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Sahihi M, Fayon P, Nauton L, Goujon F, Devémy J, Dequidt A, Hauret P, Malfreyt P. Probing Enzymatic PET Degradation: Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Cutinase Adsorption and Stability. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4112-4120. [PMID: 38703106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms influencing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) biodegradation is crucial for developing innovative strategies to accelerate the breakdown of this persistent plastic. In this study, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the adsorption process of the LCC-ICCG cutinase enzyme onto the PET surface. Our results revealed that hydrophobic, π-π, and H bond interactions, specifically involving aliphatic, aromatic, and polar uncharged amino acids, were the primary driving forces for the adsorption of the cutinase enzyme onto PET. Additionally, we observed a negligible change in the enzyme's tertiary structure during the interaction with PET (RMSD = 1.35 Å), while its secondary structures remained remarkably stable. Quantitative analysis further demonstrated that there is about a 24% decrease in the number of enzyme-water hydrogen bonds upon adsorption onto the PET surface. The significance of this study lies in unraveling the molecular intricacies of the adsorption process, providing valuable insights into the initial steps of enzymatic PET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sahihi
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Fayon
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lionel Nauton
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florent Goujon
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Devémy
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Dequidt
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patrice Hauret
- Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin, 23, Place des Carmes, 63040 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patrice Malfreyt
- Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Cusano I, Campagnolo L, Aurilia M, Costanzo S, Grizzuti N. Rheology of Recycled PET. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093358. [PMID: 37176239 PMCID: PMC10179504 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a thermoplastic material that is widely used in many application fields, such as packaging, construction and household products. Due to the relevant contribution of PET to global yearly solid waste, the recycling of such material has become an important issue. Disposed PET does not maintain the mechanical properties of virgin material, as exposure to water and other substances can cause multiple chain scissions, with subsequent degradation of the viscoelastic properties. For this reason, chain extension is needed to improve the final properties of the recycled product. Chain extension is generally performed through reactive extrusion. As the latter involves structural modification and flow of PET molecules, rheology is a relevant asset for understanding the process and tailoring the mechanical properties of the final products. This paper briefly reviews relevant rheological studies associated with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate through the reactive extrusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cusano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Costanzo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Nino Grizzuti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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James A, De S. Cation–π and hydrophobic interaction controlled PET recognition in double mutated cutinase – identification of a novel binding subsite for better catalytic activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20563-20577. [PMID: 35919142 PMCID: PMC9284348 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by enzymatic surface modification of various hydrolases, which would not degrade the building blocks of PET in order to retain the quality of recycled PET, is a promising research area. Many studies have been reported to identify mutations of different hydrolases that can improve PET degradation. Recently, the mutation of glycine and phenyl alanine with alanine in cutinase was found to improve the activity of PET degradation 6-fold. Yet, a deep insight into the overall structural basis as well as the explicit role played by the amino acid residues for PET degradation is still elusive, which is nevertheless important for comparative analyses, structure–function relations and rational optimization of the degradation process. Our molecular dynamics simulations coupled with quantum mechanical study demonstrate that mutations of anchor residue phenyl alanine to alanine at the PET binding cleft of cutinase unveiled a distal yet novel binding subsite, which alters the nature of dispersive interaction for PET recognition and binding. The phenyl alanine engages in π–π interaction with the phenyl ring of PET (−8.5 kcal mol−1), which on one side helps in PET recognition, but on the other side restricts PET to attain fully extended conformations over the entire binding cleft. The loss of π–π interaction due to mutation of phenyl alanine to alanine is not only compensated by the favourable cation–π and hydrophobic interactions from the arginine residues (−17.1 kcal mol−1) found in the newly discovered subsite, but also favours the fully extended PET conformation. This subsequently impacts the overall increased catalytic activity of mutated cutinase. Molecular recognition and binding of PET on cutinase controlled by switching between π–π and cation–π interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjima James
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Thrikkakara, Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry & Drug Discovery, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673 635, Kerala, India
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Surface Interaction of Ionic Liquids: Stabilization of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Degrading Enzymes in Solution. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010119. [PMID: 35011351 PMCID: PMC8746539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of aqueous solutions of selected ionic liquids solutions on Ideonella sakaiensis PETase with bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) substrate were studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations in order to identify the possible effect of ionic liquids on the structure and dynamics of enzymatic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysis. The use of specific ionic liquids can potentially enhance the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET where these ionic liquids are known to partially dissolve PET. The aqueous solution of cholinium phosphate were found to have the smallest effect of the structure of PETase, and its interaction with (BHET) as substrate was comparable to that with the pure water. Thus, the cholinium phosphate was identified as possible candidate as ionic liquid co-solvent to study the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET.
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Cui L, Qiu Y, Liang Y, Du C, Dong W, Cheng C, He B. Excretory expression of IsPETase in E. coli by an enhancer of signal peptides and enhanced PET hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:568-575. [PMID: 34371048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The PET hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis (IsPETase) is efficient for PET degradation, which provides a promising solution for environmental contamination by plastics. This study focuses on improving the excretion of IsPETase from E. coli by signal peptide (SP) engineering. A SP enhancer B1 (MERACVAV) was fused to the N-terminal of commonly-used SP (PelB, MalE, LamB, and OmpA) to mediate excretion of IsPETase. Strikingly, the modified SP B1OmpA, B1PelB, and B1MalE significantly increased the excretion of IsPETase, while IsPETase was basically expressed in periplasmic space without enhancer B1. The excretion efficiency of IsPETase mediated by B1PelB was improved by 62 folds compared to that of PelB. The hydrolysis of PET by crude IsPETase in culture solution was also enhanced. Furthermore, the amount of released MHET/TPA from PET by IsPETase was increased by 2.7 folds with pre-incubation of hydrophobin HFBII. Taken together, this work may provide a feasible strategy for the excretion and application of the IsPETase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Cui
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yumeng Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yu Liang
- 2011 College, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chunjie Du
- 2011 College, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bingfang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Schwaminger SP, Fehn S, Steegmüller T, Rauwolf S, Löwe H, Pflüger-Grau K, Berensmeier S. Immobilization of PETase enzymes on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the decomposition of microplastic PET. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4395-4399. [PMID: 36133462 PMCID: PMC9417550 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is responsible for a large amount of environmental contamination with microplastics. Based on its high affinity, the PET degrading enzyme PETase can be immobilized on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles through a His-tag. The His-tag increases enzyme stability, and allows magnetic separation for recovery. Multiple recycling steps are possible and microplastic particles can be decomposed depending on the PET's crystallinity. The separation or decomposition of PET allows for a sustainable way to remove microplastic from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioseparation Engineering Group, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Fehn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioseparation Engineering Group, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Tobias Steegmüller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioseparation Engineering Group, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Rauwolf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioseparation Engineering Group, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Hannes Löwe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Katharina Pflüger-Grau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Systems Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bioseparation Engineering Group, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
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Demirel B, İnaner NB, Gezer DU, Daver F, Yaras A, Akkurt F. Chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties and ultraviolet transmittance of novel nano‐hydroxyapatite/polyethylene terephthalate milk bottles. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Demirel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Nihat B. İnaner
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Derya U. Gezer
- Department of Quality Control Koksan PET Packaging Industry Co. Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Fugen Daver
- Department of Manufacturing, Materials and Mechatronics, School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ali Yaras
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Bartin University Bartin Turkey
| | - Fatih Akkurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering Gazi University Ankara Turkey
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Mahesh VS, Tharpa K, Gadigone NS, Al‐Farhood BF, Al‐Mutairi FH, Kumar A. Mechanism of acetaldehyde formation in polyethylene terephthalate resin—A new insight. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Mahesh
- Analytical Science SABIC Technology Center Bengaluru India
| | - Kalsang Tharpa
- Analytical Science SABIC Technology Center Bengaluru India
| | | | | | | | - Arun Kumar
- Analytical Science SABIC Technology Center Bengaluru India
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9
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Son HF, Cho IJ, Joo S, Seo H, Sagong HY, Choi SY, Lee SY, Kim KJ. Rational Protein Engineering of Thermo-Stable PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis for Highly Efficient PET Degradation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoncheol Francis Son
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Cho
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and KAIST Institute (KI) for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjoon Joo
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Seo
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Sagong
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and KAIST Institute (KI) for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and KAIST Institute (KI) for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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10
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Joo S, Cho IJ, Seo H, Son HF, Sagong HY, Shin TJ, Choi SY, Lee SY, Kim KJ. Structural insight into molecular mechanism of poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:382. [PMID: 29374183 PMCID: PMC5785972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), possess many desirable characteristics and thus are widely used in daily life. However, non-biodegradability, once thought to be an advantage offered by plastics, is causing major environmental problem. Recently, a PET-degrading bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis, was identified and suggested for possible use in degradation and/or recycling of PET. However, the molecular mechanism of PET degradation is not known. Here we report the crystal structure of I. sakaiensis PETase (IsPETase) at 1.5 Å resolution. IsPETase has a Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad at its active site and contains an optimal substrate binding site to accommodate four monohydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET) moieties of PET. Based on structural and site-directed mutagenesis experiments, the detailed process of PET degradation into MHET, terephthalic acid, and ethylene glycol is suggested. Moreover, other PETase candidates potentially having high PET-degrading activities are suggested based on phylogenetic tree analysis of 69 PETase-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Joo
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Cho
- 0000 0001 2292 0500grid.37172.30Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and KAIST Institute (KI) for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Seo
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Francis Son
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Sagong
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- 0000 0004 0381 814Xgrid.42687.3fUNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- 0000 0001 2292 0500grid.37172.30Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and KAIST Institute (KI) for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- 0000 0001 2292 0500grid.37172.30Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, and KAIST Institute (KI) for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
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11
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Shi Z, Fujita A. Extremely enhanced hydrolytic stability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Shi
- Industrial Products Division; FUJIFILM Corporation; Minato Tokyo 107-0052 Japan
| | - Akihide Fujita
- Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation; Fujinomiya, Shizuoka 418-8666 Japan
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Perea GB, Solanas C, Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Jorge I, Vázquez J, Pérez Mateos JM, Marí-Buyé N, Elices M, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Unexpected behavior of irradiated spider silk links conformational freedom to mechanical performance. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4868-4878. [PMID: 25994594 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibers from Argiope trifasciata and Nephila inaurata orb-web weaving spiders were UV irradiated to modify the molecular weight of the constituent proteins. Fibers were characterized either as forcibly silked or after being subjected to maximum supercontraction. The effect of irradiation on supercontraction was also studied, both in terms of the percentage of supercontraction and the tensile properties exhibited by irradiated and subsequently supercontracted fibers. The effects of UV exposure at the molecular level were assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. It is shown that UV-irradiated fibers show a steady decrease in their main tensile parameters, most notably, tensile strength and strain. The combination of the mechanical and biochemical data suggests that the restricted conformational freedom of the proteins after UV irradiation is critical in the reduction of these properties. Consequently, an adequate topological organization of the protein chains emerges as a critical design principle in the performance of spider silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Belén Perea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Kim SG, Lofgren EA, Jabarin SA. Dispersion of nanoclays with poly(ethylene terephthalate) by melt blending and solid state polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Mrozinski BA, Lofgren EA, Jabarin SA. Acetaldehyde scavengers and their effects on thermal stability and physical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Kinetic analysis and modelling of PET macromolecular changes during its mechanical recycling by extrusion. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Osaki S, Osaki M. Evolution of spiders from nocturnal to diurnal gave spider silks mechanical resistance against UV irradiation. Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2010.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Spiders' mechanical lifelines provide a key for the study of trust in the quality of materials. Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2010.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Chapter 5 Chain End Characterisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Halek GW. The zero-order kinetics of acetaldehyde thermal generation from polyethylene terephthalate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070740110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Shukla JS, Dwivedi H. Studies of Some Newer Polyhydrazides Containing Amide Linkages. Part 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222338108056815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Hsu
- a Lewis Research Center , National Aeronautics and Space , Administration, Cleveland , Ohio
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Belana J, Colomer P, Pujal M, Montserrat S. The glass transition temperature of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) by thermally stimulated currents. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348408219471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Belana
- a Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Industriales de Terrassa (UPC), Departamento de Física , Colon 11, Terrassa, Barcelona , Spain
| | - P. Colomer
- b Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Industriales de Terrassa (UPC), Departamento de Termodinámica y Fisicoquímica , Colon 11, Terrassa, Barcelona , Spain
| | - M. Pujal
- a Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Industriales de Terrassa (UPC), Departamento de Física , Colon 11, Terrassa, Barcelona , Spain
| | - S. Montserrat
- b Escuela Técnica Superior Ingenieros Industriales de Terrassa (UPC), Departamento de Termodinámica y Fisicoquímica , Colon 11, Terrassa, Barcelona , Spain
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Shukla SR, Lofgren EA, Jabarin SA. Effects of injection-molding processing parameters on acetaldehyde generation and degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYM INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim TY, Jabarin SA. Solid-state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate). III. Thermal stabilities in terms of the vinyl ester end group and acetaldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Foster EL, Heap H. High-temperature tensometry and its application to amorphous polyethylene terephthalate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/8/10/304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vargas M, Kriegel RM, Collard DM, Schiraldi DA. Diels-Alder modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-anthracene-2,6-carboxylate) withN-substituted maleimides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Al-AbdulRazzak S, Jabarin SA. Processing characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate): hydrolytic and thermal degradation. POLYM INT 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jones JR, Liotta CL, Collard DM, Schiraldi DA. Photochemical Cross-Linking of Poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-2,6-anthracenedicarboxylate). Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Polymer, Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Polymer, Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
| | - David M. Collard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Polymer, Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
| | - David A. Schiraldi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Polymer, Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
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A novel approach for studying the thermal degradation, and for estimating the rate of acetaldehyde generation by the chain scission mechanism in ethylene glycol based polyesters and copolyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(99)00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Asrar J, Berger PA, Hurlbut J. Synthesis and characterization of a fire-retardant polyester: Copolymers of ethylene terephthalate and 2-carboxyethyl(phenylphosphinic) acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990815)37:16<3119::aid-pola9>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Jones JR, Liotta CL, Collard DM, Schiraldi DA. Cross-Linking and Modification of Poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-2,6-anthracenedicarboxylate) by Diels−Alder Reactions with Maleimides. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990638z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
| | - David M. Collard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
| | - David A. Schiraldi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and KoSa, P.O. Box 5750, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29304-5750
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Jacques B, Devaux J, Legras R, Nield E. Reactions induced by triphenyl phosphite addition during melt mixing of PET/PBT blends: chromatographic evidence of a molecular weight increase due to the creation of bonds of two different natures. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Reactions induced by triphenyl phosphite addition during melt mixing of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends: influence on polyester molecular structure and thermal behaviour. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)80846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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38
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Thermal degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and the estimation of volatile degradation products. Polym Degrad Stab 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-3910(94)90016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Chaudhury S. Trade, Bullion and Conquest Bengal in the Mid-eighteenth Century. ITINERARIO 1991; 15:21-32. [DOI: 10.1017/s0165115300006367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Abstract
The British conquest of Bengal at Plassey, in June 1757, was one of the most significant developments in the eighteenth century. Plassey indeed laid the foundation of the British empire in India. Bengal was the springboard from which the British spread in different directions and ultimately conquered other parts of India. Hence it is imperative to examine closely the background of and the circumstances leading to the conquest. As I have already analysed some aspects of the question elsewhere, in this paper I shall confine myself to the more crucial ones, especially those raised in recent writings and which, strangely enough, tend to perpetuate the traditional explanation of the British conquest of Bengal.
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Besnoin JM, Choi KY. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTION BYPRODUCTS IN THE POLYMERIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/07366578908055164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effects of water absorption on physical properties and degree of molecular orientation of poly (ethylene terephthalate). POLYM ENG SCI 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760260907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Ravindranath K, Mashelkar R. Polyethylene terephthalate—I. Chemistry, thermodynamics and transport properties. Chem Eng Sci 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(86)85070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Gregory DR, Wampler FC. Errors that result from thermal degradation during shear measurements on some molten polymers. POLYM ENG SCI 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760250609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Haworth B, Walsh GM. Effects of hydrolysis on the physical properties of short glass-fibre reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4980170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ward IM. The role of molecular networks and thermally activated processes in the deformation behavior of polymers. POLYM ENG SCI 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.760241003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Clark D, Abu-Shbak M. Surface aspects of the heat treatment of polyethylene terephthalate as revealed by ESCA. Polym Degrad Stab 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-3910(84)90051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Thermooxidativer Abbau der acrylat-ummantelten Poly(ethylenterephthalat)-Garne. Colloid Polym Sci 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01421434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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