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Madhu S, MacKenzie J, Grewal KS, Farooque AA, Koleilat GI, Selopal GS. Titanium Carbide (Ti 3C 2T x) MXene for Sequestration of Aquatic Pollutants. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400421. [PMID: 38804999 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of industrialization has resulted in the release of multiple ecological contaminants in gaseous, liquid, and solid forms, which pose significant environmental risks to many different ecosystems. The efficient and cost-effective removal of these environmental pollutants has attracted global attention. This growing concern has prompted the synthesis and optimization of nanomaterials and their application as potential pollutant removal. In this context, MXene is considered an outstanding photocatalytic candidate due to its unique physicochemical and mechanical properties, which include high specific surface area, physiological compatibility, and robust electrodynamics. This review highlights recent advances in shaping titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXenes, emphasizing the importance of termination groups to boost photoactivity and product selectivity, with a primary focus on engineering aspects. First, a broad overview of Ti3C2Tx MXene is provided, delving into its catalytic properties and the formation of surface termination groups to establish a comprehensive understanding of its fundamental catalytic structure. Subsequently, the effects of engineering the morphology of Ti3C2Tx MXene into different structures, such as two-dimensional (2D) accordion-like forms, monolayers, hierarchies, quantum dots, and nanotubes. Finally, a concise overview of the removal of different environmental pollutants is presented, and the forthcoming challenges, along with their prospective outlooks, are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swedha Madhu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, B2N 5E3, NS, Canada
| | - Jayden MacKenzie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, B2N 5E3, NS, Canada
| | - Kuljeet Singh Grewal
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A4P3, Canada
| | - Aitazaz A Farooque
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A4P3, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, St Peters Bay, PE, Canada
| | - Ghada I Koleilat
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, 5273 Dacosta Row, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, B2N 5E3, NS, Canada
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Tambe AB, Arbuj SS, Umarji GG, Kulkarni SK, Kale BB. In situ synthesis of g-C 3N 4/Ti 3C 2T x nano-heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic H 2 generation via water splitting. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35369-35378. [PMID: 38053692 PMCID: PMC10695007 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrated the in situ synthesis of g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx nano-heterostructures for hydrogen generation under UV visible light irradiation. The formation of the g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx nano-heterostructures was confirmed via powder X-ray diffraction and supported by XPS. The FE-SEM images indicated the formation of layered structures of MXene and g-C3N4. HR-TEM images and SAED patterns confirmed the presence of g-C3N4 together with Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, i.e., the formation of nano-heterostructures of g-C3N4/Ti3C2Tx. The absorption spectra clearly showed the distinct band gaps of g-C3N4 and Ti3C2Tx in the nano-heterostructure. The increase in PL intensity and broadening of the peak with an increase in g-C3N4 indicated the suppression of electron-hole recombination. Furthermore, the nano-heterostructure was used as a photocatalyst for H2 generation from water and methylene blue dye degradation. The highest H2 evolution (1912.25 μmol/0.1 g) with good apparent quantum yield (3.1%) and an efficient degradation of MB were obtained for gCT-0.75, which was much higher compared to that of the pristine materials. The gCT-0.75 nano-heterostructure possessed a high surface area and abundant vacancy defects, facilitating the separation of charge carriers, which was ultimately responsible for this high photocatalytic activity. Additionally, TRPL clearly showed a higher decay time, which supports the enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of the gCT-0.75 nano-heterostructure. The nano-heterostructure with the optimum concentration of g-C3N4 formed a hetero-junction with the linked catalytic system, which facilitated efficient charge carrier separation also responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol B Tambe
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology Off Pashan Road, Panchwati Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Sudhir S Arbuj
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology Off Pashan Road, Panchwati Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Govind G Umarji
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology Off Pashan Road, Panchwati Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Sulbha K Kulkarni
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology Off Pashan Road, Panchwati Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Bharat B Kale
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology Off Pashan Road, Panchwati Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
- MIT World Peace University (MIT-WPU) Paud Rd, Kothrud Pune Maharashtra 411038 India
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