1
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Xu H, Yu AL, Zhao DP, Meng GY, Wang L, Shan M, Hu NX, Liu YL. Ursolic acid inhibits Th17 cell differentiation via STAT3/RORγt pathway and suppresses Schwann cell-mediated Th17 cell migration by reducing CXCL9/10 expression. Innate Immun 2022; 28:155-163. [PMID: 35548957 PMCID: PMC9189552 DOI: 10.1177/17534259221094559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells represent important immune cells. Ursolic acid (UA) can regulate immune cell activities. This study was aimed to explore the effects of UA on Th17 cell differentiation and Schwann cell(SCs)-mediated migration and the potential mechanism. Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from rat peripheral blood, induced for Th17 cell differentiation, and treated with UA. The proportion of Th17 cells was detected by flow cytometry assay. SCs were co-cultured with Th17 cells. Th17 cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. The molecule expression was determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. UA inhibited the Th17 cell differentiation and suppressed the STAT3/RORγt pathway. STAT3 overexpression up-regulated p-STAT3 and RORγt expression and promoted Th17 cell differentiation under the UA treatment. In LPS- and IFN-γ-stimulated-SCs, UA suppressed the expression of chemokines CXCL9/10, but had no significant effect of CCL20 expression. The expression CXCL9/10 receptor CXCR3 was higher in Th17 cells than that in Treg cells, while the expression CCL20 receptor CCR6 was lower in Th17 cells than that in Treg cells. UA, anti-CXCR3, and anti-CCR6 treatment inhibited SCs-mediated Th17 cell migration, and anti-CXCR3 exerted stronger inhibitory effect than Anti-CCR6. UA inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through STAT3/RORγt pathway and suppressed Th17 cell migration through down-regulating CXCL9/10 expression in SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ai-ling Yu
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Da-peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-yuan Meng
- Clinical laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Min Shan
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Nai-xia Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
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2
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de Souza BJ, Mendes MA, Sperandio da Silva GM, Sammarco-Rosa P, de Moraes MO, Jardim MR, Sarno EN, Pinheiro RO, Mietto BS. Gene Expression Profile of Mycobacterium leprae Contribution in the Pathology of Leprosy Neuropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:861586. [PMID: 35492305 PMCID: PMC9051340 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.861586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is the main cause of physical disability in leprosy patients. Importantly, the extension and pattern of peripheral damage has been linked to how the host cell will respond against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection, in particular, how the pathogen will establish infection in Schwann cells. Interestingly, viable and dead M. leprae have been linked to neuropathology of leprosy by distinct mechanisms. While viable M. leprae promotes transcriptional modifications that allow the bacteria to survive through the use of the host cell's internal machinery and the subvert of host metabolites, components of the dead bacteria are associated with the generation of a harmful nerve microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the pathognomonic characteristics mediated by viable and dead M. leprae are essential for elucidating leprosy disease and its associated reactional episodes. Moreover, the impact of the viable and dead bacteria in Schwann cells is largely unknown and their gene signature profiling has, as yet, been poorly explored. In this study, we analyzed the early differences in the expression profile of genes involved in peripheral neuropathy, dedifferentiation and plasticity, neural regeneration, and inflammation in human Schwann cells challenged with viable and dead M. leprae. We substantiated our findings by analyzing this genetic profiling in human nerve biopsies of leprosy and non-leprosy patients, with accompanied histopathological analysis. We observed that viable and dead bacteria distinctly modulate Schwann cell genes, with emphasis to viable bacilli upregulating transcripts related to glial cell plasticity, dedifferentiation and anti-inflammatory profile, while dead bacteria affected genes involved in neuropathy and pro-inflammatory response. In addition, dead bacteria also upregulated genes associated with nerve support, which expression profile was similar to those obtained from leprosy nerve biopsies. These findings suggest that early exposure to viable and dead bacteria may provoke Schwann cells to behave differentially, with far-reaching implications for the ongoing neuropathy seen in leprosy patients, where a mixture of active and non-active bacteria are found in the nerve microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Siqueira Mietto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno Siqueira Mietto
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3
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Li M, Banton MC, Min Q, Parkinson DB, Dun X. Meta-Analysis Reveals Transcription Factor Upregulation in Cells of Injured Mouse Sciatic Nerve. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:688243. [PMID: 34744629 PMCID: PMC8567084 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.688243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, transcription factors upregulated in the distal nerve play essential roles in Schwann cell reprogramming, fibroblast activation and immune cell function to create a permissive distal nerve environment for axonal regrowth. In this report, we first analysed four microarray data sets to identify transcription factors that have at least twofold upregulation in the mouse distal nerve stump at day 3 and day 7 post-injury. Next, we compared their relative mRNA levels through the analysis of an available bulk mRNA sequencing data set at day 5 post-injury. We then investigated the expression of identified TFs in analysed single-cell RNA sequencing data sets for the distal nerve at day 3 and day 9 post-injury. These analyses identified 55 transcription factors that have at least twofold upregulation in the distal nerve following mouse sciatic nerve injury. Expression profile for the identified 55 transcription factors in cells of the distal nerve stump was further analysed on the scRNA-seq data. Transcription factor network and functional analysis were performed in Schwann cells. We also validated the expression pattern of Jun, Junb, Runx1, Runx2, and Sox2 in the mouse distal nerve stump by immunostaining. The findings from our study not only could be used to understand the function of key transcription factors in peripheral nerve regeneration but also could be used to facilitate experimental design for future studies to investigate the function of individual TFs in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Matthew C Banton
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - David B Parkinson
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xinpeng Dun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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4
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Della-Flora Nunes G, Wilson ER, Hurley E, He B, O'Malley BW, Poitelon Y, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. Activation of mTORC1 and c-Jun by Prohibitin1 loss in Schwann cells may link mitochondrial dysfunction to demyelination. eLife 2021; 10:e66278. [PMID: 34519641 PMCID: PMC8478418 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) mitochondria are quickly emerging as an important regulator of myelin maintenance in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the mechanisms underlying demyelination in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction in the PNS are incompletely understood. We recently showed that conditional ablation of the mitochondrial protein Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) in SCs causes a severe and fast progressing demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in mice, but the mechanism that causes failure of myelin maintenance remained unknown. Here, we report that mTORC1 and c-Jun are continuously activated in the absence of Phb1, likely as part of the SC response to mitochondrial damage. Moreover, we demonstrate that these pathways are involved in the demyelination process, and that inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin partially rescues the demyelinating pathology. Therefore, we propose that mTORC1 and c-Jun may play a critical role as executioners of demyelination in the context of perturbations to SC mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Della-Flora Nunes
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Emma R Wilson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Edward Hurley
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - Bin He
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical CollegeAlbanyUnited States
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
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5
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Xu Z, Orkwis JA, Harris GM. Cell Shape and Matrix Stiffness Impact Schwann Cell Plasticity via YAP/TAZ and Rho GTPases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094821. [PMID: 34062912 PMCID: PMC8124465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are a highly plastic cell type capable of undergoing phenotypic changes following injury or disease. SCs are able to upregulate genes associated with nerve regeneration and ultimately achieve functional recovery. During the regeneration process, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell morphology play a cooperative, critical role in regulating SCs, and therefore highly impact nerve regeneration outcomes. However, the roles of the ECM and mechanotransduction relating to SC phenotype are largely unknown. Here, we describe the role that matrix stiffness and cell morphology play in SC phenotype specification via known mechanotransducers YAP/TAZ and RhoA. Using engineered microenvironments to precisely control ECM stiffness, cell shape, and cell spreading, we show that ECM stiffness and SC spreading downregulated SC regenerative associated proteins by the activation of RhoA and YAP/TAZ. Additionally, cell elongation promoted a distinct SC regenerative capacity by the upregulation of Rac1/MKK7/JNK, both necessary for the ECM and morphology changes found during nerve regeneration. These results confirm the role of ECM signaling in peripheral nerve regeneration as well as provide insight to the design of future biomaterials and cellular therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Jacob A. Orkwis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Greg M. Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(513)-556-4167
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6
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Balakrishnan A, Belfiore L, Chu TH, Fleming T, Midha R, Biernaskie J, Schuurmans C. Insights Into the Role and Potential of Schwann Cells for Peripheral Nerve Repair From Studies of Development and Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:608442. [PMID: 33568974 PMCID: PMC7868393 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.608442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries arising from trauma or disease can lead to sensory and motor deficits and neuropathic pain. Despite the purported ability of the peripheral nerve to self-repair, lifelong disability is common. New molecular and cellular insights have begun to reveal why the peripheral nerve has limited repair capacity. The peripheral nerve is primarily comprised of axons and Schwann cells, the supporting glial cells that produce myelin to facilitate the rapid conduction of electrical impulses. Schwann cells are required for successful nerve regeneration; they partially “de-differentiate” in response to injury, re-initiating the expression of developmental genes that support nerve repair. However, Schwann cell dysfunction, which occurs in chronic nerve injury, disease, and aging, limits their capacity to support endogenous repair, worsening patient outcomes. Cell replacement-based therapeutic approaches using exogenous Schwann cells could be curative, but not all Schwann cells have a “repair” phenotype, defined as the ability to promote axonal growth, maintain a proliferative phenotype, and remyelinate axons. Two cell replacement strategies are being championed for peripheral nerve repair: prospective isolation of “repair” Schwann cells for autologous cell transplants, which is hampered by supply challenges, and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells or lineage conversion of accessible somatic cells to induced Schwann cells, with the potential of “unlimited” supply. All approaches require a solid understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding Schwann cell development and the repair phenotype, which we review herein. Together these studies provide essential context for current efforts to design glial cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Balakrishnan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Belfiore
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak-Ho Chu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Taylor Fleming
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Muppirala AN, Limbach LE, Bradford EF, Petersen SC. Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e398. [PMID: 33145925 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate nervous system function requires glial cells, including myelinating glia that insulate axons and provide trophic support that allows for efficient signal propagation by neurons. In vertebrate peripheral nervous systems, neural crest-derived glial cells known as Schwann cells (SCs) generate myelin by encompassing and iteratively wrapping membrane around single axon segments. SC gliogenesis and neurogenesis are intimately linked and governed by a complex molecular environment that shapes their developmental trajectory. Changes in this external milieu drive developing SCs through a series of distinct morphological and transcriptional stages from the neural crest to a variety of glial derivatives, including the myelinating sublineage. Cues originate from the extracellular matrix, adjacent axons, and the developing SC basal lamina to trigger intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression changes that specify stages and transitions in SC development. Here, we integrate the findings from in vitro neuron-glia co-culture experiments with in vivo studies investigating SC development, particularly in zebrafish and mouse, to highlight critical factors that specify SC fate. Ultimately, we connect classic biochemical and mutant studies with modern genetic and visualization tools that have elucidated the dynamics of SC development. This article is categorized under: Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoohya N Muppirala
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah C Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
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8
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Nocera G, Jacob C. Mechanisms of Schwann cell plasticity involved in peripheral nerve repair after injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3977-3989. [PMID: 32277262 PMCID: PMC7532964 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The great plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs), the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is a critical feature in the context of peripheral nerve regeneration following traumatic injuries and peripheral neuropathies. After a nerve damage, SCs are rapidly activated by injury-induced signals and respond by entering the repair program. During the repair program, SCs undergo dynamic cell reprogramming and morphogenic changes aimed at promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. SCs convert into a repair phenotype, activate negative regulators of myelination and demyelinate the damaged nerve. Moreover, they express many genes typical of their immature state as well as numerous de-novo genes. These genes modulate and drive the regeneration process by promoting neuronal survival, damaged axon disintegration, myelin clearance, axonal regrowth and guidance to their former target, and by finally remyelinating the regenerated axon. Many signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators and epigenetic mechanisms regulate these events. In this review, we discuss the main steps of the repair program with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate SC plasticity following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Nocera
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claire Jacob
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
Peripheral nerves contain axons and their enwrapping glia cells named Schwann cells (SCs) that are either myelinating (mySCs) or nonmyelinating (nmSCs). Our understanding of other cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) remains limited. Here, we provide an unbiased single cell transcriptomic characterization of the nondiseased rodent PNS. We identified and independently confirmed markers of previously underappreciated nmSCs and nerve-associated fibroblasts. We also found and characterized two distinct populations of nerve-resident homeostatic myeloid cells that transcriptionally differed from central nervous system microglia. In a model of chronic autoimmune neuritis, homeostatic myeloid cells were outnumbered by infiltrating lymphocytes which modulated the local cell-cell interactome and induced a specific transcriptional response in glia cells. This response was partially shared between the peripheral and central nervous system glia, indicating common immunological features across different parts of the nervous system. Our study thus identifies subtypes and cell-type markers of PNS cells and a partially conserved autoimmunity module induced in glia cells.
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10
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Takahashi S, Sakamaki M, Ferdousi F, Yoshida M, Demura M, Watanabe MM, Isoda H. Ethanol Extract of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei 18W-13a Strain Possesses Anti-inflammatory Effects on Murine Macrophage RAW264 Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1205. [PMID: 30319432 PMCID: PMC6168648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of an ethanolic extract of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei 18W-13a strain (AM18W-13a) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264 murine macrophages were studied. Pre-treatment with the AM18W-13a extract significantly suppressed the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RAW264 cells treated with the AM18W-13a extract for 1 and 24 h were subjected to DNA microarray analyses for detecting the differentially expressed genes. The treatment of RAW264 cells with the AM18W-13a extract for 24 h significantly suppressed the expression of several genes associated with inflammation or chemotaxis. Furthermore, treatment with the AM18W-13a extract for 1 h suppressed the expression of Pde4b, but induced the expression of Egr2 and Egr3 in RAW264 cells. Additionally, the AM18W-13a extract significantly enhanced the expression of certain anti-inflammatory mediators. This study is the first report of the anti-inflammatory effects of the AM18W-13a extract and its mechanism of action in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takahashi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Midori Sakamaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mikihide Demura
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto M Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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11
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Ulanska-Poutanen J, Mieczkowski J, Zhao C, Konarzewska K, Kaza B, Pohl HB, Bugajski L, Kaminska B, Franklin RJ, Zawadzka M. Injury-induced perivascular niche supports alternative differentiation of adult rodent CNS progenitor cells. eLife 2018; 7:30325. [PMID: 30222103 PMCID: PMC6141235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following CNS demyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are able to differentiate into either remyelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) or remyelinating Schwann cells (SCs). However, the signals that determine which type of remyelinating cell is generated and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been identified. Here, we show that distinctive microenvironments created in discrete niches within demyelinated white matter determine fate decisions of adult OPCs. By comparative transcriptome profiling we demonstrate that an ectopic, injury-induced perivascular niche is enriched with secreted ligands of the BMP and Wnt signalling pathways, produced by activated OPCs and endothelium, whereas reactive astrocyte within non-vascular area express the dual BMP/Wnt antagonist Sostdc1. The balance of BMP/Wnt signalling network is instructive for OPCs to undertake fate decision shortly after their activation: disruption of the OPCs homeostasis during demyelination results in BMP4 upregulation, which, in the absence of Socstdc1, favours SCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ulanska-Poutanen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Konarzewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Kaza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hartmut Bf Pohl
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukasz Bugajski
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robin Jm Franklin
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Zawadzka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Noda T, Meas SJ, Nogami J, Amemiya Y, Uchi R, Ohkawa Y, Nishimura K, Dabdoub A. Direct Reprogramming of Spiral Ganglion Non-neuronal Cells into Neurons: Toward Ameliorating Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Gene Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:16. [PMID: 29492404 PMCID: PMC5817057 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary auditory neurons (PANs) play a critical role in hearing by transmitting sound information from the inner ear to the brain. Their progressive degeneration is associated with excessive noise, disease and aging. The loss of PANs leads to permanent hearing impairment since they are incapable of regenerating. Spiral ganglion non-neuronal cells (SGNNCs), comprised mainly of glia, are resident within the modiolus and continue to survive after PAN loss. These attributes make SGNNCs an excellent target for replacing damaged PANs through cellular reprogramming. We used the neurogenic pioneer transcription factor Ascl1 and the auditory neuron differentiation factor NeuroD1 to reprogram SGNNCs into induced neurons (iNs). The overexpression of both Ascl1 and NeuroD1 in vitro generated iNs at high efficiency. Transcriptome analyses revealed that iNs displayed a transcriptome profile resembling that of endogenous PANs, including expression of several key markers of neuronal identity: Tubb3, Map2, Prph, Snap25, and Prox1. Pathway analyses indicated that essential pathways in neuronal growth and maturation were activated in cells upon neuronal induction. Furthermore, iNs extended projections toward cochlear hair cells and cochlear nucleus neurons when cultured with each respective tissue. Taken together, our study demonstrates that PAN-like neurons can be generated from endogenous SGNNCs. This work suggests that gene therapy can be a viable strategy to treat sensorineural hearing loss caused by degeneration of PANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Noda
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Steven J Meas
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jumpei Nogami
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Amemiya
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nishimura
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hearing Communication Medical Center, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Huang G, Sun Z, Wu J, Shui S, Han X, Guo D, Li T. Calreticulin Promotes Proliferation and Migration But Inhibits Apoptosis in Schwann Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4516-4522. [PMID: 27876711 PMCID: PMC5132423 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated that calreticulin (CRT) regulated various biological processes. This study was aimed to investigate the function of CRT in Schwann cells (SCs). Material/Methods SCs were separated from sciatic nerves of mice and were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CRT (pc-CRT), small interfering RNA targets CRT (siCRT), or their corresponding negative controls. The expression of CRT was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Then, cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylhiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, modified 2-chamber migration assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of key kinases in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (ERK/S6) pathways were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Overexpression of CRT remarkably increased viability (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001) and migration (P<0.001), but inhibited apoptosis (P<0.05). The CRT-knockdown showed the inverse impacts on viability (P<0.05 or P<0.001), migration (P<0.001), and apoptosis (P<0.001). Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473), ERK, and S6 were all up-regulated in CRT-overexpressed cells (P<0.001), and were down-regulated in CRT-knockdown cells (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001). Conclusions Overexpression of CRT in SCs promoted cell proliferation and migration but suppressed cell apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT and ERK/S6 pathways might be involved in the functional effects of CRT on SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Huang
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhulei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Shaofeng Shui
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
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14
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Geuna S, Raimondo S, Fregnan F, Haastert-Talini K, Grothe C. In vitromodels for peripheral nerve regeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:287-96. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute; University of Turin; Ospedale San Luigi, Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - S. Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute; University of Turin; Ospedale San Luigi, Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - F. Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute; University of Turin; Ospedale San Luigi, Regione Gonzole 10 10043 Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - K. Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy; Hannover Medical School and Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN); Hannover Germany
| | - C. Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy; Hannover Medical School and Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN); Hannover Germany
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15
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SncRNA715 Inhibits Schwann Cell Myelin Basic Protein Synthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136900. [PMID: 26317513 PMCID: PMC4552632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic proteins (MBP) are major constituents of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS Mbp translation occurs locally at the axon-glial contact site in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. Recently we identified the small non-coding RNA 715 (sncRNA715) as a key inhibitor of Mbp translation during transport in oligodendrocytes. Mbp mRNA localization in Schwann cells has been observed, but has not been investigated in much detail. Here we could confirm translational repression of Mbp mRNA in Schwann cells. We show that sncRNA715 is expressed and its levels correlate inversely with MBP in cultured Schwann cells and in the sciatic nerve in vivo. Furthermore we could reduce MBP protein levels in cultured Schwann cells by increasing the levels of the inhibitory sncRNA715. Our findings suggest similarities in sncRNA715-mediated translational repression of Mbp mRNA in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
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16
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Schmid D, Zeis T, Sobrio M, Schaeren-Wiemers N. MAL overexpression leads to disturbed expression of genes that influence cytoskeletal organization and differentiation of Schwann cells. ASN Neuro 2014; 6:1759091414548916. [PMID: 25290060 PMCID: PMC4187015 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414548916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing peripheral nervous system, a coordinated reciprocal signaling between Schwann cells and axons is crucial for accurate myelination. The myelin and lymphocyte protein MAL is a component of lipid rafts that is important for targeting proteins and lipids to distinct domains. MAL overexpression impedes peripheral myelinogenesis, which is evident by a delayed onset of myelination and reduced expression of the myelin protein zero (Mpz/P0) and the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR). This study shows that MAL overexpression leads to a significant reduction of Mpz and p75(NTR) expression in primary mouse Schwann cell cultures, which was already evident before differentiation, implicating an effect of MAL in early Schwann cell development. Their transcription was robustly reduced, despite normal expression of essential transcription factors and receptors. Further, the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways important for Schwann cell differentiation were correctly induced, highlighting that other so far unknown rate limiting factors do exist. We identified novel genes expressed by Schwann cells in a MAL-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. A number of those, including S100a4, RhoU and Krt23, are implicated in cytoskeletal organization and plasma membrane dynamics. We showed that S100a4 is predominantly expressed by nonmyelinating Schwann cells, whereas RhoU was localized within myelin membranes, and Krt23 was detected in nonmyelinating as well as in myelinating Schwann cells. Their differential expression during early peripheral nerve development further underlines their possible role in influencing Schwann cell differentiation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schmid
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zeis
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monia Sobrio
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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