1
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Zhang R, Yu X, Sun Y, Su C, Wang T, Yu J, Niu N, Chen L, Ding L. A rapid and accurate fluorescent sensor array based on lanthanide metal-organic framework for identification and determination of perfluorinated compounds. Talanta 2024; 280:126764. [PMID: 39197314 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), as an important class of environmental pollutants, have chemical and structural similarities that make their detection a great technical challenge. This study synthesized three species of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using different lanthanide metal ions or organic ligands, which were integrated into a fluorescent sensor array. This innovative approach offers a straightforward, rapid, and precise detection strategy for PFCs. Different ionization properties and fluorinated hydrophobic tails of PFCs lead to different electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effects between PFCs and sensing elements, which become the basis for differential sensing. Furthermore, the fluorescence signal is more convenient to collect, making the sensor array simple to complete the identification. Combined with pattern recognition methods, the array successfully identified seven kinds of PFCs and mixtures with a classification accuracy of 100 % and a detection limit as low as 51 nM. Finally, the utility of the sensor array in river water sample analysis was verified. The strategy provides an effective method for identifying and determining PFCs and offers new opportunities for developing sensor arrays based on lanthanide MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renguo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xueling Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yining Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenglin Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Lan Ding
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianiin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
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2
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Gao TN, Yang Z, Goed JMS, Zuilhof H, Miloserdov FM. Rim-differentiated pillar[5]arene-modified surfaces for rapid PFOA/PFOS detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9789-9792. [PMID: 39161305 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A new rim-differentiated pillar[5]arene (RD-P5) has been synthesized and immobilized onto an Al2O3 surface for the rapid detection of perfluoroalkyl acids. This P5-Al2O3 surface provides a novel approach for measuring perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using contact angle measurements, with limits of detection down to 10 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Nan Gao
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Imec within OnePlanet Research Center, Bronland 10, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse M S Goed
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wetsus, Oostergoweg 4, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Fedor M Miloserdov
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Chen J, Moreno JL, Zhang W, Gibson-Elias LJ, Lian R, Najafi S, Zhang H, Zhong W, Hooley RJ. Optical discrimination of terpenes in citrus peels with a host:guest sensing array. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5598-5601. [PMID: 38712724 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A simple aqueous host:guest sensing array can selectively discriminate between different types of citrus varietal from peel extract samples. It can also distinguish between identical citrus samples at varying stages of ripening. The discrimination effects stem from detection of changes in the terpenoid composition of the peel extracts by the host:guest array, despite the overwhelming excess of a single component, limonene, in each sample. The hosts are insensitive to limonene but bind other monoterpenes strongly, even though they are similar in structure to the major limonene component. This work demonstrates the capability of host:guest arrays in sensing target molecules in environments with the competing agents present at high abundances in the sample matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Jose L Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Lucas J Gibson-Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Ria Lian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Saba Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.
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4
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Chaudhary KN, Brosnahan KI, Gibson-Elias LJ, Moreno JL, Hickey BL, Hooley RJ, Caulkins BG. Investigation of the effects on proton relaxation times upon encapsulation in a water-soluble synthetic receptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10183-10190. [PMID: 38497123 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sequestration of small molecule guests in the cavity of a water-soluble deep cavitand host has a variety of effects on their NMR properties. The effects of encapsulation on the longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the protons in variably sized guest molecules are analyzed here, using inversion recovery and spin-echo experiments. Sequestration of neutral organic species from the bulk solvent reduces the overall proton relaxation times, but the magnitude of this effect on different protons in the same molecule has a variety of contributors, from the motion of the guest when bound, to the position of the protons in the cavity and the magnetic anisotropy induced by the aromatic walls of the host. These subtle effects can have large consequences on the environment experienced by the bound guest, and this sheds light on the nature of small molecules in enclosed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Chaudhary
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, 91711, USA.
| | - Kyra I Brosnahan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, 91711, USA.
| | - Lucas J Gibson-Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jose L Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Briana L Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bethany G Caulkins
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, California, 91711, USA.
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5
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Zhu H, Pesce L, Chowdhury R, Xue W, Wu K, Ronson TK, Friend RH, Pavan GM, Nitschke JR. Stereocontrolled Self-Assembly of a Helicate-Bridged Cu I12L 4 Cage That Emits Circularly Polarized Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2379-2386. [PMID: 38251985 PMCID: PMC10835658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Control over the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages can give rise to useful functions that are entwined with chirality, such as stereoselective guest binding and chiroptical applications. Here, we report a chiral CuI12L4 pseudo-octahedral cage that self-assembled from condensation of triaminotriptycene, aminoquinaldine, and diformylpyridine subcomponents around CuI templates. The corners of this cage consist of six head-to-tail dicopper(I) helicates whose helical chirality can be controlled by the addition of enantiopure 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) during the assembly process. Chiroptical and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies elucidated the process and mechanism of stereochemical information transfer from BINOL to the cage during the assembly process. Initially formed CuI(BINOL)2 thus underwent stereoselective ligand exchange during the formation of the chiral helicate corners of the cage, which determined the overall cage stereochemistry. The resulting dicopper(I) helicate corners of the cage were also shown to generate circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Pesce
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Weichao Xue
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
- Department
of Applied Science and Techology, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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6
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Bui B, Tang L, Xue J, Chen M, Chen W. The Latest Sensor Detection Methods for per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38234139 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2299233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as a prominent environmental pollutant in recent years, primarily due to their tendency to accumulate and magnify in both the environment and living organisms. The entry of PFASs into the environment can have detrimental effects on human health. Hence, it is crucial to actively monitor and detect the presence of PFASs. The current standard detection method of PFAS is the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry. However, this requires expensive instruments, extra sample pretreatment steps, complicated operation and long analysis time. As a result, new methods that do not rely on chromatography and mass spectrometry have been developed and applied. These alternative methods mainly include optical and electrochemical sensor methods, which offer great potential in terms of real-time field detection, instrument miniaturization, shorter analysis time, and reduced detection cost. This review provides a summary of recent advancements in PFAS detection sensors. We categorize and explain the principles and mechanisms of these sensors, and compare their limits of detection and sensitivity. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and improvements needed for PFAS sensors, such as field application, commercialization, and other related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Brian Bui
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Liming Tang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- School of CHIPS, Xi'an Jiaotong-Loverpool University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Cho S, Kim Y. J-Aggregate-Triggering BODIPYs: an Ultrasensitive Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Sensing Platform for Perfluorooctanesulfonate. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302897. [PMID: 37864280 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of water supplies by polyfluoroalkyl substances, notably perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has serious health and environmental consequences. Therefore, the development of straightforward and effective means of monitoring and removing PFASs is urgently required. In this study, we report a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of PFOS and PFOA in water that rely on the J-aggregate formation of meso-ester-BODIPY dyes. The dye C10-mim, which contains a hydrophilic methylimidazolium group and a hydrophobic alkylated BODIPY, self-assembles in water into weakly green-emissive micellar assemblies. Upon binding to PFOS or PFOA, a spontaneous disassembly and reorganization forms orange-emissive J-aggregates. The rapid formation (≤5 s) of J-aggregates and the accompanying spectral shifts provide a superior sensing performance, with excellent sensitivity (limit of detection=0.18 ppb for PFOS) and distinct chromogenic and fluorogenic "turn-on" responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
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8
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Day EC, Chittari SS, Bogen MP, Knight AS. Navigating the Expansive Landscapes of Soft Materials: A User Guide for High-Throughput Workflows. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:406-427. [PMID: 38107416 PMCID: PMC10722570 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are highly customizable with tailored structures and functionality, yet this versatility generates challenges in the design of advanced materials due to the size and complexity of the design space. Thus, exploration and optimization of polymer properties using combinatorial libraries has become increasingly common, which requires careful selection of synthetic strategies, characterization techniques, and rapid processing workflows to obtain fundamental principles from these large data sets. Herein, we provide guidelines for strategic design of macromolecule libraries and workflows to efficiently navigate these high-dimensional design spaces. We describe synthetic methods for multiple library sizes and structures as well as characterization methods to rapidly generate data sets, including tools that can be adapted from biological workflows. We further highlight relevant insights from statistics and machine learning to aid in data featurization, representation, and analysis. This Perspective acts as a "user guide" for researchers interested in leveraging high-throughput screening toward the design of multifunctional polymers and predictive modeling of structure-property relationships in soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew P. Bogen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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9
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Concellón A, Swager TM. Detection of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Interrupted Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309928. [PMID: 37795918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous environments has aroused societal concern. Nonetheless, effective sensing technologies for continuous monitoring of PFAS within water distribution infrastructures currently do not exist. Herein, we describe a ratiometric sensing approach to selectively detect aqueous perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at concentrations of μg ⋅ L-1 . Our method relies on the excitonic transport in a highly fluorinated poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) to amplify a ratiometric emission signal modulated by an embedded fluorinated squaraine dye. The electronic coupling between the polymer and dye occurs through overlap of π-orbitals and is designed such that energy transfer is dominated by an electron-exchange (Dexter) mechanism. Exposure to aqueous solutions of PFAS perturbs the orbital interactions between the squaraine dye and the polymer backbone, thereby diminishing the efficiency of the energy transfer and producing a "polymer-ON/dye-OFF" response. These polymer/dye combinations were evaluated in spin-coated films and polymer nanoparticles and were able to selectively detect PFAS at concentrations of ca. 150 ppb and ca. 50 ppb, respectively. Both polymer films and nanoparticles are not affected by the type of water, and similar responses to PFAS were found in milliQ and well water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Present address: Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Song D, Lei L, Tian T, Yang X, Wang L, Li Y, Huang H. A novel strategy for identification of pesticides in different categories by concentration-independent model based on a nanozyme with multienzyme-like activities. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115458. [PMID: 37311405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional rapid detection methods are difficult to identify or distinguish various pesticide residues at the same time. And sensor arrays are also limited by the complexity of preparing multiple receptors and high cost. To address this challenge, a single material with multiple properties is considered. Herein, we first found that different categories of pesticides have diverse regulatory behaviors on the multiple catalytic activities of Asp-Cu nanozyme. Thus, a three-channel sensor array based on the laccase-like, peroxidase-like, and superoxide dismutase-like activities of Asp-Cu nanozyme was constructed and successfully used for the discrimination of eight kinds of pesticides (glyphosate, phosmet, isocarbophos, carbaryl, pentachloronitrobenzene, metsulfuron-methyl, etoxazole, and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid). In addition, a concentration-independent model for qualitative identification of pesticides has been established, and 100% correctness was achieved in the recognition of unknown samples. Then, the sensor array also exhibited excellent interference immunity and was reliable for real sample analysis. It provided a reference for pesticide efficient detection and food quality supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Lulu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Water Resources and Aquatic Environment of Jilin Province, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China.
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11
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Simonini Steiner YT, Romano GM, Massai L, Lippi M, Paoli P, Rossi P, Savastano M, Bencini A. Pyrene-Containing Polyamines as Fluorescent Receptors for Recognition of PFOA in Aqueous Media. Molecules 2023; 28:4552. [PMID: 37299033 PMCID: PMC10254721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally widespread perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a concerning environmental contaminant, with a possible toxic long-term effects on the environment and human health The development of sensible, rapid, and low-cost detection systems is a current change in modern environmental chemistry. In this context, two triamine-based chemosensors, L1 and L2, containing a fluorescent pyrene unit, and their Zn(II) complexes are proposed as fluorescent probes for the detection of PFOA in aqueous media. Binding studies carried out by means of fluorescence and NMR titrations highlight that protonated forms of the receptors can interact with the carboxylate group of PFOA, thanks to salt bridge formation with the ammonium groups of the aliphatic chain. This interaction induces a decrease in the fluorescence emission of pyrene at neutral and slightly acidic pH values. Similarly, emission quenching has also been observed upon coordination of PFOA by the Zn(II) complexes of the receptors. These results evidence that simple polyamine-based molecular receptors can be employed for the optical recognition of harmful pollutant molecules, such as PFOA, in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yschtar Tecla Simonini Steiner
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (Y.T.S.S.); (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Giammarco Maria Romano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (Y.T.S.S.); (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (Y.T.S.S.); (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Lippi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (M.L.); (P.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (M.L.); (P.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Firenze, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (M.L.); (P.P.); (P.R.)
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (Y.T.S.S.); (L.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (Y.T.S.S.); (L.M.); (M.S.)
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12
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Concellón A, Castro-Esteban J, Swager TM. Ultratrace PFAS Detection Using Amplifying Fluorescent Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11420-11430. [PMID: 37167538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly(fluoroalkyl) substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent pollutants that are of growing concern due to their detrimental effects at ultratrace concentrations (ng·L-1) in human and environmental health. Suitable technologies for on-site ultratrace detection of PFAS do not exist and current methods require complex and specialized equipment, making the monitoring of PFAS in distributed water infrastructures extremely challenging. Herein, we describe amplifying fluorescent polymers (AFPs) that can selectively detect perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at concentrations of ng·L-1. The AFPs are highly fluorinated and have poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) and polyfluorene backbones bearing pyridine-based selectors that react with acidic PFAS via a proton-transfer reaction. The fluorinated regions within the polymers partition PFAS into polymers, whereas the protonated pyridine units create lower-energy traps for the excitons, and emission from these pyridinium sites results in red-shifting of the fluorescence spectra. The AFPs are evaluated in thin-film and nanoparticle forms and can selectively detect PFAS concentrations of ∼1 ppb and ∼100 ppt, respectively. Both polymer films and nanoparticles are not affected by the type of water, and similar responses to PFAS were found in milliQ water, DI water, and well water. These results demonstrate a promising sensing approach for on-site detection of aqueous PFAS in the ng·L-1 range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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