybrid peptide analogue showed no aggregation inhibition activity. Further, the 15-mer ααγ-hybrid peptide showed resistance against trypsin digestion and also nontoxic to the neuronal cells. The CD revealed that the peptide upon interaction induces a helix-type conformation in the Aβ42. This is in sharp contrast to the β-sheet conformation of Aβ42 upon incubation. The two-dimensional-NMR (2D-NMR) analysis revealed a large perturbation in the chemical shifts of residues at the N-terminus. The presence of 15-mer peptide at an equimolar concentration of Aβ42 showed less tendency for aggregation and also exhibited nontoxicity to the neuronal cells. The results reported here may be useful in designing new therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- DRGKoppalu R Puneeth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sachin A Nalawade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Saikat Pahan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dillip K Senapati
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sandip U Toraskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Hosahudya N Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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18
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Singh A, Singh K, Kaur J, Kaur R, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kaur U, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Diversity of 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Drug Development: Design Strategies, Structural Insights, and Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3291-3317. [PMID: 37683129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a most prevalent form of dementia all around the globe and currently poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system. Currently available drugs only slow the progression of this disease rather than provide proper containment. Identification of multiple targets responsible for this disease in the last three decades established it as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that needs novel multifunctional agents for its management and the possible reason for the failure of currently available single target clinical drugs. 1,2,3-Triazole is a miraculous nucleus in medicinal chemistry and the first choice for development of multifunctional hybrid molecules. Apart from that, it is an integral component of various drugs in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and 1,2,3-triazole containing derivatives developed in recent decades as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The review will provide (A) precise insight of various established targets of Alzheimer's disease including cholinergic, amyloid, tau, monoamine oxidases, glutamate, calcium, and reactive oxygen species hypothesis and (B) design hypothesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological outcomes of 1,2,3-triazole containing multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents. This review will provide a baseline for various research groups working on Alzheimer's drug development in designing potent, safer, and effective multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's candidates of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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19
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Park S, Kim M, Lin Y, Hong M, Nam G, Mieczkowski A, Kardos J, Lee YH, Lim MH. Designing multi-target-directed flavonoids: a strategic approach to Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9293-9305. [PMID: 37712013 PMCID: PMC10498667 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain a mystery, with multiple pathological components, including oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, amyloid-β, and metal ions, all playing a role. Here we report a strategic approach to designing flavonoids that can effectively tackle multiple pathological elements involved in AD. Our systematic investigations revealed key structural features for flavonoids to simultaneously target and regulate pathogenic targets. Our findings led to the development of a highly promising flavonoid that exhibits a range of functions, based on a complete structure-activity relationship analysis. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies confirmed that this flavonoid's versatile reactivities are driven by its redox potential and direct interactions with pathogenic factors. This work highlights the potential of multi-target-directed flavonoids as a novel solution in the fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mingeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Chungbuk 28119 Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5a 02-106 Warsaw Poland
| | - József Kardos
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest 1117 Hungary
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Chungbuk 28119 Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University (CAU) Gyeonggi 17546 Republic of Korea
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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20
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Baruah P, Moorthy H, Ramesh M, Padhi D, Govindaraju T. A natural polyphenol activates and enhances GPX4 to mitigate amyloid-β induced ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9427-9438. [PMID: 37712018 PMCID: PMC10498722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02350h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, plays a crucial role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several characteristics of AD, including excessive iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels, align with the features of ferroptosis. While traditional methods of inhibiting ferroptosis have centered on chelating Fe and trapping radicals, therapeutic strategies that modulate the GPX4 axis to mitigate ferroptosis in AD are yet to be explored. This report introduces naturally occurring polyphenols (PPs) as dual-acting therapeutic agents to synergistically alleviate ferroptosis and AD. The mechanisms of action encompass modulation of amyloid and tau cascade, reduction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial rescue, and inhibition of ferroptosis. For the first time, we show that a single multifunctional molecule, tannic acid (TA) binds at the activator site of GPX4, augmenting both its activity and cellular levels, providing a conceptually innovative and integrated approach for treating AD via the GPX4-ferroptosis axis. The ability of TA to enhance GPX4 levels under conditions of AD pathology opens up newer promising therapeutic avenues for combating the crosstalk between ferroptosis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayasee Baruah
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
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21
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Karakatsani ME, Ji R, Murillo MF, Kugelman T, Kwon N, Lao YH, Liu K, Pouliopoulos AN, Honig LS, Duff KE, Konofagou EE. Focused ultrasound mitigates pathology and improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's mice and patients. Theranostics 2023; 13:4102-4120. [PMID: 37554284 PMCID: PMC10405840 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Bilateral sonication with focused ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with microbubbles has been shown to separately reduce amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the hippocampal formation and the entorhinal cortex in different mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) without any therapeutic agents. However, the two pathologies are expressed concurrently in human disease. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of repeated bilateral sonications in the presence of both pathologies. Methods: Herein, we investigate its functional and morphological outcomes on brains bearing both pathologies simultaneously. Eleven transgenic mice of the 3xTg-AD line (14 months old) expressing human amyloid beta and human tau and eleven age-matched wild-type littermates received four weekly bilateral sonications covering the hippocampus followed by working memory testing. Afterwards, immunohistochemistry and immunoassays (western blot and ELISA) were employed to assess any changes in amyloid beta and human tau. Furthermore, we present preliminary data from our clinical trial using a neuronavigation-guided FUS system for sonications in AD patients (NCT04118764). Results: Interestingly, both wild-type and transgenic animals that received FUS experienced improved working memory and spent significantly more time in the escape platform-quadrant, with wild-type animals spending 43.2% (sham: 37.7%) and transgenic animals spending 35.3% (sham: 31.0%) of the trial in the target quadrant. Furthermore, this behavioral amelioration in the transgenic animals correlated with a 58.3% decrease in the neuronal length affected by tau and a 27.2% reduction in total tau levels. Amyloid plaque population, volume and overall load were also reduced overall. Consistently, preliminary data from a clinical trial involving AD patients showed a 1.8% decrease of amyloid PET signal 3-weeks after treatment in the treated hemisphere compared to baseline. Conclusion: For the first time, it is shown that bilateral FUS-induced BBB opening significantly and simultaneously ameliorates both coexistent pathologies, which translated to improvements in spatial memory of transgenic animals with complex AD, the human mimicking phenotype. The level of cognitive improvement was significantly correlated with the volume of BBB opening. Non-transgenic animals were also shown to exhibit similar memory amelioration for the first time, indicating that BBB opening results into benefits in the neuronal function regardless of the existence of AD pathology. A potential mechanism of action for the reduction of the both pathologies investigated was the cholesterol metabolism, specifically the LRP1b receptor, which exhibited increased expression levels in transgenic mice following FUS-induced BBB opening. Initial clinical evidence supported that the beta amyloid reduction shown in rodents could be translatable to humans with significant amyloid reduction shown in the treated hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Maria F. Murillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Tara Kugelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nancy Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Keyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Lawrence S. Honig
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Karen E. Duff
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
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22
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Vijay Kumar MJ, Morales R, Tsvetkov AS. G-quadruplexes and associated proteins in aging and Alzheimer's disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1164057. [PMID: 37323535 PMCID: PMC10267416 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1164057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms, accounting for most of the reported dementia cases. This disease is now becoming a major challenge and burden on modern society, especially with the aging population. Over the last few decades, a significant understanding of the pathophysiology of AD has been gained by studying amyloid deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the role of non-canonical secondary structures of DNA/RNA G-quadruplexes (G4s, G4-DNA, and G4-RNA), G4-binding proteins (G4BPs), and helicases, and their roles in aging and AD. Being critically important for cellular function, G4s are involved in the regulation of DNA and RNA processes, such as replication, transcription, translation, RNA localization, and degradation. Recent studies have also highlighted G4-DNA's roles in inducing DNA double-strand breaks that cause genomic instability and G4-RNA's participation in regulating stress granule formation. This review emphasizes the significance of G4s in aging processes and how their homeostatic imbalance may contribute to the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Vijay Kumar
- The Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- The Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- The Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Consortium on Aging, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Chen C, Wang X, Xu D, Zhang H, Chan HN, Zhan Z, Jia S, Song Q, Song G, Li HW, Wong MS. Multifunctional theranostic carbazole-based cyanine for real-time imaging of amyloid-β and therapeutic treatment of multiple pathologies in Alzheimer's disease. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37161476 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the synaptic and neuronal loss, which results in cognitive impairment in particular learning and memory. Currently, AD is incurable and no single confirmative test can clinically be used to diagnose AD. In light of the complex and multifactorial nature of AD etiology, the development of multifunctional/multi-target drugs that act on multiple pathological pathways and mechanisms shows great therapeutic potential for intervention of this devastating disease. We report herein a multifunctional theranostic cyanine, SLCOOH, which serves not only as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) contents in different age groups of transgenic (Tg) AD mice but also as an effective therapeutic agent for early AD intervention via multiple pathological targets in the AD mouse model. Remarkably, treatment with SLCOOH gives rise to multiple therapeutic benefits, including the amelioration of cognitive decline, a reduction in Aβ levels, a decrease in hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and tau depositions, and the alleviation of synaptic loss and dysfunctions in young triple Tg AD mice. Our results have demonstrated that in addition to superior Aβ imaging capability, SLCOOH exhibits versatile and effective multiple modes of drug action, signifying outstanding therapeutic potential to treat early onset AD. Our work also paves the way for the development of effective Aβ-targeted theranostic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
- Present address: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
| | - Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
| | - Zhonghao Zhan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shizheng Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingting Song
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR China.
| | - Guoli Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR China.
| | - Man Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
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24
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Tan RX, Li WH, Pang JM, Zhong SM, Huang XY, Deng JZ, Zhou LY, Wu JQ, Wang XQ. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2,2'-bipyridyl derivatives as bifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10651-5. [PMID: 37119457 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Metal ion dyshomeostasis and Aβ aggregation have been proposed to contribute to AD progression. Metal ions can bind to Aβ and promote Aβ aggregation, and ultimately lead to neuronal death. Bifunctional (metal chelation and Aβ interaction) compounds are showing promise against AD. In this work, eleven new 3,3'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine derivatives 4a-4k were synthesized, and evaluated as bifunctional agents for AD treatment. In vitro Aβ aggregation inhibition assay confirmed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition. Among them, compound 4d displayed the best inhibitory potency of self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation with IC50 value of 9.4 µM, and it could selectively chelate with Cu2+ and exhibited 66.2% inhibition of Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Meanwhile, compound 4d showed strong neuroprotective activity against Aβ1-42 and Cu2+-treated Aβ1-42 induced cell damage. Moreover, compound 4d in high dose significantly reversed Aβ-induced memory impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Min Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Min Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Ze Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Puentes-Díaz N, Chaparro D, Morales-Morales D, Flores-Gaspar A, Alí-Torres J. Role of Metal Cations of Copper, Iron, and Aluminum and Multifunctional Ligands in Alzheimer's Disease: Experimental and Computational Insights. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4508-4526. [PMID: 36777601 PMCID: PMC9909689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people around the world. Even though the causes of AD are not completely understood due to its multifactorial nature, some neuropathological hallmarks of its development have been related to the high concentration of some metal cations. These roles include the participation of these metal cations in the production of reactive oxygen species, which have been involved in neuronal damage. In order to avoid the increment in the oxidative stress, multifunctional ligands used to coordinate these metal cations have been proposed as a possible treatment to AD. In this review, we present the recent advances in experimental and computational works aiming to understand the role of two redox active and essential transition-metal cations (Cu and Fe) and one nonbiological metal (Al) and the recent proposals on the development of multifunctional ligands to stop or revert the damaging effects promoted by these metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Puentes-Díaz
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
| | - Diego Chaparro
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá 250240, Colombia
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto
de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá 250240, Colombia
- Areli Flores-Gaspar − Departamento de Química,
Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá, 250247, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
- Jorge Alí-Torres − Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, Sede Bogotá,11301, Bogotá, Colombia.
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26
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Elangovan S, Borody TJ, Holsinger RMD. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Reduces Pathology and Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010119. [PMID: 36611911 PMCID: PMC9818266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no known treatment or cure. Global disease projections warrant an urgent and rapid therapeutic for the treatment of this devastating disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a widely accepted and safely used treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and other metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. FMT has also been demonstrated to be a possible AD therapeutic. We examined the potential of FMT for the treatment of AD in a robust, mouse model of the disease and report that a brief, 7-day treatment regimen demonstrated 'plaque-busting' and behavior-modifying effects in treated 5xFAD mice. Importantly, we show that donor age plays an important role in the efficacy of the treatment and these findings warrant further investigation in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Elangovan
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas J. Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, Level 1, 229 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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