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Jia B, Hao T, Chen Y, Deng Y, Qi X, Zhou C, Liu Y, Guo S, Qin J. Mussel-inspired tissue adhesive composite hydrogel with photothermal and antioxidant properties prepared from pectin for burn wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132436. [PMID: 38761908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable self-healing hydrogels with antibacterial property attracted growing attentions in biomedication as wound dressings since they can prevent bacterial infection and promote wound healing process. In this research, a biodegradable self-healing hydrogel with ROS scavenging performance and enhanced tissue adhesion was fabricated from dopamine grafted oxidized pectin (OPD) and naphthoate hydrazide terminated PEO (PEO NH). At the same time, Fe3+ ions were incorporated to endow the hydrogel with near-infrared (NIR) triggered photothermal property to obtain antibacterial activity. The composite hydrogel showed good hemostasis performance based on mussel inspired tissue adhesion with biocompatibility well preserved. As expected, the composition of FeCl3 improved conductivity and endowed photothermal property to the hydrogel. The in vivo wound repairing experiment revealed the 808 nm NIR light triggered photothermal behavior of the hydrogel reduced the inflammation response and promoted wound repairing rate. As a result, this composite FeCl3/hydrogel shows great potential to be an excellent wound dressing for the treatment of infection prong wounds with NIR triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Yanai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Yawen Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xingzhong Qi
- Hebei Zhitong Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chengyan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071002, China
| | - Jianglei Qin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding City, Hebei Province 071002, China.
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2
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Diao Z, Li L, Zhou H, Yang L. Tannic acid and silicate-functionalized polyvinyl alcohol-hyaluronic acid hydrogel for infected diabetic wound healing. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae053. [PMID: 38883183 PMCID: PMC11176089 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Healing of chronic diabetic wounds is challenging due to complications of severe inflammatory microenvironment, bacterial infection and poor vascular formation. Herein, a novel injectable polyvinyl alcohol-hyaluronic acid-based composite hydrogel was developed, with tannic acid (TA) and silicate functionalization to fabricate an 'all-in-one' hydrogel PTKH. On one hand, after being locally injected into the wound site, the hydrogel underwent a gradual sol-gel transition in situ, forming an adhesive and protective dressing for the wound. Manipulations of rheological characteristics, mechanical properties and swelling ability of PTKH could be performed via regulating TA and silicate content in hydrogel. On the other hand, PTKH was capable of eliminating reactive oxygen species overexpression, combating infection and generating a cell-favored microenvironment for wound healing acceleration in vitro. Subsequent animal studies demonstrated that PTKH could greatly stimulate angiogenesis and epithelization, accompanied with inflammation and infection risk reduction. Therefore, in consideration of its impressive in vitro and in vivo outcomes, this 'all-in-one' multifunctional hydrogel may hold promise for chronic diabetic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Diao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China
| | - Longkang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Health Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China
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3
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He T, Lv S, Wei D, Feng R, Yang J, Yan Y, Liu L, Wu L. Photothermal Conversion of Hydrogel-Based Biomaterial. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300184. [PMID: 37495934 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional energy from fossil fuels like petroleum and coal is limited and contributes to global environmental pollution and climate change. Developing sustainable and eco-friendly energy is crucial for addressing significant challenges such as climate change, energy dilemma and achieving the long-term development of human society. Biomass hydrogels, which are easily synthesized and modified, have diverse sources and can be designed for different applications. They are being extensively researched for their applications in artificial intelligence, flexible sensing, biomedicine, and food packaging. The article summarizes recent advances in the preparation and applications of biomass-based photothermal conversion hydrogels, discussing the light source, photothermal agents, matrix, and preparation methods in detail. It also explores the use of these hydrogels in seawater desalination, photothermal therapy, antibacterial agents, and light-activated materials, offering new ideas for developing sustainable, efficient, and advanced photothermal conversion biomass hydrogel materials. The article concludes with suggestions for future research, highlighting the challenges and prospects in this field and paving the way for developing of long-lasting, efficient energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiang He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Shenghua Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Dequan Wei
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Rui Feng
- Polypropylene Project Preparation Company, Huating Coal Corporation, Dongyi Road 3, Huating, China, 744103
| | - Juhui Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Yihan Yan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Leipeng Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
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4
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Li Y, Tian X, He W, Jin C, Yang C, Pan Z, Xu Y, Yang H, Liu H, Liu T, He F. Fucoidan-functionalized gelatin methacryloyl microspheres ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration by restoring redox and matrix homeostasis of nucleus pulposus. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126166. [PMID: 37553034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) and dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) are major pathological characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), the leading cause of low back pain. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by proinflammatory cytokines substantially contribute to IVDD pathogenesis. This study aimed to examine the potential of fucoidan in protecting the matrix metabolism of NP cells and its therapeutic efficacy in the prevention of IVDD. In an inflammatory environment induced by interleukin (IL)-1β, fucoidan treatments demonstrated a dose-dependent enhancement of ECM production in NP cells, while concurrently reducing the expression of matrix degradation enzymes. The protective effect of fucoidan was mediated through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and subsequent induction of antioxidant enzymes, whereas silencing Nrf2 abrogated the protection of fucoidan on NP cells against IL-1β-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, a novel fucoidan-functionalized gelatin methacryloyl microsphere (Fu@GelMA-MS) was synthesized. The in vivo application of Fu@GelMA-MS via in situ injection in a rat caudal IVD model effectively conserved the ECM components and maintained the hydration of the NP tissue, thereby preventing IVDD caused by puncture. Collectively, fucoidan-functionalized hydrogel microspheres represent a promising strategy for the regeneration of NP and the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Chenyang Jin
- Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunju Yang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zejun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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5
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Chen X, Li X, He W, Wang M, Gao A, Tong L, Guo S, Wang H, Pan G. Rational multivalency construction enables bactericidal effect amplification and dynamic biomaterial design. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100483. [PMID: 37560332 PMCID: PMC10407542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The multivalency of bioligands in living systems brings inspiration for not only the discovery of biological mechanisms but also the design of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials. However, designing controllable multivalency construction strategies is still challenging. Herein, we synthesized a series of well-defined multivalent antimicrobial peptide polymers (mAMPs) by clicking ligand molecules onto polymers prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The multiple cationic ligands in the mAMPs could enhance the local disturbance of the anionic phospholipid layer of the bacterial membrane through multivalent binding, leading to amplification of the bactericidal effect. In addition to multivalency-enhanced antibacterial activity, mAMPs also enable multivalency-assisted hydrogel fabrication with an ECM-like dynamic structure. The resultant hydrogel with self-healing and injectable properties could be successfully employed as an antibacterial biomaterial scaffold to treat infected skin wounds. The multivalency construction strategy presented in this work provides new ideas for the biomimetic design of highly active and dynamic biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shun Guo
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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6
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Li H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhu G, Zheng D, Luo S, Wu M, Li WH, Liu FQ. Self-Enhanced Antibacterial and Antifouling Behavior of Three-Dimensional Porous Cu 2O Nanoparticles Functionalized by an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38808-38820. [PMID: 37526484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cu2O is currently an important protective material for domestic engineering and equipment used to exploit marine resources. Cu+ is considered to have more effective antibacterial and antifouling activities than Cu2+. However, disproportionation of Cu+ in the natural environment leads to its reduced bioavailability and weakened reactivity. Novel and functionalized Cu2O composites could enable efficient and environmentally friendly applications of Cu+. To this end, a series of three-dimensional porous Cu2O nanoparticles (3DNP-Cu2O) functionalized by organic (redox gel, R-Gel)-inorganic (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) hybrids─3DNP-Cu2O/rGOx@R-Gel─at room temperature by immobilization-reduction method was prepared and applied for protection against marine biofouling. 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel includes rGO and R-Gel shape 3D porous Cu2O nanoparticles with diameters ∼177 nm and strong dispersion and antioxidant stability. Compared with commercial Cu2O (Cu2O-0), 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel exhibited an ∼50% higher bactericidal rate, ∼96.22% higher water content, and ∼75% lower adhesion of mussels and barnacles. Moreover, 3DNP-Cu2O/rGOx@R-Gel maintains the same excellent, stable, and long-lasting bactericidal performance as Cu2O-0@R-Gel while reducing the average copper ion release concentration by ∼56 to 76%. This was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and antifouling tests. In addition, XPS tests of rGO-Cu2+ and R-Gel-Cu2+, photocurrent tests of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel, and energy-dispersive spectrometry pictures of bacteria confirm that R-Gel and rGO act as electron donors and transfer substrates driving the reduction of Cu2+ (Cu2+ → Cu+) and the diffusion of Cu+. Thus, a self-growing antibacterial and antifouling system of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel was achieved. The mechanism of accelerated bacterial inactivation and resistance to mussel and barnacle adhesion by 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel was interpreted. It is shown that rGO and R-Gel are important players in the antibacterial and antifouling system of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liuqin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dongchen Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shuwen Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Min Wu
- Offshore Oil Production Plant of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257237, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- School of Materials, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Fa-Qian Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
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7
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang M, Pan G. Nano-crosslinked dynamic hydrogels for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100640. [PMID: 37179534 PMCID: PMC10173301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels resemble natural extracellular matrices and have been widely studied for biomedical applications. Nano-crosslinked dynamic hydrogels combine the injectability and self-healing property of dynamic hydrogels with the versatility of nanomaterials and exhibit unique advantages. The incorporation of nanomaterials as crosslinkers can improve the mechanical properties (strength, injectability, and shear-thinning properties) of hydrogels by reinforcing the skeleton and endowing them with multifunctionality. Nano-crosslinked functional hydrogels that can respond to external stimuli (such as pH, heat, light, and electromagnetic stimuli) and have photothermal properties, antimicrobial properties, stone regeneration abilities, or tissue repair abilities have been constructed through reversible covalent crosslinking strategies and physical crosslinking strategies. The possible cytotoxicity of the incorporated nanomaterials can be reduced. Nanomaterial hydrogels show excellent biocompatibility and can facilitate cell proliferation and differentiation for biomedical applications. This review introduces different nano-crosslinked dynamic hydrogels in the medical field, from fabrication to application. In this review, nanomaterials for dynamic hydrogel fabrication, such as metals and metallic oxides, nanoclays, carbon-based nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP), polymers, and liposomes, are discussed. We also introduce the dynamic crosslinking method commonly used for nanodynamic hydrogels. Finally, the medical applications of nano-crosslinked hydrogels are presented. We hope that this summary will help researchers in the related research fields quickly understand nano-crosslinked dynamic hydrogels to develop more preparation strategies and promote their development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Cao Y, Guo Y, Yin Y, Qu X, Zhang X, Li S, Xu X, Zhou Z. Composite Hydrogel for the Targeted Capture and Photothermal Killing of Bacteria toward Facilitating Wound Healing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6413-6424. [PMID: 37126772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic infections pose a significant risk to public health and are regarded as one of the most difficult clinical treatment obstacles. A reliable and safe photothermal antibacterial platform is a promising technique for the treatment of bacterial infections. Given the damage that high temperatures cause in normal tissues and cells, a multifunctional hydrogel driven by photothermal energy is created by trapping bacteria to reduce heat transfer loss and conduct low-temperature photothermal sterilization efficiently. The 3-aminobenzene boronic acid (ABA)-modified graphene oxide is combined with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) networks to create the ABA-GO/CNC/CMCS composite hydrogel (composite gel). The obtained composite gel displays a uniform three-dimensional network structure, which can be rapidly heated to 48 °C under infrared light irradiation and is beneficial for killing wound infection bacteria and promoting wound healing. The results of animal experiments show that the composite gel significantly reduces inflammation by killing >99.99% of bacteria under near-infrared light irradiation. The result also demonstrates that it increases the granulation tissue thickness and collagen distribution and promotes wound healing. After treatment for 14 days, compared with the remaining 27.73% of the remaining wound area in the control group, the wound area in the composite gel with NIR group is only 0.91%. It significantly accelerates the wound healing process of Staphylococcus aureus infection and shows great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Guo
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yingzheng Yin
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xi Qu
- Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shaozhi Li
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Zuowan Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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9
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Ma Z, Wang H, Shi Z, Yan F, Li Q, Chen J, Cui ZK, Zhang Y, Jin X, Jia YG, Wang L. Inhalable GSH-Triggered Nanoparticles to Treat Commensal Bacterial Infection in In Situ Lung Tumors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5740-5756. [PMID: 36884352 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection has been considered one of the primary reasons for low survival rate of lung cancer patients. Herein, we demonstrated that a kind of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and antimicrobial peptide HHC36 (AMP) (MSN@DOX-AMP) can kill both commensal bacteria and tumor cells under GSH-triggering, modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, significantly treating commensal bacterial infection, and eliminating in situ lung tumors in a commensal model. Meanwhile, MSN@DOX-AMP encapsulated DOX and AMP highly efficiently via a combined strategy of physical adsorption and click chemistry and exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Importantly, MSN@DOX-AMP could be inhaled and accumulate in lung by a needle-free nebulization, achieving a better therapeutic effect. This system is expected to serve as a straightforward platform to treat commensal bacterial infections in tumors and promote the translation of such inhaled GSH-triggered MSN@DOX-AMP to clinical treatments of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunwei Ma
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengying Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Liu X, Fan H, Meng Z, Wu Z, Gu R, Zhu X, Gan H, Dou G. Combined Silver Sulfadiazine Nanosuspension with Thermosensitive Hydrogel: An Effective Antibacterial Treatment for Wound Healing in an Animal Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:679-691. [PMID: 36816331 PMCID: PMC9930683 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s395004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is widely used in burn wound treatment due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. However, its application in wound healing is greatly hindered by the low solubility of AgSD particles and their cellular cytotoxicity. Herein, we studied the safety and in vivo efficacy of nano-sized silver sulfadiazine loaded in poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel (NS/Gel). Methods In NS/Gel, silver sulfadiazine was prepared into silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension (NS) to improve the solubility and enhance its antibacterial activity, whereas the poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel was selected as a drug carrier of NS to achieve slow drug release and reduced cytotoxicity. The acute toxicity of silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension was first evaluated in healthy mice, and its median lethal dose (LD50) was calculated by the modified Karber method. Furthermore, in vivo antibacterial effect and wound healing property of NS/Gel were evaluated on the infected deep second-degree burn wound mice model. Results The mortality ratio of mice was concentration-dependent, and the LD50 for silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension was estimated to be 252.1 mg/kg (230.8 to 275.4 mg/kg, 95% confidence limit). The in vivo dosages used for burn wound treatment (40-50 mg/kg) were far below LD50 (252.1 mg/kg). NS/Gel significantly accelerated wound healing in the deep second wound infection mice model, achieving > 85% wound contraction on day 14. Staphylococcus aureus in the wound region was eradicated after 7 days in NS/Gel group, while the bacterial colony count was still measurable in the control group. Histological analysis and cytokines measurement confirmed that the mice treated with NS/Gel exhibited well-organized epithelium and multiple keratinized cell layers compared to control groups with the modulated expression of IL-6, VEGF, and TGF-β. Conclusion The combination of silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension and thermo-responsive hydrogel has great potential in clinical burn wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518026, People’s Republic of China,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Guifang Dou; Hui Gan, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 66932951, Fax +86 10 66931993, Email ;
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11
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Shan J, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Song C, Chen G, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Glucose metabolism-inspired catalytic patches for NIR-II phototherapy of diabetic wound infection. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:200-209. [PMID: 36494009 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medical patches hold great prospects for diabetic wound administration, while their practical effects in diabetic wound management remain mired by the complexity of wound microenvironments. Here, inspired by the biological processes of glucose metabolism, we present a catalytic microneedle patch that encapsulates near-infrared-II responsive and dual-nanozyme active Au-Cu2MoS4 nanosheets (Au-CMS NSs) for treating diabetic wound infection. Since microneedle patches have great tissue penetration ability, the Au-CMS NSs can be delivered to deep tissues and fully interact with wound environments. Benefitting from the dual nanozyme activities (glucose oxidase and catalase) and near-infrared-II photothermal performances of Au-CMS NSs, the composited catalytic patch realizes in situ glucose consumption, oxygen generation, and bacterial elimination. Notably, their repeatability of near-infrared-II responsive antibacterial capability has been proved both in vitro and in diabetic mice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The catalytic patch can find wide catalytic applications in wound care and infection prevention. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Effective treatment of diabetic wound infection remains still challenging in the clinic owing to the complex wound microenvironments. Herein, inspired by the biological processes of glucose metabolism in lives, we propose a novel strategy to treat wound infections by modulating the diabetic wound microenvironments. A near-infrared-II (NIR-II) responsive biocatalytic microneedle patch with both glucose oxidase- and catalase-like activities capable of killing bacteria, reducing glucose level, and supplying O2 is developed. The patch not only achieves efficient antibacterial outcomes in vitro, but also is a valuable wound patch for efficient treatment of MRSA-infected wounds in diabetic mice. We anticipate that this therapeutic strategy will provide the applications in chronic inflammation and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Shan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhuxiao Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China.
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12
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Zhu Y, Li K, Zhang Q, Nie Y, Yan T, Shi X, Han D. High-Strength Injectable Hydrogel into Perivascular Interstitial Space Enhances Arterial Adventitial Stress. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1529-1537. [PMID: 36683534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels with strong mechanical properties have significant potential for biomedical applications, including the development of electronic skin, intelligent medical robots, as well as tissue engineering. In this study, we report on an injectable hydrogel with notable tensile strength and adhesion properties, achieved through cross-linking thiol-terminated four-arm poly (ethylene glycol) using silver-doped nano-hydroxyapatite, modified with dopamine. Subsequently, the hydrogel was injected in vivo through the perivascular interstitial space of rats. The hydrogel wrapped around the damaged abdominal aortic adventitia, which greatly increases the stress strength of the arterial adventitia. We found that the hydrogel was characterized by excellent biocompatibility, and it induced little immune response over a span of 21 days post-implantation. This simple and minimally invasive vascular protection strategy appears promising for the treatment of vascular diseases, such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Kai Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- College of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao066004, China
| | - Yifeng Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Tun Yan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- College of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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13
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Zhu H, Cheng X, Zhang J, Wu Q, Liu C, Shi J. Constructing a self-healing injectable SABA/Borax/PDA@AgNPs hydrogel for synergistic low-temperature photothermal antibacterial therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:618-630. [PMID: 36537180 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria are one of the biggest challenges humans face around the world. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been regarded as a promising strategy in combating pathogenic infection, however the high temperatures (55-65 °C) required during a single PTT process can induce injury to healthy tissues nearby. Combination therapy could overcome this problem by reducing the photothermal temperature. Here, we developed a self-healing and injectable hydrogel to realize low-temperature PTT (LT-PTT, ≤45 °C) for antisepsis with high-efficiency. The hybrid hydrogel is prepared by incorporating borax into a mixture of 3-aminophenylboronic acid grafted sodium alginate and nano-silver decorated polydopamine nanoparticles. Our results showed that the SABA/Borax/PDA@AgNPs hydrogel possesses satisfactory mechanical properties and self-healing capacity, and as a result, it can repair itself after being damaged mechanically, retaining its integrality and recovering its initial functionalities. Furthermore, through utilizing the photothermal property of polydopamine nanoparticles and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of nano-silver, the hybrid hydrogel achieves excellent LT-PTT for sterilization both in vitro as well as in an in vivo mice skin wound model with no distinct injury to normal tissues. Overall, our prepared hydrogel is expected to be an excellent candidate for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Xuedan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China. .,School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
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14
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Qi X, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang X, Ma H, Zhang L. Nonfouling and Antibacterial Zwitterionic Contact Lenses Loaded with Heme-Mimetic Gallium Porphyrin for Treating Keratitis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14335-14344. [PMID: 36342672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling and antibacterial are two critical challenges in the development of contact lenses (CLs). Herein, we presented nonfouling and antibacterial bifunctionalized CLs by encapsulating cationic heme-mimetic gallium porphyrin (Ga-CHP) into zwitterionic-elastomeric-networked (ZEN) hydrogel. Results proved that the ZEN hydrogel showed excellent abilities to resist non-specific protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation. Moreover, Ga-CHP could be sustainably released and kill >99.9% planktonic bacteria and >99.9% mature biofilms. In vivo, the symptoms of bacterial keratitis in mice were significantly alleviated after wearing the CLs for 7 days via iron-blocking and photodynamic synergistic antibacterial therapy with the help of natural sunlight. This study highlights the nonfouling and antibacterial superiority of the Ga-CHP-functional zwitterionic CLs and proposes a portable yet efficient non-antibiotic keratitis treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, People's Republic of China
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15
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Ding F, Zhang L, Chen X, Yin W, Ni L, Wang M. Photothermal nanohybrid hydrogels for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1066617. [PMID: 36406231 PMCID: PMC9669315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, diseases such as wound infection, cancer, bone defect and osteoarthritis have constantly threatened the public health. However, the traditional treatment has many insufficiencies, such as high cost, easy recurrence and high biological toxicity. Hydrogel is a material with three-dimensional network structure, which has a series of advantages, such as injectability, self-heal ability, easy loading and controllability of drug release, and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, it is extensively used in drug delivery, antibacterial, anti-cancer and other fields. However, the traditional hydrogels have the single performance, and therapeutic efficacy is often rely on the drugs loaded on them to cure diseases, which cannot achieve sustainable therapeutic effect. In order to solve this problem, photothermal nano hydrogel with photothermal agent (PTA) has become an ideal material due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. Photothermal nano hydrogels used in photothermal therapy (PTT) can exploit the photothermal effect of photothermal agent to increase local temperature and control the sol-gel phase transition behavior of hydrogels, so they are widely used in drug release, photothermal sterilization, photothermal inhibition of cancer cells and enhancement of bone repair. To sum up, this paper introduces the preparation of hydrogels with photothermal nanomaterials, and discusses their applications in the fields of drug release, photothermal sterilization, photothermal cancer cell inhibition and enhanced bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ding
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiling Yin
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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