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Shu M, Wang J, Xu Z, Lu T, He Y, Li R, Zhong G, Yan Y, Zhang Y, Chu X, Ke J. Targeting nanoplatform synergistic glutathione depletion-enhanced chemodynamic, microwave dynamic, and selective-microwave thermal to treat lung cancer bone metastasis. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:544-561. [PMID: 38883314 PMCID: PMC11179176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Once bone metastasis occurs in lung cancer, the efficiency of treatment can be greatly reduced. Current mainstream treatments are focused on inhibiting cancer cell growth and preventing bone destruction. Microwave ablation (MWA) has been used to treat bone tumors. However, MWA may damage the surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, it could be beneficial to develop a nanocarrier combined with microwave to treat bone metastasis. Herein, a microwave-responsive nanoplatform (MgFe2O4@ZOL) was constructed. MgFe2O4@ZOL NPs release the cargos of Fe3+, Mg2+ and zoledronic acid (ZOL) in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Fe3+ can deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalyze H2O2 to generate •OH, resulting in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). In addition, the microwave can significantly enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enabling the effective implementation of microwave dynamic therapy (MDT). Moreover, Mg2+ and ZOL promote osteoblast differentiation. In addition, MgFe2O4@ZOL NPs could target and selectively heat tumor tissue and enhance the effect of microwave thermal therapy (MTT). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that synergistic targeting, GSH depletion-enhanced CDT, MDT, and selective MTT exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and bone repair. This multimodal combination therapy provides a promising strategy for the treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Shu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jingguang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Teliang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Renshan Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Guoqing Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yunbo Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Functional Repair of Bone Defects and Biomaterials, Guangdong, 510080, China
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Younas R, Jubeen F, Bano N, Andreescu S, Zhang H, Hayat A. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as carrier for improved drug delivery and biosensing applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2017-2049. [PMID: 38665008 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) represent a significant subclass of nanoporous materials in the field of materials science, offering exceptional characteristics for advanced applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a novel and intriguing type of porous material, have garnered considerable attention due to their unique design capabilities, diverse nature, and wide-ranging applications. The unique structural features of COFs, such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and chemical stability, render them highly attractive for various applications, including targeted and controlled drug release, as well as improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the methods employed in creating COFs with specific properties that can be effectively utilized in biomedical applications. To address this indispensable fact, this review paper commences with a concise summary of the different methods and classifications utilized in synthesizing COFs. Second, it highlights the recent advancements in COFs for drug delivery, including drug carriers as well as the classification of drug delivery systems and biosensing, encompassing drugs, biomacromolecules, small biomolecules and the detection of biomarkers. While exploring the potential of COFs in the biomedical field, it is important to acknowledge the limitations that researchers may encounter, which could impact the practicality of their applications. Third, this paper concludes with a thought-provoking discussion that thoroughly addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with leveraging COFs for biomedical applications. This review paper aims to contribute to the scientific community's understanding of the immense potential of COFs in improving drug delivery systems and enhancing the performance of biosensors in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Younas
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Bano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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3
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Liu Q, Pan W, Zhang J, Yang M, Chen Q, Liu F, Li J, Wei S, Zhu G. Porphyrin-based porous organic polymers synthesized using the Alder-Longo method: the most traditional synthetic strategy with exceptional capacity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20837-20855. [PMID: 38952933 PMCID: PMC11216041 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin is a typical tetrapyrrole chromophore-based pigment with a special electronic structure and functionalities, which is frequently introduced into various porous organic polymers (POPs). Porphyrin-based POPs are widely used in various fields ranging from environmental and energy to biomedicine-related fields. Currently, most porphyrin-based POPs are prepared via the copolymerization of specific-group-functionalized porphyrins with other building blocks, in which the tedious and inefficient synthesis procedure for the porphyrin greatly hinders the development of such materials. This review aimed to summarize information on porphyrin-based POPs synthesized using the Alder-Longo method, thereby skipping the complex synthesis of porphyrin-bearing monomers, in which the porphyrin macrocycles are formed directly via the cyclic tetramerization of pyrrole with monomers containing multiple aldehyde groups during the polymerization process. The representative applications of porphyrin-based POPs derived using the Alder-Longo method are finally introduced, which pinpoints a clear relationship between the structure and function from the aspect of the building blocks used and porous structures. This review is therefore valuable for the rational design of efficient porphyrin-based porous organic polymer systems that may be utilized in various fields from energy-related conversion/storage technologies to biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Shandong Second Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Wen Pan
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Junshan Zhang
- Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University Weifang 261041 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University Weifang 261041 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Songrui Wei
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
| | - Guoji Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University Suzhou 215008 PR China
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Wang S, Zhang J, Chu L, Xiao H, Miao C, Pan Z, Qiao Y, Wang Z, Zhou B. Crown-ether threaded covalent organic polyrotaxane framework (COPF) towards synergistic crown/Zn 2+/photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial and infected wound healing therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213814. [PMID: 38417206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Controllable preparation of materials with new structure has always been the top priority of polymer materials science research. Here, the supramolecular binding strategy is adopted to develop covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with novel structures and functions. Based on this, a two-dimensional crown-ether ring threaded covalent organic framework (COF), denoted as Crown-COPF with intrinsic photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) therapeutic capacity, was facilely developed using crown-ether threaded rotaxane and porphyrin as building blocks. Crown-COPF with discrete mechanically interlocked blocks in the open pore could be used as a molecular machine, in which crown-ether served as the wheel sliding along the axle under the laser stimulation. As a result, Crown-COPF combining with the bactericidal power of crown ether displayed a significant photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial activity towards both the Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), far exceeding the traditional Crown-free COF. Noteworthily, the bactericidal performance could be further enhanced via impregnation of Zn2+ ions (Crown-COPF-Zn) flexible coordinated with the multiple coordination sites (crown-ether, bipyridine, and porphyrin), which not only endow the positive charge with the skeleton, enhancing its ability to bind to the bacterial membrane, but also introduce the bactericidal ability of zinc ions. Notably, in vivo experiments on mice with back infections indicates Crown-COPF-Zn with self-adaptive multinuclear zinc center, could effectively promote the repairing of wounds. This study paves a new avenue for the effectively preparation of porous polymers with brand new structure, which provides opportunities for COF and mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261044, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lichao Chu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261044, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hongquan Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261044, Shandong, PR China
| | - Changqing Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Zhengxuan Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261044, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Zengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China.
| | - Baolong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China.
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5
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Chen P, Li Y, Dai Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li G. Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks as doxorubicin delivery system for chemo-photodynamic synergistic therapy of tumors. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104063. [PMID: 38527660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment method that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can achieve targeted drug release, thereby significantly reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF) with an approximately spherical structure connected by azo bonds was synthesized. The synthesized COF was utilized as a hypoxia-responsive carrier for doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery and was modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). DOX@COF@HA exhibited a reactive release under hypoxic conditions. Under normal oxygen conditions, the release of DOX was 16.9 %, increasing to 60.2 % with the addition of sodium hydrosulfite. In vitro experiments revealed that the group combining photodynamic therapy with chemotherapy exhibited the lowest survival rates for 4T1 and MHCC97-L cells. In vivo experiments further validated the effectiveness of combination therapy, resulting in a tumor volume of only 33 mm3 after treatment, with no significant change in mouse weight during the treatment period. DOX@COF@HA nanoplatforms exhibit substantial potential in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinggui Chen
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Yaoxuan Li
- Department of School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, PR China
| | - Yunyan Dai
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, PR China.
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6
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He L, Wang L, He Z, Pang CH, Tang B, Wu A, Li J. Strategies for utilizing covalent organic frameworks as host materials for the integration and delivery of bioactives. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1126-1151. [PMID: 38112198 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01492d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new and developing class of porous framework materials, are considered a type of promising carrier for the integration and delivery of bioactives, which have diverse fascinating merits, such as a large specific surface area, designable and specific porosity, stable and orderly framework structure, and various active sites. However, owing to the significant differences among bioactives (including drugs, proteins, nucleic acid, and exosomes), such as size, structure, and physicochemical properties, the interaction between COFs and bioactives also varies. In this review, we firstly summarize three strategies for the construction of single or hybrid COF-based matrices for the delivery of cargos, including encapsulation, covalent binding, and coordination bonding. Besides, their smart response release behaviors are also categorized. Subsequently, the applications of cargo@COF biocomposites in biomedicine are comprehensively summarized, including tumor therapy, central nervous system (CNS) modulation, biomarker analysis, bioimaging, and anti-bacterial therapy. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Zhen He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
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Qiang L, Bai H, Li XY, Yang HL, Gong CB, Tang Q. A Visible Light Responsive Smart Covalent Organic Framework with a Bridged Azobenzene Backbone. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300506. [PMID: 38134364 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of 3,3'-diamino-2,2'-ethylene-bridged azobenzene with 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-formylphenyl) benzene produces a visible light responsive porous 2D covalent organic framework, COF-bAzo-TFPB, with a large surface area, good crystallinity, and thermal and chemical stability. The results demonstrate that the elaborated designed linker can make azo unit on the COF-bAzo-TFPB skeleton undergo reversible photoisomerization. This work expands the application scope of covalent organic frameworks in photo-controlled release, uptake of guest molecules, dynamic photoswitching, and UV-sensitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hao Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bin Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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8
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Kaplan HM, Pazarci P. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Tempol, Methotrexate, and Their Combinations on the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6658-6662. [PMID: 38371775 PMCID: PMC10870381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer holds the top position among the cancers occurring in women. Despite the utilization of surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, there is currently no conclusive treatment available to prevent breast cancer. New treatment approaches are being studied since traditional chemotherapeutics also damage healthy cells. Tempol (TPL) is a potent antioxidant agent that has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity. The objective of this research was to examine the impacts on cell proliferation and apoptosis by using methotrexate (MTX) and TPL individually and in combination on MCF7 breast cancer cells. MCF7 cells were exposed to TPL, MTX, and MTX + TPL for 48 h. The effects of the administered drugs on cell viability were determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis was conducted to assess the levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and the activity of caspase-3 in MCF7 cells. Increasing concentrations of TPL and MTX significantly decreased the proliferation in MCF7 cells in both solo and combined use. Solo and combined use of TPL and MTX significantly increased caspase-3 activity and Bax levels and significantly decreased Bcl-2 levels in the cells. This study revealed that the solo use of TPL and MTX inhibited proliferation and increased apoptotic activity in the cells. In addition, TPL increased the antiproliferative and apoptosis efficiency of MTX on cancer cells as a result of the combined use of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil M. Kaplan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova
University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Percin Pazarci
- Department
of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
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9
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Di Y, Deng R, Liu Z, Mao Y, Gao Y, Zhao Q, Wang S. Optimized strategies of ROS-based nanodynamic therapies for tumor theranostics. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122391. [PMID: 37995457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating the metabolism of tumor growth, metastasis, death and other biological processes. ROS-based nanodynamic therapies (NDTs) are becoming attractive due to non-invasive, low side effects and tumor-specific advantages. NDTs have rapidly developed into numerous branches, such as photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and so on. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the limitations of existing sensitizers have greatly restricted the therapeutic effects of NDTs, which heavily rely on ROS levels. To address the limitations of NDTs, various strategies have been developed to increase ROS yield, which is an urgent aspect for the positive development of NDTs. In this review, the nanodynamic potentiation strategies in terms of unique properties and universalities of NDTs are comprehensively outlined. We mainly summarize the current dilemmas faced by each NDT and the respective solutions. Meanwhile, the NDTs universalities-based potentiation strategies and NDTs-based combined treatments are elaborated. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the key issues and challenges faced in the development and clinical transformation of NDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Di
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Ruizhu Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China.
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10
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Yu Z, Wang Y, Cai M, Chen J, Zou Q, Fan Q, Zhang L. Plasmonic nanoprobes on single AuNTs for evaluating and monitoring the dynamic release of 2D drug carriers. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11164-11172. [PMID: 37982293 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in drug delivery has gained significant attention in recent years. In this project, we developed a novel localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanoprobe on single gold triangular nanoplates (AuNTs) for dynamic monitoring of the drug carrier release process. Graphene, as the drug carrier, could be immobilized on the AuNT surface through the π-π* stacking effect. Upon loading or releasing the model drug (doxorubicin, DOX), subtle changes in the local microenvironment's dielectric constant around the AuNTs induced notable red-shifts or blue-shifts in the LSPR scattering spectra of single AuNTs. Furthermore, the spectral shifts led to a continuous enhancement in the red channel of the dark field microscopy (DFM) images during the drug release process in vitro, demonstrating that the drug release system is not susceptible to potential confounding factors. These release kinetics results under different conditions could be well-fitted using the Higuchi desorption model, further proving that this nanoprobe could be employed for evaluating the controlled release ability of 2D nanocarriers. These findings are expected to inspire new ideas and technologies in the preparation of more effective drug carriers, making a significant contribution to the development of drug delivery nanosystems and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiachang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qirong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Hao JN, Ge K, Chen G, Dai B, Li Y. Strategies to engineer various nanocarrier-based hybrid catalysts for enhanced chemodynamic cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7707-7736. [PMID: 37874584 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00356f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a newly developed cancer-therapeutic modality that kills cancer cells by the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generated from the in situ triggered Fenton/Fenton-like reactions in an acidic and H2O2-overproduced tumor microenvironment (TME). By taking the advantage of the TME-activated catalytic reaction, CDT enables a highly specific and minimally-invasive cancer treatment without external energy input, whose efficiency mainly depends on the reactant concentrations of both the catalytic ions and H2O2, and the reaction conditions (including pH, temperature, and amount of glutathione). Unfortunately, it suffers from unsatisfactory therapy efficiency for clinical application because of the limited activators (i.e., mild acid pH and insufficient H2O2 content) and overexpressed reducing substance in TME. Currently, various synergistic strategies have been elaborately developed to increase the CDT efficiency by regulating the TME, enhancing the catalytic efficiency of catalysts, or combining with other therapeutic modalities. To realize these strategies, the construction of diverse nanocarriers to deliver Fenton catalysts and cooperatively therapeutic agents to tumors is the key prerequisite, which is now being studied but has not been thoroughly summarized. In particular, nanocarriers that can not only serve as carriers but are also active themselves for therapy are recently attracting increasing attention because of their less risk of toxicity and metabolic burden compared to nanocarriers without therapeutic capabilities. These therapy-active nanocarriers well meet the requirements of an ideal therapy system with maximum multifunctionality but minimal components. From this new perspective, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the very recent research progress on nanocarrier-based systems for enhanced CDT and the strategies of how to integrate various Fenton agents into the nanocarriers, with particular focus on the studies of therapy-active nanocarriers for the construction of CDT catalysts, aiming to guide the design of nanosystems with less components and more functionalities for enhanced CDT. Finally, the challenges and prospects of such a burgeoning cancer-theranostic modality are outlooked to provide inspirations for the further development and clinical translation of CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Na Hao
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Kaiming Ge
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guoli Chen
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Lab of Low Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontier Science Center of the Materials Biology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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12
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Ghosh P, Banerjee P. Drug delivery using biocompatible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) towards a therapeutic approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12527-12547. [PMID: 37724444 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are constructed exclusively with lightweight organic scaffolds, which can have a 2D or 3D architecture. The ease of synthesis, robust skeleton and tunable properties of COFs make them superior candidates among their counterparts for a wide range of uses including biomedical applications. In the biomedical field, drug delivery or photodynamic-photothermal (PDT-PTT) therapy can be individually considered a potential parameter to be investigated. Therefore, this comprehensive review is focused on drug delivery using COFs, highlighting the encapsulation and decapsulation of drugs by COF scaffolds and their delivery in biological media including live cells. Versatile COF scaffolds together with the delivery of several drug molecules are considered. We attempted to incorporate the status of drug encapsulation and decapsulation considering a wide range of recent publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Ghosh
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Electric Mobility and Tribology Research Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttarpradesh, India
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13
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Wang L, Shi L, Guo T, Yuan J, Zhou B, Zhang J. Near-infrared active ferrocenyl porous organic polymer with photothermal enhanced enzymatic activity for combination antibacterial application. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26445-26454. [PMID: 37671338 PMCID: PMC10476166 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a severe ongoing global problem, bacterial contamination exists in every aspect of human life and the search for new antibacterial agents is urgently needed. Herein, a ferrocenyl porous organic polymer (FMC-POP) broad-spectrum antibacterial agent based on synergistic photothermal and peroxidase-like activity was prepared in a facile manner via the copolymerization of ferrocene diformaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde with mannitol through the acid-responsive acetal bond. The photoactive FMC-POP, with high photothermal conversion efficiency (41.45%), could convert not only the near-infrared laser irradiation into local heat to eradicate bacteria, but also low-concentration H2O2 into radical oxygen species (˙OH) that are effective against bacteria. Compared with single-mode photothermal (PTT) and enzymatic therapies, this combination therapy could significantly improve the bactericidal effect, exhibiting a germicidal efficiency of up to 99% (vs. 80.42% for PTT and 70% for enzyme). Thus, our work paves the way for a synergistic non-invasive antimicrobial therapy, which could expand the applications of POP-based artificial enzymes in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Weifang Medical University Weifang 261031 Shandong PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Weifang Medical University Weifang 261031 Shandong PR China
| | - Taoyan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong PR China
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong PR China
| | - Baolong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People's Hospital), Weifang Medical University Weifang 261031 Shandong PR China
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14
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Khan N, Slathia G, Kaliya K, Saneja A. Recent progress in covalent organic frameworks for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103602. [PMID: 37119962 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained tremendous interest in cancer therapy owing to their multifunctional properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable cavities, excellent crystallinity, ease of modification/functionalization, and high flexibility. These unique properties offer multiple benefits, such as high loading capacity, prevention from premature leakage, targeted delivery to the tumor microenvironment (TME), and release of therapeutic agents in a controlled manner, which makes them effective and excellent nanoplatforms for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we outline recent advances in using COFs as delivery system for chemotherapeutic agents, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), cancer diagnostics, and combinatorial therapy for cancer therapeutics. We also summarize current challenges and future directions of this unique research field. Teaser: This review highlights recent advances in covalent organic frameworks as multifaceted nanoplatform with recent case studies for improving therapeutic outcomes for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Slathia
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kajal Kaliya
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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15
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Gharehdaghi Z, Naghib SM, Rahimi R, Bakhshi A, Kefayat A, shamaeizadeh A, Molaabasi F. Highly improved pH-Responsive anticancer drug delivery and T2-Weighted MRI imaging by magnetic MOF CuBTC-based nano/microcomposite. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1071376. [PMID: 37091862 PMCID: PMC10114589 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu-BTC framework has received a considerable attention in recent years as a drug carrier candidate for cancer treatment due to its unique structural properties and promising biocompatibility. However, its intrinsic deficiency for medical imaging potentially limits its bioapplications; To address this subject, a magnetic nano/microscale MOF has been successfully fabricated by introducing Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an imaging agent into the porous isoreticular MOF [Cu3(BTC)2] as a drug carrier. The synthesized magnetic MOFs exhibits a high loading capacity (40.5%) toward the model anticancer DOX with an excellent pH-responsive drug release. The proposed nanocomposite not only possesses large surface area, high magnetic response, large mesopore volume, high transverse relaxivity (r 2) and good stability but also exhibits superior biocompatibility, specific tumor cellular uptake, and significant cancer cell viability inhibitory effect without any targeting agent. It is expected that the synthesized magnetic nano/microcomposite may be used for clinical purposes and can also serve as a platform for photoactive antibacterial therapy ae well as pH/GSH/photo-triple-responsive nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gharehdaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Rahmatollah Rahimi, ; Fatemeh Molaabasi,
| | - Atin Bakhshi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin shamaeizadeh
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaabasi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Rahmatollah Rahimi, ; Fatemeh Molaabasi,
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16
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Zhou F, Fang Y, Deng C, Zhang Q, Wu M, Shen HH, Tang Y, Wang Y. Templated Assembly of pH-Labile Covalent Organic Framework Hierarchical Particles for Intracellular Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3055. [PMID: 36080091 PMCID: PMC9457862 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COF), a class of emerging microporous polymers, have been restrained for drug delivery applications due to their limited controllability over particle sizes and degradability. Herein, a dendritic mesoporous silica nanosphere (DMSN)-mediated growth strategy is proposed to fabricate hierarchical DMSN@COF hybrids through in situ growing of 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and 2,5-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde connected COF with acid cleavable C=N bonds. After the removal of the DMSN template, COF hierarchical particles (COF HP) with tailored particle sizes and degradability were obtained. Notably, the COF HP could be degraded by 55% after 24 h of incubation at pH 5.5, whereas the counterpart bulk COF only showed 15% of degradation in the same conditions. Due to the improved porosity and surface area, the COF HP can be utilized to load the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), with a high loading (46.8 wt%), outperforming the bulk COF (32.1 wt%). Moreover, around 90% of the loaded DOX can be discharged from the COF HP within 8 h of incubation at pH 5.5, whereas, only ~55% of the loaded DOX was released from the bulk COF. Cell experiments demonstrated that the IC50 value of the DOX loaded in COF HP was 2-3 times lower than that of the DOX loaded in the bulk COF and the hybrid DMSN@COF. Attributed to the high loading capacity and more pH-labile particle deconstruction properties, COF HP shows great potential in the application as vehicles for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Deng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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17
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Xu Z, Wang T, Li J, Zhang F, Lou H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhou B. Nanosized porous artificial enzyme as a pH-sensitive doxorubicin delivery system for joint enzymatic and chemotherapy towards tumor treatment. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porous spherical artificial nanozyme (HF-900) prepared via pyrolysis of a porous organic polymer was used as drug carrier for efficient loading and highly selective pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) for the tumor joint nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Xu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Han Lou
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Zhou
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P. R. China
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