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Serneels L, Bammens L, Zwijsen A, Tolia A, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, De Strooper B. Functional and topological analysis of PSENEN, the fourth subunit of the γ-secretase complex. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105533. [PMID: 38072061 PMCID: PMC10790097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The γ-secretase complexes are intramembrane cleaving proteases involved in the generation of the Aβ peptides in Alzheimer's disease. The complex consists of four subunits, with Presenilin harboring the catalytic site. Here, we study the role of the smallest subunit, PSENEN or Presenilin enhancer 2, encoded by the gene Psenen, in vivo and in vitro. We find a profound Notch deficiency phenotype in Psenen-/- embryos confirming the essential role of PSENEN in the γ-secretase complex. We used Psenen-/- fibroblasts to explore the structure-function of PSENEN by the scanning cysteine accessibility method. Glycine 22 and proline 27, which border the membrane domains 1 and 2 of PSENEN, are involved in complex formation and stabilization of γ-secretase. The hairpin structured hydrophobic membrane domains 1 and 2 are exposed to a water-containing cavity in the complex, while transmembrane domain 3 is not water exposed. We finally demonstrate the essential role of PSENEN for the cleavage activity of the complex. PSENEN is more than a structural component of the γ-secretase complex and might contribute to the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutgarde Serneels
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Bammens
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Laboratory of Developmental Signaling, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Tolia
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Kim J, Kaang BK. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor in astrocytic synaptic communication. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 14:1059918. [PMID: 36685081 PMCID: PMC9845270 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1059918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are known to actively participate in synaptic communication by forming structures called tripartite synapses. These synapses consist of presynaptic axon terminals, postsynaptic dendritic spines, and astrocytic processes where astrocytes release and receive transmitters. Although the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) has been actively studied as an important factor for mediating synaptic activity-induced responses in neurons, its role in astrocytes is relatively unknown. Synaptic signals are known to activate various downstream pathways in astrocytes, which can activate the CREB transcription factor. Therefore, there is a need to summarize studies on astrocytic intracellular pathways that are induced by synaptic communication resulting in activation of the CREB pathway. In this review, we discuss the various neurotransmitter receptors and intracellular pathways that can induce CREB activation and CREB-induced gene regulation in astrocytes.
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3
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Ren G, Song S, Zhang SX, Liu Y, Lv Y, Wang YH, Zhao R, Li XY. Brain region-specific genome-wide deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:971565. [PMID: 37122620 PMCID: PMC10133508 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.971565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuropathology and cognitive decline and associated with age. The comprehensive deoxyribonucleic acid methylation (DNAm)-transcriptome profile association analysis conducted in this study aimed to establish whole-genome DNAm profiles and explore DNAm-related genes and their potential functions. More appropriate biomarkers were expected to be identified in terms of AD. Materials and methods Illumina 450KGSE59685 dataset AD (n = 54) and HC (n = 21) and ribonucleic-acid-sequencing data GSE118553 dataset AD patients (n = 21) and HCs (n = 13) were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database before a comprehensive DNAm-transcriptome profile association analysis, and we performed functional enrichment analysis by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses (KEGG). Three transgenic mice and three wild-type mice were used to validate the hub genes. Results A total of 18,104 DNAm sites in healthy controls (n = 21) and AD patients (n = 54) were surveyed across three brain regions (superior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). With the addition of the transcriptome analysis, eight hypomethylated-related highly expressed genes and 61 hypermethylated-related lowly expressed genes were identified. Based on 69 shared differentially methylated genes (DMGs), the function enrichment analysis indicated Guanosine triphosphate enzymes (GTPase) regulator activity, a synaptic vesicle cycle, and tight junction functioning. Following this, mice-based models of AD were constructed, and five hub DMGs were verified, which represented a powerful, disease-specific DNAm signature for AD. Conclusion The results revealed that the cross-brain region DNAm was altered in those with AD. The alterations in DNAm affected the target gene expression and participated in the key biological processes of AD. The study provides a valuable epigenetic resource for identifying DNAm-based diagnostic biomarkers, developing effective drugs, and studying AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Yi Li,
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4
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Chen Y, Hou X, Pang J, Yang F, Li A, Lin S, Lin N, Lee TH, Liu H. The role of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in neuronal signaling in epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1006419. [PMID: 36304997 PMCID: PMC9592815 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1006419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common symptom of many neurological disorders and can lead to neuronal damage that plays a major role in seizure-related disability. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has wide-ranging influences on the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. It has also been suggested that Pin1 acts on epileptic inhibition, and the molecular mechanism has recently been reported. In this review, we primarily focus on research concerning the mechanisms and functions of Pin1 in neurons. In addition, we highlight the significance and potential applications of Pin1 in neuronal diseases, especially epilepsy. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which Pin1 controls synapses, ion channels and neuronal signaling pathways to modulate epileptic susceptibility. Since neurotransmitters and some neuronal signaling pathways, such as Notch1 and PI3K/Akt, are vital to the nervous system, the role of Pin1 in epilepsy is discussed in the context of the CaMKII-AMPA receptor axis, PSD-95-NMDA receptor axis, NL2/gephyrin-GABA receptor signaling, and Notch1 and PI3K/Akt pathways. The effect of Pin1 on the progression of epilepsy in animal models is discussed as well. This information will lead to a better understanding of Pin1 signaling pathways in epilepsy and may facilitate development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Hou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiao Pang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Angcheng Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suijin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hekun Liu,
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Roflumilast, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, protects against cerebrovascular endothelial injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by activating the Notch1/Hes1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Phetthong T, Khongkrapan A, Jinawath N, Seo GH, Wattanasirichaigoon D. Compound Heterozygote of Point Mutation and Chromosomal Microdeletion Involving OTUD6B Coinciding with ZMIZ1 Variant in Syndromic Intellectual Disability. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101583. [PMID: 34680978 PMCID: PMC8535745 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The OTUD6B and ZMIZ1 genes were recently identified as causes of syndromic intellectual disability (ID) with shared phenotypes of facial dysmorphism, distal limb anomalies, and seizure disorders. OTUD6B- and ZMIZ1-related ID are inherited in autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns, respectively. We report a 5-year-old girl with developmental delay, facial phenotypes resembling Williams syndrome, and cardiac defects. The patient also had terminal broadening of the fingers and polydactyly. Cytogenomic microarray (CMA), whole exome sequencing (WES), and mRNA analysis were performed. The CMA showed a paternally inherited 0.118 Mb deletion of 8q21.3, chr8:92084087–92202189, with OTUD6B involved. The WES identified a hemizygous OTUD6B variant, c.873delA (p.Lys291AsnfsTer3). The mother was heterozygous for this allele. The WES also demonstrated a heterozygous ZMIZ1 variant, c.1491 + 2T > C, in the patient and her father. This ZMIZ1 variant yielded exon 14 skipping, as evidenced by mRNA study. We suggest that Williams syndrome-like phenotypes, namely, periorbital edema, hanging cheek, and long and smooth philtrum represent expanded phenotypes of OTUD6B-related ID. Our data expand the genotypic spectrum of OTUD6B- and ZMIZ1-related disorders. This is the first reported case of a compound heterozygote featuring point mutation, chromosomal microdeletion of OTUD6B, and the unique event of OTUD6B, coupled with ZMIZ1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Phetthong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.K.)
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthaporn Khongkrapan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Integrative Computational Bioscience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Go-Hun Seo
- Department of Medical Genetics, 3billion, Inc., Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Different Flavors of Astrocytes: Revising the Origins of Astrocyte Diversity and Epigenetic Signatures to Understand Heterogeneity after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136867. [PMID: 34206710 PMCID: PMC8268487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a specific type of neuroglial cells that confer metabolic and structural support to neurons. Astrocytes populate all regions of the nervous system and adopt a variety of phenotypes depending on their location and their respective functions, which are also pleiotropic in nature. For example, astrocytes adapt to pathological conditions with a specific cellular response known as reactive astrogliosis, which includes extensive phenotypic and transcriptional changes. Reactive astrocytes may lose some of their homeostatic functions and gain protective or detrimental properties with great impact on damage propagation. Different astrocyte subpopulations seemingly coexist in reactive astrogliosis, however, the source of such heterogeneity is not completely understood. Altered cellular signaling in pathological compared to healthy conditions might be one source fueling astrocyte heterogeneity. Moreover, diversity might also be encoded cell-autonomously, for example as a result of astrocyte subtype specification during development. We hypothesize and propose here that elucidating the epigenetic signature underlying the phenotype of each astrocyte subtype is of high relevance to understand another regulative layer of astrocyte heterogeneity, in general as well as after injury or as a result of other pathological conditions. High resolution methods should allow enlightening diverse cell states and subtypes of astrocyte, their adaptation to pathological conditions and ultimately allow controlling and manipulating astrocyte functions in disease states. Here, we review novel literature reporting on astrocyte diversity from a developmental perspective and we focus on epigenetic signatures that might account for cell type specification.
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8
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Zhang P, Ishikawa M, Doyle A, Nakamura T, He B, Yamada Y. Pannexin 3 regulates skin development via Epiprofin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1779. [PMID: 33469169 PMCID: PMC7815752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 3 (Panx3), a member of the gap junction pannexin family is required for the development of hard tissues including bone, cartilage and teeth. However, the role of Panx3 in skin development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Panx3 regulates skin development by modulating the transcription factor, Epiprofin (Epfn). Panx3-/- mice have impaired skin development and delayed hair follicle regeneration. Loss of Panx3 in knockout mice and suppression by shRNA both elicited a reduction of Epfn expression in the epidermis. In cell culture, Panx3 overexpression promoted HaCaT cell differentiation, cell cycle exit and enhanced Epfn expression. Epfn-/- mice and inhibition of Epfn by siRNA showed no obvious differences of Panx3 expression. Furthermore, Panx3 promotes Akt/NFAT signaling pathway in keratinocyte differentiation by both Panx3 ATP releasing channel and ER Ca2+ channel functions. Our results reveal that Panx3 has a key role factor for the skin development by regulating Epfn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry 4-1, Seiryo chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Andrew Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Bing He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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9
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Todd AC, Hardingham GE. The Regulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9607. [PMID: 33348528 PMCID: PMC7766851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The astrocytic glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (EAAT1 and EAAT2) play a key role in nervous system function to maintain extracellular glutamate levels at low levels. In physiology, this is essential for the rapid uptake of synaptically released glutamate, maintaining the temporal fidelity of synaptic transmission. However, EAAT1/2 hypo-expression or hypo-function are implicated in several disorders, including epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as being observed naturally with aging. This not only disrupts synaptic information transmission, but in extremis leads to extracellular glutamate accumulation and excitotoxicity. A key facet of EAAT1/2 expression in astrocytes is a requirement for signals from other brain cell types in order to maintain their expression. Recent evidence has shown a prominent role for contact-dependent neuron-to-astrocyte and/or endothelial cell-to-astrocyte Notch signalling for inducing and maintaining the expression of these astrocytic glutamate transporters. The relevance of this non-cell-autonomous dependence to age- and neurodegenerative disease-associated decline in astrocytic EAAT expression is discussed, plus the implications for disease progression and putative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Todd
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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10
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Pustchi SE, Avci NG, Akay YM, Akay M. Astrocytes Decreased the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Bay 11-7082. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7154. [PMID: 32998285 PMCID: PMC7583902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant type of astrocytic tumors. GBM patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite the "Stupp" Regimen and high tumor recurrence due to the tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we co-cultured GBM cells with human astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDA) microwells to mimic the tumor microenvironment. We treated 3D co- and mono-cultured cells with Temozolomide (TMZ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor Bay 11-7082 and investigated the combined effect of the drugs. We assessed the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin that play a role in the tumor malignancy and activation of the astrocytes as well as Notch-1 and survivin that play a role in GBM malignancy after the drug treatment to understand how astrocytes induced GBM drug response. Our results showed that in the co-culture, astrocytes increased GBM survival and resistance after combined drug treatment compared to mono-cultures. These data restated the importance of 3D cell culture to mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/cytology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Survivin/genetics
- Survivin/metabolism
- Temozolomide/pharmacology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.E.P.); (N.G.A.); (Y.M.A.)
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11
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Latchman K, Calder M, Morel D, Rhodes L, Juusola J, Tekin M. Autosomal dominant inheritance in a recently described ZMIZ1-related neurodevelopmental disorder: Case report of siblings and an affected parent. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:548-552. [PMID: 31833199 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ZMIZ1, zinc finger MIZ-domain containing 1, has recently been described in association with syndromic intellectual disability in which the primary phenotypic features include intellectual disability/developmental delay, seizures, hearing loss, behavioral issues, failure to thrive, and various congenital malformations. Most reported cases have been found to result from de novo mutations except for one set of three siblings in which parental testing could not be performed. With informed consent from the family, we report on a father and his two sons demonstrating autosomal dominant inheritance of a novel pathogenic ZMIZ1 variant, c.1310delC (p.Pro437ArgfsX84), causing this recently described neurodevelopmental syndrome. While they all show syndromic findings along with short stature and intellectual disability, only one child had sensorineural hearing loss. Moreover, severity of intellectual disability and eyelid ptosis were variable among the affected members. Our report demonstrates that phenotypic features of ZMIZ1-related neurodevelopmental syndrome are variable even within the same family and that parental testing to identify a mildly affected parent is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarie Latchman
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Madison Calder
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Dayna Morel
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | | | - Mustafa Tekin
- Division of Clinical and Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
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12
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty M. Autophagy-induced degradation of Notch1, achieved through intermittent fasting, may promote beta cell neogenesis: implications for reversal of type 2 diabetes. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001028. [PMID: 31218007 PMCID: PMC6546199 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Carapito R, Ivanova EL, Morlon A, Meng L, Molitor A, Erdmann E, Kieffer B, Pichot A, Naegely L, Kolmer A, Paul N, Hanauer A, Tran Mau-Them F, Jean-Marçais N, Hiatt SM, Cooper GM, Tvrdik T, Muir AM, Dimartino C, Chopra M, Amiel J, Gordon CT, Dutreux F, Garde A, Thauvin-Robinet C, Wang X, Leduc MS, Phillips M, Crawford HP, Kukolich MK, Hunt D, Harrison V, Kharbanda M, Smigiel R, Gold N, Hung CY, Viskochil DH, Dugan SL, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Joly-Helas G, Guerrot AM, Schluth-Bolard C, Rio M, Wentzensen IM, McWalter K, Schnur RE, Lewis AM, Lalani SR, Mensah-Bonsu N, Céraline J, Sun Z, Ploski R, Bacino CA, Mefford HC, Faivre L, Bodamer O, Chelly J, Isidor B, Bahram S, Isidor B, Bahram S. ZMIZ1 Variants Cause a Syndromic Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:319-330. [PMID: 30639322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
ZMIZ1 is a coactivator of several transcription factors, including p53, the androgen receptor, and NOTCH1. Here, we report 19 subjects with intellectual disability and developmental delay carrying variants in ZMIZ1. The associated features include growth failure, feeding difficulties, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, and various other congenital malformations. Of these 19, 14 unrelated subjects carried de novo heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or single-base insertions/deletions, 3 siblings harbored a heterozygous single-base insertion, and 2 subjects had a balanced translocation disrupting ZMIZ1 or involving a regulatory region of ZMIZ1. In total, we identified 13 point mutations that affect key protein regions, including a SUMO acceptor site, a central disordered alanine-rich motif, a proline-rich domain, and a transactivation domain. All identified variants were absent from all available exome and genome databases. In vitro, ZMIZ1 showed impaired coactivation of the androgen receptor. In vivo, overexpression of ZMIZ1 mutant alleles in developing mouse brains using in utero electroporation resulted in abnormal pyramidal neuron morphology, polarization, and positioning, underscoring the importance of ZMIZ1 in neural development and supporting mutations in ZMIZ1 as the cause of a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg, France; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
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14
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Small-chain fatty acid activates astrocytic odorant receptor Olfr920. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:383-387. [PMID: 30711253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Odorant receptors are the largest subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and were recently suggested to play critical roles in nonolfactory tissues. However, the expression and function of odorant receptors in astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are not well known. We demonstrate that Olfr920 is highly expressed and propose that it functions as a short-chain fatty acid sensor in primary cortical astrocytes. The short-chain fatty acid isobutyric acid (IBA) was identified via a luciferase assay as an Olfr920 ligand. We show that IBA activates the Gs protein-adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway via Olfr920 in primary cortical astrocytes by using cAMP and knockdown analyses. In addition, IBA reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that astrocytic Olfr920 is a potential novel target for increased reactive astrocytes.
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15
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Das M, Das S. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Induced Morphological Differentiation of Astrocytes Is Associated with Transcriptional Upregulation and Endocytosis of β 2-AR. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2685-2702. [PMID: 30054857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important ω-3 fatty acid, is abundantly present in the central nervous system and is important in every step of brain development. Much of this knowledge has been based on studies of the role of DHA in the function of the neurons, and reports on its effect on the glial cells are few and far between. We have previously reported that DHA facilitates astrocyte differentiation in primary culture. We have further explored the signaling mechanism associated with this event. It was observed that a sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) appeared to be critical for DHA-induced differentiation of the cultured astrocytes. Prior exposure to different endocytic inhibitors blocked both ERK activation and differentiation of the astrocytes during DHA treatment suggesting that the observed induction of ERK-2 was purely endosomal. Unlike the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) antagonist, atenolol, pre-treatment of the cells with the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) antagonist, ICI-118,551 inhibited the DHA-induced differentiation process, indicating a downstream involvement of β2-AR in the differentiation process. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated a significant induction in the mRNA and protein expression of β2-AR at 18-24 h of DHA treatment, suggesting that the induction of β2-AR may be due to transcriptional upregulation. Moreover, DHA caused activation of PKA at 6 h, followed by activation of downstream cAMP response element-binding protein, a known transcription factor for β2-AR. Altogether, the observations suggest that DHA upregulates β2-AR in astrocytes, which undergo endocytosis and signals for sustained endosomal ERK activation to drive the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitreyi Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumantra Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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16
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Metabolic shift in density-dependent stem cell differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:44. [PMID: 29052507 PMCID: PMC5649068 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a valuable source for cell- and tissue-based therapeutic strategies. During the optimization of endothelial cell (EC) inductions from mouse ESCs using our staged and chemically-defined induction methods, we found that cell seeding density but not VEGF treatment between 10 ng/mL and 40 ng/mL was a significant variable directing ESCs into FLK1+ VPCs during stage 1 induction. Here, we examine potential contributions from cell-to-cell signaling or cellular metabolism in the production of VPCs from ESCs seeded at different cell densities. METHODS Using 1D 1H-NMR spectroscopy, transcriptomic arrays, and flow cytometry, we observed that the density-dependent differentiation of ESCs into FLK1+ VPCs positively correlated with a shift in metabolism and cellular growth. RESULTS Specifically, cell differentiation correlated with an earlier plateauing of exhaustive glycolysis, decreased lactate production, lower metabolite consumption, decreased cellular proliferation and an increase in cell size. In contrast, cells seeded at a lower density of 1,000 cells/cm2 exhibited increased rates of glycolysis, lactate secretion, metabolite utilization, and proliferation over the same induction period. Gene expression analysis indicated that high cell seeding density correlated with up-regulation of several genes including cell adhesion molecules of the notch family (NOTCH1 and NOTCH4) and cadherin family (CDH5) related to vascular development. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that a distinct metabolic phenotype correlates with cell differentiation of VPCs.
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17
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Amar M, Singh A, Mallick BN. Noradrenergic β-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Intracellular Molecular Mechanism of Na-K ATPase Subunit Expression in C6 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:441-457. [PMID: 28353187 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-associated elevated noradrenaline increases and decreases neuronal and glial Na-K ATPase activity, respectively. In this study, using C6 cell-line as a model, we investigated the possible intracellular molecular mechanism of noradrenaline-induced decreased glial Na-K ATPase activity. The cells were treated with noradrenaline in the presence or absence of adrenoceptor antagonists, modulators of extra- and intracellular Ca++ and modulators of intracellular signalling pathways. We observed that noradrenaline acting on β-adrenoceptor decreased Na-K ATPase activity and mRNA expression of the catalytic α2-Na-K ATPase subunit in the C6 cells. Further, cAMP and protein kinase-A mediated release of intracellular Ca++ played a critical role in such decreased α2-Na-K ATPase expression. In contrast, noradrenaline acting on β-adrenoceptor up-regulated the expression of regulatory β2-Na-K ATPase subunit, which although was cAMP and Ca++ dependent, was independent of protein kinase-A and protein kinase-C. Combining these with previous findings (including ours) we have proposed a working model for noradrenaline-induced suppression of glial Na-K ATPase activity and alteration in its subunit expression. The findings help understanding noradrenaline-associated maintenance of brain excitability during health and altered states, particularly in relation to rapid eye movement sleep and its deprivation when the noradrenaline level is naturally altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Amar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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18
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Zhu T, Li X, Luo L, Wang X, Li Z, Xie P, Gao X, Song Z, Su J, Liang G. Reversion of malignant phenotypes of human glioblastoma cells by β-elemene through β-catenin-mediated regulation of stemness-, differentiation- and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related molecules. J Transl Med 2015; 13:356. [PMID: 26563263 PMCID: PMC4642639 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor. β-Elemene, a natural plant drug extracted from Curcuma wenyujin, has shown strong anti-tumor effects in various tumors with low toxicity. However, the effects of β-elemene on malignant phenotypes of human glioblastoma cells remain to be elucidated. Here we evaluated the effects of β-elemene on cell proliferation, survival, stemness, differentiation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods Human primary and U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with β-elemene, cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay, and treated cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the expression levels of stemness markers, differentiation-related molecules and EMT-related effectors. Transwell assays were performed to further determine EMT of glioblastoma cells. To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on glioblastoma in vivo, we subcutaneously injected glioblastoma cells into the flank of nude mice and then intraperitoneally injected NaCl or β-elemene. The tumor xenograft volumes were measured every 3 days and the expression of stemness-, differentiation- and EMT-related effectors was determined by Western blot assays in xenografts. Results β-Elemene inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, impaired invasiveness in glioblastoma cells and suppressed the growth of animal xenografts. The expression levels of the stemness markers CD133 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 as well as the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly downregulated, whereas the expression levels of the differentiation-related effectors glial fibrillary acidic protein, Notch1, and sonic hedgehog as well as the epithelial marker E-cadherin were upregulated by β-elemene in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the expression of vimentin was increased by β-elemene in vitro; this result was opposite that for the in vivo procedure. Inhibiting β-catenin enhanced the anti-proliferative, EMT-inhibitory and specific marker expression-regulatory effects of β-elemene. Conclusions β-Elemene reversed malignant phenotypes of human glioblastoma cells through β-catenin-involved regulation of stemness-, differentiation- and EMT-related molecules. β-Elemene represents a potentially valuable agent for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Lihan Luo
- Health Care Centre, Shenyang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Zhenquan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Jingyuan Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110840, China.
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19
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Kahlert UD, Cheng M, Koch K, Marchionni L, Fan X, Raabe EH, Maciaczyk J, Glunde K, Eberhart CG. Alterations in cellular metabolome after pharmacological inhibition of Notch in glioblastoma cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1246-55. [PMID: 26422827 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling can promote tumorigenesis in the nervous system and plays important roles in stem-like cancer cells. However, little is known about how Notch inhibition might alter tumor metabolism, particularly in lesions arising in the brain. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK003 was used to treat glioblastoma neurospheres, and they were subdivided into sensitive and insensitive groups in terms of canonical Notch target response. Global metabolomes were then examined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and changes in intracellular concentration of various metabolites identified which correlate with Notch inhibition. Reductions in glutamate were verified by oxidation-based colorimetric assays. Interestingly, the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, the mTOR-inhibitor MLN0128, and the WNT inhibitor LGK974 did not reduce glutamate levels, suggesting that changes to this metabolite might reflect specific downstream effects of Notch blockade in gliomas rather than general sequelae of tumor growth inhibition. Global and targeted expression analyses revealed that multiple genes important in glutamate homeostasis, including glutaminase, are dysregulated after Notch inhibition. Treatment with an allosteric inhibitor of glutaminase, compound 968, could slow glioblastoma growth, and Notch inhibition may act at least in part by regulating glutaminase and glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Forschungsgebaeude Pathologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katharina Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Forschungsgebaeude Pathologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Forschungsgebaeude Pathologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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20
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Otti GR, Saleh L, Velicky P, Fiala C, Pollheimer J, Knöfler M. Notch2 controls prolactin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 expression in decidualizing human stromal cells of early pregnancy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112723. [PMID: 25397403 PMCID: PMC4232464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidualization, the transformation of the human uterine mucosa into the endometrium of pregnancy, is critical for successful implantation and embryonic development. However, key regulatory factors controlling differentiation of uterine stromal cells into hormone-secreting decidual cells have not been fully elucidated. Hence, we herein investigated the role of the Notch signaling pathway in human decidual stromal cells (HDSC) isolated from early pregnancy samples. Immunofluorescence of first trimester decidual tissues revealed expression of Notch2 receptor and its putative, membrane-anchored interaction partners Jagged1, Delta-like (DLL) 1 and DLL4 in stromal cells whereas other Notch receptors and ligands were absent from these cells. During in vitro differentiation with estrogen/progesterone (E2P4) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) HDSC constitutively expressed Notch2 and weakly downregulated Jagged1 mRNA and protein, measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. However, increased levels of DLL1 and DLL4 were observed in the decidualizing cultures. Transfection of a Notch luciferase reporter and qPCR of the Notch target gene hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) revealed an induction of canonical Notch activity during in vitro differentiation. In contrast, treatment of HDSC with a chemical Notch/γ-secretase inhibitor decreased cAMP/E2P4-stimulated Notch luciferase activity, HES1 transcript levels and mRNA expression of the decidual marker genes prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1). Similarly, siRNA-mediated gene silencing or antibody-mediated blocking of Notch2 diminished HES1, PRL and IGFBP1 mRNA levels as well as secreted PRL protein. In summary, the data suggest that canonical, Notch2-dependent signaling plays a role in human decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde R. Otti
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Saleh
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Velicky
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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