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Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Serag A. Eco-friendly graphene quantum dots as a novel spectrofluorimetric probe for lamivudine quantification with evaluation of its greenness and blueness profiles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124398. [PMID: 38710140 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were employed for quantitatively analyzing lamivudine using a fluorescence quenching technique. This approach allows for sensitive determination of the concentration of lamivudine in different matrices without requiring derivatization. The mechanism behind the fluorescence intensity quenching between GQDs and lamivudine molecules was explored using the Stern Volmer equation, revealing dynamic quenching behavior. Additionally, various factors affecting fluorescence quenching efficiency such as pH, GQDs concentration, and incubation time were carefully tuned. Moreover, our developed method successfully met ICH guidelines for validation parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity demonstrating excellent performance. The results showed good accuracy and precision, with a mean recovery value of 101.91% for method accuracy and a relative standard deviation of 0.682 and 1.489 for intraday and interday precision, respectively. Finally, the greenness and blueness of the developed method were also investigated to assess its environmental friendliness and analytical practicality. Greenness evaluation using the AGREE tool demonstrated that the developed method has a low environmental impact with an AGREE score of 0.75, Besides, the blueness evaluating using the BAGI tool indicated that the developed method is practical, reliable, and well-suited for routine analysis of lamivudine in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
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Almalki AH, Abdelazim AH, Alosaimi ME, Abduljabbar MH, Alnemari RM, Bamaga AK, Serag A. Efficient and eco-friendly detection of gabapentin using nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: an analytical and green chemistry approach. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4089-4096. [PMID: 38288149 PMCID: PMC10823495 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07365c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the development of an eco-friendly and highly selective mitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot based sensor (N-CQDs) for the detection of gabapentin - a commonly misused drug. A detailed characterization of N-CQDs spectral features and their interaction with gabapentin is provided. The optimal conditions for sensing, including pH value, buffer volume, N-CQDs concentration, and incubation time, were established. The results showed excellent fluorescence quenching at 475 nm (λex = 380 nm) due to the dynamic quenching mechanism, and the sensor demonstrated excellent linearity in the 0.5-8.0 μg mL-1 concentration range with correlation coefficients of more than 0.999, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.160 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.480 μg mL-1. The accuracy of the proposed sensor was acceptable with a mean accuracy of 99.91 for gabapentin detection. In addition, precision values were within the acceptable range, with RSD% below 2% indicating good repeatability and reproducibility of the sensor. Selectivity was validated using common excipients and pooled plasma samples. The proposed sensor accurately estimated gabapentin concentration in commercial pharmaceutical formulations and spiked plasma samples, exhibiting excellent comparability with previously published methods. The 'greenness' of the sensing system was evaluated using the Analytical GREEnness calculator, revealing low environmental impact and strong alignment with green chemistry principles with a greenness score of 0.76. Thus, the developed N-CQDs-based sensor offers a promising, eco-friendly, and effective tool for gabapentin detection in various situations, ranging from clinical therapeutics to forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 21944 Taif Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University Health Science Campus, P. O. Box 11099 21944 Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University 11751 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P. O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Alnemari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University 11751 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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Alaqel SI, Alqahtani AS, Alharbi A, Althobaiti YS, Bamaga AK, Algarni MA, Almrasy AA, Almalki AH. Spectrofluorometric quantitative analysis of aripiprazole based on quenching of natural derived carbon quantum dots in spiked human plasma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21048. [PMID: 38030673 PMCID: PMC10687036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a significant concern worldwide, particularly in Middle Eastern countries. Aripiprazole, a psychiatric medicine that works as a partial agonist at D2 receptors, is often used for autism-related behavior issues in children. Monitoring the therapy of aripiprazole could enhance the safety and effectiveness of treatment for autistic individuals. The purpose of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and environmentally friendly method for analysis of aripiprazole in plasma matrix. To achieve this, water-soluble N-carbon quantum dots were produced from a natural green precursor, guava fruit, and used in fluorescence quenching spectroscopy to determine the presence of aripiprazole. The synthesized dots were analyzed and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and they showed a strong fluorescence emission peak at 475 nm. The proposed method was validated according to ICH M10 guidelines and was shown to be highly sensitive, allowing for nanoscale determination of aripiprazole in plasma matrix. Additionally, the method was compared to a previously reported spectrophotometric method, and it was found to be more sensitive and consistent with the principles of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh I Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa S Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Neurology Division, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Algarni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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