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He S, Shi L, Zheng ZW, Wu F, Ding CF. Differentiation of Cis/trans-geometrical isomers in long-chain unsaturated fatty acids based on ion mobility and theoretical calculations. Food Chem 2024; 457:140156. [PMID: 38936120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, fatty acids containing conjugated CCs have attracted extensive research attention due to their biological activities against human diseases. However, their differentiation is challenging. This study developed a comprehensive analytical solution to accurately differentiate cis/trans-fatty acid isomers using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and theoretical calculations. Cis/trans-fatty acids were mobility-differentiated via simple complexation with 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (9C3N) or 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (10C4N) and metal ions, obtaining baseline separation with a peak-to-peak resolution of 0.35-0.92. Moreover, the conformation of the complexes was optimized theoretically, revealing different binding modes between the cis/trans-fatty acid-9C3N/10C4N-metal ion systems, yielding in-depth structural data on the complexes and elucidating the principles of mobility separation. Furthermore, the proposed method was assessed in terms of quantification, accuracy, and precision repeatability. Finally, the method was applied to analyze oil samples. Given its simplicity, speed, and lack of chemical derivatization or chromatographic separation, this technique has potential applications in food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Lulu Shi
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zi-Wei Zheng
- Digital Industry Research Institute, Zhejiang Wanli University, No.8 South Qian Hu Road, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Desmarini D, Liu G, Jessen H, Bowring B, Connolly A, Crossett B, Djordjevic JT. Arg1 from Cryptococcus neoformans lacks PI3 kinase activity and conveys virulence roles via its IP 3-4 kinase activity. mBio 2024; 15:e0060824. [PMID: 38742909 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00608-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inositol tris/tetrakis phosphate kinases (IP3-4K) in the human fungal priority pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans (CnArg1) and Candida albicans (CaIpk2), convey numerous virulence functions, yet it is not known whether the IP3-4K catalytic activity or a scaffolding role is responsible. We therefore generated a C. neoformans strain with a non-functional kinase, referred to as the dead-kinase (dk) CnArg1 strain (dkArg1). We verified that, although dkARG1 cDNA cloned from this strain produced a protein with the expected molecular weight, dkArg1 was catalytically inactive with no IP3-4K activity. Using recombinant CnArg1 and CaIpk2, we confirmed that, unlike the IP3-4K homologs in humans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CnArg1 and CaIpk2 do not phosphorylate the lipid-based substrate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and therefore do not function as class I PI3Ks. Inositol polyphosphate profiling using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry revealed that IP3 conversion is blocked in the dkArg1 and ARG1 deletion (Cnarg1Δ) strains and that 1-IP7 and a recently discovered isomer (4/6-IP7) are made by wild-type C. neoformans. Importantly, the dkArg1 and Cnarg1Δ strains had similar virulence defects, including suppressed growth at 37°C, melanization, capsule production, and phosphate starvation response, and were avirulent in an insect model, confirming that virulence is dependent on IP3-4K catalytic activity. Our data also implicate the dkArg1 scaffold in transcriptional regulation of arginine metabolism but via a different mechanism to S. cerevisiae since CnArg1 is dispensable for growth on different nitrogen sources. IP3-4K catalytic activity therefore plays a dominant role in fungal virulence, and IPK pathway function has diverged in fungal pathogens.IMPORTANCEThe World Health Organization has emphasized the urgent need for global action in tackling the high morbidity and mortality rates stemming from invasive fungal infections, which are exacerbated by the limited variety and compromised effectiveness of available drug classes. Fungal IP3-4K is a promising target for new therapy, as it is critical for promoting virulence of the human fungal priority pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, and impacts numerous functions, including cell wall integrity. This contrasts to current therapies, which only target a single function. IP3-4K enzymes exert their effect through their inositol polyphosphate products or via the protein scaffold. Here, we confirm that the IP3-4K catalytic activity of CnArg1 promotes all virulence traits in C. neoformans that are attenuated by ARG1 deletion, reinforcing our ongoing efforts to find inositol polyphosphate effector proteins and to create inhibitors targeting the IP3-4K catalytic site, as a new antifungal drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmarini Desmarini
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guizhen Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Henning Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bethany Bowring
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Connolly
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julianne Teresa Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Khan A, Mallick M, Ladke JS, Bhandari R. The ring rules the chain - inositol pyrophosphates and the regulation of inorganic polyphosphate. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:567-580. [PMID: 38629621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of phosphate homeostasis serves as a foundation for energy metabolism and signal transduction processes in all living organisms. Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), composed of an inositol ring decorated with monophosphate and diphosphate moieties, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), chains of orthophosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, are energy-rich biomolecules that play critical roles in phosphate homeostasis. There is a complex interplay between these two phosphate-rich molecules, and they share an interdependent relationship with cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In eukaryotes, the enzymes involved in PP-InsP synthesis show some degree of conservation across species, whereas distinct enzymology exists for polyP synthesis among different organisms. In fact, the mechanism of polyP synthesis in metazoans, including mammals, is still unclear. Early studies on PP-InsP and polyP synthesis were conducted in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, but it is in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that a clear understanding of the interplay between polyP, PP-InsPs, and Pi homeostasis has now been established. Recent research has shed more light on the influence of PP-InsPs on polyP in mammals, and the regulation of both these molecules by cellular ATP and Pi levels. In this review we will discuss the cross-talk between PP-InsPs, polyP, ATP, and Pi in the context of budding yeast, slime mould, and mammals. We will also highlight the similarities and differences in the relationship between these phosphate-rich biomolecules among this group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Khan
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Manisha Mallick
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jayashree S Ladke
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
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Westhoff P, Weber APM. The role of metabolomics in informing strategies for improving photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1696-1713. [PMID: 38158893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis plays a vital role in acclimating to and mitigating climate change, providing food and energy security for a population that is constantly growing, and achieving an economy with zero carbon emissions. A thorough comprehension of the dynamics of photosynthesis, including its molecular regulatory network and limitations, is essential for utilizing it as a tool to boost plant growth, enhance crop yields, and support the production of plant biomass for carbon storage. Photorespiration constrains photosynthetic efficiency and contributes significantly to carbon loss. Therefore, modulating or circumventing photorespiration presents opportunities to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Over the past eight decades, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the key regulatory mechanisms involved, beginning with the discovery of the canonical Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Advanced chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies have allowed a comprehensive analysis of the metabolite patterns associated with photosynthesis, contributing to a deeper understanding of its regulation. In this review, we summarize the results of metabolomics studies that shed light on the molecular intricacies of photosynthetic metabolism. We also discuss the methodological requirements essential for effective analysis of photosynthetic metabolism, highlighting the value of this technology in supporting strategies aimed at enhancing photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Westhoff
- CEPLAS Plant Metabolomics and Metabolism Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Mihiret YE, Schaaf G, Kamleitner M. Protein pyrophosphorylation by inositol phosphates: a novel post-translational modification in plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1347922. [PMID: 38455731 PMCID: PMC10917965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1347922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are energy-rich molecules harboring one or more diphosphate moieties. PP-InsPs are found in all eukaryotes evaluated and their functional versatility is reflected in the various cellular events in which they take part. These include, among others, insulin signaling and intracellular trafficking in mammals, as well as innate immunity and hormone and phosphate signaling in plants. The molecular mechanisms by which PP-InsPs exert such functions are proposed to rely on the allosteric regulation via direct binding to proteins, by competing with other ligands, or by protein pyrophosphorylation. The latter is the focus of this review, where we outline a historical perspective surrounding the first findings, almost 20 years ago, that certain proteins can be phosphorylated by PP-InsPs in vitro. Strikingly, in vitro phosphorylation occurs by an apparent enzyme-independent but Mg2+-dependent transfer of the β-phosphoryl group of an inositol pyrophosphate to an already phosphorylated serine residue at Glu/Asp-rich protein regions. Ribosome biogenesis, vesicle trafficking and transcription are among the cellular events suggested to be modulated by protein pyrophosphorylation in yeast and mammals. Here we discuss the latest efforts in identifying targets of protein pyrophosphorylation, pointing out the methodological challenges that have hindered the full understanding of this unique post-translational modification, and focusing on the latest advances in mass spectrometry that finally provided convincing evidence that PP-InsP-mediated pyrophosphorylation also occurs in vivo. We also speculate about the relevance of this post-translational modification in plants in a discussion centered around the protein kinase CK2, whose activity is critical for pyrophosphorylation of animal and yeast proteins. This enzyme is widely present in plant species and several of its functions overlap with those of PP-InsPs. Until now, there is virtually no data on pyrophosphorylation of plant proteins, which is an exciting field that remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marília Kamleitner
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Qi J, Shi L, Zhu L, Chen Y, Zhu H, Cheng W, Chen AF, Fu C. Functions, Mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of the inositol pyrophosphates 5PP-InsP 5 and InsP 8 in mammalian cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:197-215. [PMID: 37615888 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble myo-inositol phosphates have long been characterized as second messengers. The signaling properties of these compounds are determined by the number and arrangement of phosphate groups on the myo-inositol backbone. Recently, higher inositol phosphates with pyrophosphate groups were recognized as signaling molecules. 5-Diphosphoinositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate (5PP-InsP5) is the most abundant isoform, constituting more than 90% of intracellular inositol pyrophosphates. 5PP-InsP5 can be further phosphorylated to 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate (InsP8). These two molecules, 5PP-InsP5 and InsP8, are present in various subcellular compartments, where they participate in regulating diverse cellular processes such as cell death, energy homeostasis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. The synthesis and metabolism of inositol pyrophosphates are subjected to tight regulation, allowing for their highly specific functions. Blocking the 5PP-InsP5/InsP8 signaling pathway by inhibiting the biosynthesis of 5PP-InsP5 demonstrates therapeutic benefits in preclinical studies, and thus holds promise as a therapeutic approach for certain diseases treatment, such as metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Linhui Shi
- Department of Critical Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limei Zhu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chenglai Fu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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7
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Ito M, Fujii N, Kohara S, Tanaka M, Takao M, Mihara B, Saito Y, Mizuma A, Nakayama T, Netsu S, Suzuki N, Kakita A, Nagata E. Elevation of inositol pyrophosphate IP 7 in the mammalian spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1334004. [PMID: 38274887 PMCID: PMC10808411 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1334004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive impairment of spinal motor neurons. Continuous research endeavor is underway to fully understand the molecular mechanisms associating with this disorder. Although several studies have implied the involvement of inositol pyrophosphate IP7 in ALS, there is no direct experimental evidence proving this notion. In this study, we analyzed inositol pyrophosphate IP7 and its precursor IP6 in the mouse and human ALS biological samples to directly assess whether IP7 level and/or its metabolism are altered in ALS disease state. Methods We used a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) protocol originally-designed for mammalian IP6 and IP7 analysis. We measured the abundance of these molecules in the central nervous system (CNS) of ALS mouse model SOD1(G93A) transgenic (TG) mice as well as postmortem spinal cord of ALS patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ALS patients were also analyzed to assess if IP7 status in these biofluids is associated with ALS disease state. Results SOD1(G93A) TG mice showed significant increase of IP7 level in the spinal cord compared with control mice at the late stage of disease progression, while its level in cerebrum and cerebellum remains constant. We also observed significantly elevated IP7 level and its product-to-precursor ratio (IP7/IP6) in the postmortem spinal cord of ALS patients, suggesting enhanced enzymatic activity of IP7-synthesizing kinases in the human ALS spinal cord. In contrast, human CSF did not contain detectable level of IP6 and IP7, and neither the IP7 level nor the IP7/IP6 ratio in human PBMCs differentiated ALS patients from age-matched healthy individuals. Conclusion By directly analyzing IP7 in the CNS of ALS mice and humans, the findings of this study provide direct evidence that IP7 level and/or the enzymatic activity of IP7-generating kinases IP6Ks are elevated in ALS spinal cord. On the other hand, this study also showed that IP7 is not suitable for biofluid-based ALS diagnosis. Further investigation is required to elucidate a role of IP7 in ALS pathology and utilize IP7 metabolism on the diagnostic application of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Saori Kohara
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Ban Mihara
- Department of Neurology, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizuma
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Taira Nakayama
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shizuka Netsu
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Chabert V, Kim GD, Qiu D, Liu G, Michaillat Mayer L, Jamsheer K M, Jessen HJ, Mayer A. Inositol pyrophosphate dynamics reveals control of the yeast phosphate starvation program through 1,5-IP 8 and the SPX domain of Pho81. eLife 2023; 12:RP87956. [PMID: 37728314 PMCID: PMC10511240 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells control inorganic phosphate to balance its role as essential macronutrient with its negative bioenergetic impact on reactions liberating phosphate. Phosphate homeostasis depends on the conserved INPHORS signaling pathway that utilizes inositol pyrophosphates and SPX receptor domains. Since cells synthesize various inositol pyrophosphates and SPX domains bind them promiscuously, it is unclear whether a specific inositol pyrophosphate regulates SPX domains in vivo, or whether multiple inositol pyrophosphates act as a pool. In contrast to previous models, which postulated that phosphate starvation is signaled by increased production of the inositol pyrophosphate 1-IP7, we now show that the levels of all detectable inositol pyrophosphates of yeast, 1-IP7, 5-IP7, and 1,5-IP8, strongly decline upon phosphate starvation. Among these, specifically the decline of 1,5-IP8 triggers the transcriptional phosphate starvation response, the PHO pathway. 1,5-IP8 inactivates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Pho81 through its SPX domain. This stimulates the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85-Pho80 to phosphorylate the transcription factor Pho4 and repress the PHO pathway. Combining our results with observations from other systems, we propose a unified model where 1,5-IP8 signals cytosolic phosphate abundance to SPX proteins in fungi, plants, and mammals. Its absence triggers starvation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Chabert
- Département d'immunobiologie, Université de LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Geun-Don Kim
- Département d'immunobiologie, Université de LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Danye Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Guizhen Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | | | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Département d'immunobiologie, Université de LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
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Eisenbeis VB, Qiu D, Gorka O, Strotmann L, Liu G, Prucker I, Su XB, Wilson MSC, Ritter K, Loenarz C, Groß O, Saiardi A, Jessen HJ. β-lapachone regulates mammalian inositol pyrophosphate levels in an NQO1- and oxygen-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306868120. [PMID: 37579180 PMCID: PMC10450438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306868120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are energetic signaling molecules with important functions in mammals. As their biosynthesis depends on ATP concentration, PP-InsPs are tightly connected to cellular energy homeostasis. Consequently, an increasing number of studies involve PP-InsPs in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, aspects of tumorigenesis, and hyperphosphatemia. Research conducted in yeast suggests that the PP-InsP pathway is activated in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the precise modulation of PP-InsPs during cellular ROS signaling is unknown. Here, we report how mammalian PP-InsP levels are changing during exposure to exogenous (H2O2) and endogenous ROS. Using capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS), we found that PP-InsP levels decrease upon exposure to oxidative stressors in HCT116 cells. Application of quinone drugs, particularly β-lapachone (β-lap), under normoxic and hypoxic conditions enabled us to produce ROS in cellulo and to show that β-lap treatment caused PP-InsP changes that are oxygen-dependent. Experiments in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells deficient of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) demonstrated that β-lap requires NQO1 bioactivation to regulate the cellular metabolism of PP-InsPs. Critically, significant reductions in cellular ATP concentrations were not directly mirrored in reduced PP-InsP levels as shown in NQO1-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells treated with β-lap. The data presented here unveil unique aspects of β-lap pharmacology and its impact on PP-InsP levels. The identification of different quinone drugs as modulators of PP-InsP synthesis will allow the overall impact on cellular function of such drugs to be better appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena B. Eisenbeis
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Danye Qiu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
- The Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79106, Germany
| | - Lisa Strotmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Guizhen Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
- The Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Isabel Prucker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Xue Bessie Su
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BTLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda S. C. Wilson
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BTLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Ritter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Christoph Loenarz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- The Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79106, Germany
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BTLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
- The Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau79104, Germany
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Ritter K, Jork N, Unmüßig AS, Köhn M, Jessen HJ. Assigning the Absolute Configuration of Inositol Poly- and Pyrophosphates by NMR Using a Single Chiral Solvating Agent. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1150. [PMID: 37509185 PMCID: PMC10377360 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol phosphates constitute a family of highly charged messenger molecules that play diverse roles in cellular processes. The various phosphorylation patterns they exhibit give rise to a vast array of different compounds. To fully comprehend the biological interconnections, the precise molecular identification of each compound is crucial. Since the myo-inositol scaffold possesses an internal mirror plane, enantiomeric pairs can be formed. Most commonly employed methods for analyzing InsPs have been geared towards resolving regioisomers, but they have not been capable of resolving enantiomers. In this study, we present a general approach for enantiomer assignment using NMR measurements. To achieve this goal, we used 31P-NMR in the presence of L-arginine amide as a chiral solvating agent, which enables the differentiation of enantiomers. Using chemically synthesized standard compounds allows for an unambiguous assignment of the enantiomers. This method was applied to highly phosphorylated inositol pyrophosphates, as well as to lowly phosphorylated inositol phosphates and bisphosphonate analogs. Our method will facilitate the assignment of biologically relevant isomers when isolating naturally occurring compounds from biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Jork
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Unmüßig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology 3, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS-Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Qiu D, Lange E, Haas TM, Prucker I, Masuda S, Wang YL, Felix G, Schaaf G, Jessen HJ. Bacterial Pathogen Infection Triggers Magic Spot Nucleotide Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplasts through Specific RelA/SpoT Homologues. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37437195 PMCID: PMC10375528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Magic spot nucleotides (p)ppGpp are important signaling molecules in bacteria and plants. In the latter, RelA-SpoT homologue (RSH) enzymes are responsible for (p)ppGpp turnover. Profiling of (p)ppGpp is more difficult in plants than in bacteria due to lower concentrations and more severe matrix effects. Here, we report that capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) can be deployed to study (p)ppGpp abundance and identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. This goal is achieved by combining a titanium dioxide extraction protocol and pre-spiking with chemically synthesized stable isotope-labeled internal reference compounds. The high sensitivity and separation efficiency of CE-MS enables monitoring of changes in (p)ppGpp levels in A. thaliana upon infection with the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (PstDC3000). We observed a significant increase of ppGpp post infection that is also stimulated by the flagellin peptide flg22 only. This increase depends on functional flg22 receptor FLS2 and its interacting kinase BAK1 indicating that pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor-mediated signaling controls ppGpp levels. Transcript analyses showed an upregulation of RSH2 upon flg22 treatment and both RSH2 and RSH3 after PstDC3000 infection. Arabidopsis mutants deficient in RSH2 and RSH3 activity display no ppGpp accumulation upon infection and flg22 treatment, supporting the involvement of these synthases in PAMP-triggered innate immune responses to pathogens within the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danye Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS─Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Lange
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas M Haas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Prucker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yan L Wang
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Felix
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS─Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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