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Li J, Li H, Cai S, Bai S, Cai H, Zhang X. CD157 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mediates mitochondrial production and transfer to improve neuronal apoptosis and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:289. [PMID: 34001228 PMCID: PMC8127190 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies demonstrated that autologous mitochondria derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) might be valuable in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer from BMSCs to injured neurons are not fully understood. Methods We modified BMSCs by CD157, a cell surface molecule as a potential regulator mitochondria transfer, then transplanted to SCI rats and co-cultured with OGD injured VSC4.1 motor neuron. We detected extracellular mitochondrial particles derived from BMSCs by transmission electron microscope and measured the CD157/cyclic ADP-ribose signaling pathway-related protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay. The CD157 ADPR-cyclase activity and Fluo-4 AM was used to detect the Ca2+ signal. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was analyzed by GraphPad Prism 6 software. Unpaired t-test was used for the analysis of two groups. Multiple comparisons were evaluated by one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA. Results CD157 on BMSCs was upregulated when co-cultured with injured VSC4.1 motor neurons. Upregulation of CD157 on BMSCs could raise the transfer extracellular mitochondria particles to VSC4.1 motor neurons, gradually regenerate the axon of VSC4.1 motor neuron and reduce the cell apoptosis. Transplantation of CD157-modified BMSCs at the injured sites could significantly improve the functional recovery, axon regeneration, and neuron apoptosis in SCI rats. The level of Ca2+ in CD157-modified BMSCs dramatically increased when objected to high concentration cADPR, ATP content, and MMP of BMSCs also increased. Conclusion The present results suggested that CD157 can regulate the production and transfer of BMSC-derived extracellular mitochondrial particles, enriching the mechanism of the extracellular mitochondrial transfer in BMSCs transplantation and providing a novel strategy to improve the stem cell treatment on SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heyangzi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Simin Cai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Taizhou University; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huabo Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Gasparrini M, Sorci L, Raffaelli N. Enzymology of extracellular NAD metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3317-3331. [PMID: 33755743 PMCID: PMC8038981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular NAD represents a key signaling molecule in different physiological and pathological conditions. It exerts such function both directly, through the activation of specific purinergic receptors, or indirectly, serving as substrate of ectoenzymes, such as CD73, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, CD38 and its paralog CD157, and ecto ADP ribosyltransferases. By hydrolyzing NAD, these enzymes dictate extracellular NAD availability, thus regulating its direct signaling role. In addition, they can generate from NAD smaller signaling molecules, like the immunomodulator adenosine, or they can use NAD to ADP-ribosylate various extracellular proteins and membrane receptors, with significant impact on the control of immunity, inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and other diseases. Besides, they release from NAD several pyridine metabolites that can be taken up by the cell for the intracellular regeneration of NAD itself. The extracellular environment also hosts nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, which inside the cell catalyze key reactions in NAD salvaging pathways. The extracellular forms of these enzymes behave as cytokines, with pro-inflammatory functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the extracellular NAD metabolome and describes the major biochemical properties of the enzymes involved in extracellular NAD metabolism, focusing on the contribution of their catalytic activities to the biological function. By uncovering the controversies and gaps in their characterization, further research directions are suggested, also to better exploit the great potential of these enzymes as therapeutic targets in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorci
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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3
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Yakymiv Y, Augeri S, Fissolo G, Peola S, Bracci C, Binaschi M, Bellarosa D, Pellacani A, Ferrero E, Ortolan E, Funaro A. CD157: From Myeloid Cell Differentiation Marker to Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121580. [PMID: 31817547 PMCID: PMC6952987 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD157/BST-1 and CD38 are dual receptor-enzymes derived by gene duplication that belong to the ADP ribosyl cyclase gene family. First identified over 30 years ago as Mo5 myeloid differentiation antigen and 10 years later as Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 1 (BST-1), CD157 proved not to be restricted to the myeloid compartment and to have a diversified functional repertoire ranging from immunity to cancer and metabolism. Despite being a NAD+-metabolizing ectoenzyme anchored to the cell surface through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety, the functional significance of human CD157 as an enzyme remains unclear, while its receptor role emerged from its discovery and has been clearly delineated with the identification of its high affinity binding to fibronectin. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the immunoregulatory functions of human CD157/BST-1 in physiological and pathological conditions. We then focus on CD157 expression in hematological tumors highlighting its emerging role in the interaction between acute myeloid leukemia and extracellular matrix proteins and its potential utility for monoclonal antibody targeted therapy in this disease.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/chemistry
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/metabolism
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Disease Susceptibility
- Enzyme Activation
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/chemistry
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Substrate Specificity
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Yakymiv
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Giulia Fissolo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Silvia Peola
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Monica Binaschi
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bellarosa
- Department of Experimental and Translational Oncology, Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Enza Ferrero
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Erika Ortolan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (Y.Y.); (S.A.); (G.F.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (E.F.); (E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705988
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4
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Dai Z, Zhang XN, Nasertorabi F, Cheng Q, Pei H, Louie SG, Stevens RC, Zhang Y. Facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of a novel stable mimic of NAD . Chem Sci 2018; 9:8337-8342. [PMID: 30568770 PMCID: PMC6256357 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor participating in a variety of important enzyme-catalyzed physiological and pathophysiological processes. Analogues of NAD+ provide key and valuable agents for investigating NAD+-dependent enzymes. In this study, we report the preparation of a novel stable NAD+ mimic, 4'-thioribose NAD+ (S-NAD+), using a facile and efficient chemoenzymatic approach. Substrate activity assays indicated the resulting S-NAD+ is chemically inert to human CD38 and sirtuin 2 enzymes, but capable of participating in redox reactions in a manner similar to NAD+. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed binding of S-NAD+ to the active site of human CD38 and critical residues involved in leaving group activation and catalysis. By more closely mimicking NAD+ in geometry and electrostatics, the generated S-NAD+ offers a unique and important tool that can be extended to study enzymes utilizing NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Fariborz Nasertorabi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry , Bridge Institute , Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Hua Pei
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| | - Stan G Louie
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry , Bridge Institute , Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Ave , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry , Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
- Research Center for Liver Diseases , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA 90089 , USA
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5
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Augeri S, Capano S, Morone S, Fissolo G, Giacomino A, Peola S, Drace Z, Rapa I, Novello S, Volante M, Righi L, Ferrero E, Ortolan E, Funaro A. Soluble CD157 in pleural effusions: a complementary tool for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22785-22801. [PMID: 29854315 PMCID: PMC5978265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD157/Bst1 glycoprotein is expressed in >85% of malignant pleural mesotheliomas and is a marker of enhanced tumor aggressiveness. Results In vitro, mesothelial cells (malignant and non-malignant) released CD157 in soluble form or as an exosomal protein. In vivo, sCD157 is released and can be measured in pleural effusions by ELISA. Significantly higher levels of effusion sCD157 were detected in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma than in patients with non-mesothelioma tumors or with non-malignant conditions. In our patient cohort, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for sCD157 that discriminated malignant pleural mesothelioma from all other causes of pleural effusion was 0.685, cut-off (determined by the Youden Index) = 23.66 ng/ml (62.3% sensitivity; 73.93% specificity). Using a cut-off that yielded 95.58% specificity, measurement of sCD157 in cytology-negative effusions increased sensitivity of malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis from 34.42% to 49.18%. Conclusions Evaluation of soluble CD157 in pleural effusions provides a diagnostic aid in malignant mesothelioma. Methods Soluble CD157 (sCD157) was detected biochemically in culture supernatants of malignant and non-malignant mesothelial cells, and in pleural effusions from various pathological conditions. An ELISA system was established to measure the concentration of sCD157 in fluids, and extended to analyze sCD157 in pleural effusions from a cohort of 295 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Stefania Capano
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Simona Morone
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giulia Fissolo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Alice Giacomino
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Silvia Peola
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Zahida Drace
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Ida Rapa
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Luisella Righi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Enza Ferrero
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Erika Ortolan
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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6
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Ferrero E, Lo Buono N, Morone S, Parrotta R, Mancini C, Brusco A, Giacomino A, Augeri S, Rosal-Vela A, García-Rodríguez S, Zubiaur M, Sancho J, Fiorio Pla A, Funaro A. Human canonical CD157/Bst1 is an alternatively spliced isoform masking a previously unidentified primate-specific exon included in a novel transcript. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15923. [PMID: 29162908 PMCID: PMC5698419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD157/Bst1 is a dual-function receptor and β-NAD+-metabolizing ectoenzyme of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family. Expressed in human peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes, CD157 interacts with extracellular matrix components and regulates leukocyte diapedesis via integrin-mediated signalling in inflammation. CD157 also regulates cell migration and is a marker of adverse prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer and pleural mesothelioma. One form of CD157 is known to date: the canonical sequence of 318 aa from a 9-exon transcript encoded by BST1 on human chromosome 4. Here we describe a second BST1 transcript, consisting of 10 exons, in human neutrophils. This transcript includes an unreported exon, exon 1b, located between exons 1 and 2 of BST1. Inclusion of exon 1b in frame yields CD157-002, a novel proteoform of 333 aa: exclusion of exon 1b by alternative splicing generates canonical CD157, the dominant proteoform in neutrophils and other tissues analysed here. In comparative functional analyses, both proteoforms were indistinguishable in cell surface localization, specific mAb binding, and behaviour in cell adhesion and migration. However, NAD glycohydrolase activity was detected in canonical CD157 alone. Comparative phylogenetics indicate that exon 1b is a genomic innovation acquired during primate evolution, pointing to the importance of alternative splicing for CD157 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Ferrero
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Nicola Lo Buono
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.,San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Morone
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Rossella Parrotta
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alice Giacomino
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Augeri
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosal-Vela
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia García-Rodríguez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Zubiaur
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Sancho
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Guedes AGP, Deshpande DA, Dileepan M, Walseth TF, Panettieri RA, Subramanian S, Kannan MS. CD38 and airway hyper-responsiveness: studies on human airway smooth muscle cells and mouse models. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 93:145-53. [PMID: 25594684 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease in which altered calcium regulation, contractility, and airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation contribute to airway hyper-responsiveness and airway wall remodeling. The enzymatic activity of CD38, a cell-surface protein expressed in human ASM cells, generates calcium mobilizing second messenger molecules such as cyclic ADP-ribose. CD38 expression in human ASM cells is augmented by cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) that requires the activation of MAP kinases and the transcription factors, NF-κB and AP-1, and is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-140-3p and miR-708 by binding to 3' Untranslated Region of CD38 as well as by modulating the activation of signaling mechanisms involved in its regulation. Mice deficient in Cd38 exhibit reduced airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine relative to the response in wild-type mice. Intranasal challenge of Cd38-deficient mice with TNF-α or IL-13, or the environmental fungus Alternaria alternata, causes significantly attenuated methacholine responsiveness compared with wild-type mice, with comparable airway inflammation. Reciprocal bone marrow transfer studies revealed partial restoration of airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in the Cd38-deficient mice. These studies provide evidence for CD38 involvement in the development of airway hyper-responsiveness; a hallmark feature of asthma. Future studies aimed at drug discovery and delivery targeting CD38 expression and (or) activity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- a Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Morone S, Augeri S, Cuccioloni M, Mozzicafreddo M, Angeletti M, Lo Buono N, Giacomino A, Ortolan E, Funaro A. Binding of CD157 protein to fibronectin regulates cell adhesion and spreading. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15588-601. [PMID: 24753259 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD157/BST-1 behaves both as an ectoenzyme and signaling receptor and is an important regulator of leukocyte trafficking and ovarian cancer progression. However, the molecular interactions underpinning the role of CD157 in these processes remain obscure. The biological functions of CD157 and its partnership with members of the integrin family prompted us to assume the existence of a direct interaction between CD157 and an unknown component of the extracellular matrix. Using solid-phase binding assays and surface plasmon resonance analysis, we demonstrated that CD157 binds fibronectin with high affinity within its heparin-binding domains 1 and 2. Furthermore, we found that CD157 binds to other extracellular matrix proteins containing heparin-binding domains. Finally, we proved that the CD157-fibronectin interaction occurs with living cells, where it elicits CD157-mediated cell responses. Indeed, knockdown of CD157 in Met-5A mesothelial cells changed their morphology and cytoskeleton organization and attenuated the activation of intracellular signaling pathways triggered by fibronectin. This led to impaired cell spreading and adhesion to selected extracellular matrix proteins. Collectively, these findings indicate a central role of CD157 in cell-extracellular matrix interactions and make CD157 an attractive therapeutic target in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Morone
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino and
| | - Stefania Augeri
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino and
| | - Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- the School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- the School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mauro Angeletti
- the School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Nicola Lo Buono
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino and
| | - Alice Giacomino
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino and
| | - Erika Ortolan
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino and
| | - Ada Funaro
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino and
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9
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Sun B, Ma L, Yan X, Lee D, Alexander V, Hohmann LJ, Lorang C, Chandrasena L, Tian Q, Hood L. N-glycoproteome of E14.Tg2a mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55722. [PMID: 23405203 PMCID: PMC3565968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E14.Tg2a mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells are a widely used host in gene trap and gene targeting techniques. Molecular characterization of host cells will provide background information for a better understanding of functions of the knockout genes. Using a highly selective glycopeptide-capture approach but ordinary liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we characterized the N-glycoproteins of E14.Tg2a cells and analyzed the close relationship between the obtained N-glycoproteome and cell-surface proteomes. Our results provide a global view of cell surface protein molecular properties, in which receptors seem to be much more diverse but lower in abundance than transporters on average. In addition, our results provide a systematic view of the E14.Tg2a N-glycosylation, from which we discovered some striking patterns, including an evolutionarily preserved and maybe functionally selected complementarity between N-glycosylation and the transmembrane structure in protein sequences. We also observed an environmentally influenced N-glycosylation pattern among glycoenzymes and extracellular matrix proteins. We hope that the acquired information enhances our molecular understanding of mES E14.Tg2a as well as the biological roles played by N-glycosylation in cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (LH); (BS)
| | - Li Ma
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Denis Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vinita Alexander
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Hohmann
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Lorang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lalangi Chandrasena
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LH); (BS)
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Muller-Steffner H, Kuhn I, Argentini M, Schuber F. Identification of the N-glycosylation sites on recombinant bovine CD38 expressed in Pichia pastoris: Their impact on enzyme stability and catalytic activity. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 70:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Muto T, Tsuchiya D, Morikawa K, Jingami H. Site-specific unglycosylation to improve crystallization of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 extracellular domain. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:236-41. [PMID: 19255473 PMCID: PMC2650456 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system. The extracellular domain (ECD) of mGluR subtype 3 (mGluR3) was produced using the baculovirus expression system and purified from the culture medium. However, the recombinant protein showed heterogeneity in molecular weight on SDS-PAGE analysis. It was found that the unglycosylation of Asn414 significantly reduced the heterogeneity. Consequently, three site-specifically unglycosylated mutant proteins of mGluR3 ECD, replacing Asn414 only or replacing Asn414 in combination with other glycosylation sites, were successfully crystallized in the presence of L-glutamate. Among them, crystals of the N414/439Q mutant diffracted X-rays to 2.35 A resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 84.0, b = 97.5, c = 108.1 A, beta = 93.0 degrees . Assuming the presence of two protomers per crystallographic asymmetric unit, the Matthews coefficient V(M) was calculated to be 3.5 A(3) Da(-1) and the solvent content was 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Muto
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuchiya
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morikawa
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Hisato Jingami
- Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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Abstract
CD38 is a novel multifunctional protein that serves not only as an antigen but also as an enzyme. It catalyzes the metabolism of cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, two structurally and functionally distinct Ca(2+) messengers targeting, respectively, the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal Ca(2+) stores. The protein has recently been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure solved to a resolution of 1.9 A. The crystal structure of a binary complex reveals critical interactions between residues at the active site and a bound substrate, providing mechanistic insights to its novel multi-functional catalysis. This article reviews the current advances in the understanding of the structural determinants that control the multiple enzymatic reactions catalyzed by CD38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Lee HC. Structure and enzymatic functions of human CD38. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 12:317-23. [PMID: 17380198 PMCID: PMC1829193 DOI: 10.2119/2006–00086.lee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a novel multifunctional protein that serves not only as an antigen but also as an enzyme. It catalyzes the metabolism of cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, two structurally and functionally distinct Ca(2+) messengers targeting, respectively, the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal Ca(2+) stores. The protein has recently been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure solved to a resolution of 1.9 A. The crystal structure of a binary complex reveals critical interactions between residues at the active site and a bound substrate, providing mechanistic insights to its novel multi-functional catalysis. This article reviews the current advances in the understanding of the structural determinants that control the multiple enzymatic reactions catalyzed by CD38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Cheung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Yamamoto-Katayama S, Ariyoshi M, Ishihara K, Hirano T, Jingami H, Morikawa K. Crystallographic studies on human BST-1/CD157 with ADP-ribosyl cyclase and NAD glycohydrolase activities. J Mol Biol 2002; 316:711-23. [PMID: 11866528 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
cADPR is the novel second messenger that elicits calcium release from intracellular calcium stores and works independently of IP(3). In mammals, the ADP-ribosyl cyclase function is found in two membrane proteins, CD38 and BST-1/CD157. These enzymes, exposed extracellularly, bear cADPR hydrolase and NAD glycohydrolase activities. In spite of its functional importance, the structural basis of these enzymatic reactions remains elusive. We determined the crystal structures of the extracellular region of human BST-1 at atomic resolution in the free form and in complexes with five substrate analogues: nicotinamide, NMN, ATPgammaS, ethenoNADP, and ethenoNAD. The three-dimensional structural views of the reaction centre with these ligands revealed the mode of substrate binding and the catalytic mechanism of the multifunctional enzymatic reactions. In each catalytic cleft of the dimeric enzyme, substrates are recognized predominantly through van der Waals interactions with two tryptophan residues, and thereby the N-glycosidic bond of NAD is correctly exposed near a catalytic glutamate residue. Its carboxyl side-chain stabilizes the catalytic intermediate of the S(N)-1 type reaction. This conformation of the catalytic cleft also implies the mechanism of cyclization between the adenine base and the ribose. The three key residues are invariant among the sequences of BST-1, CD38, and Aplysia cyclase, and hence this substrate recognition mode and catalytic scheme appear to be common in the cyclase family.
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