1
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Zoltowska KM, Das U, Lismont S, Enzlein T, Maesako M, Houser MCQ, Franco ML, Özcan B, Moreira DG, Karachentsev D, Becker A, Hopf C, Vilar M, Berezovska O, Mobley W, Chávez-Gutiérrez L. Alzheimer's disease linked Aβ42 exerts product feedback inhibition on γ-secretase impairing downstream cell signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.02.551596. [PMID: 37577527 PMCID: PMC10418207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides accumulating in the brain are proposed to trigger Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, molecular cascades underlying their toxicity are poorly defined. Here, we explored a novel hypothesis for Aβ42 toxicity that arises from its proven affinity for γ-secretases. We hypothesized that the reported increases in Aβ42, particularly in the endolysosomal compartment, promote the establishment of a product feedback inhibitory mechanism on γ-secretases, and thereby impair downstream signaling events. We show that human Aβ42 peptides, but neither murine Aβ42 nor human Aβ17-42 (p3), inhibit γ-secretases and trigger accumulation of unprocessed substrates in neurons, including C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of APP, p75 and pan-cadherin. Moreover, Aβ42 treatment dysregulated cellular -homeostasis, as shown by the induction of p75-dependent neuronal death in two distinct cellular systems. Our findings raise the possibility that pathological elevations in Aβ42 contribute to cellular toxicity via the γ-secretase inhibition, and provide a novel conceptual framework to address Aβ toxicity in the context of γ-secretase-dependent homeostatic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sam Lismont
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Enzlein
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Masato Maesako
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Mei CQ Houser
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - María Luisa Franco
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Burcu Özcan
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dmitry Karachentsev
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ann Becker
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of València (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Oksana Berezovska
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - William Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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2
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Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Nicotera P, Maione S, Tonin P, Guida F, Scuteri D. Exploitation of Autophagy Inducers in the Management of Dementia: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1264. [PMID: 38279266 PMCID: PMC10816917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The social burden of dementia is remarkable since it affects some 57.4 million people all over the world. Impairment of autophagy in age-related diseases, such as dementia, deserves deep investigation for the detection of novel disease-modifying approaches. Several drugs belonging to different classes were suggested to be effective in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) by means of autophagy induction. Useful autophagy inducers in AD should be endowed with a direct, measurable effect on autophagy, have a safe tolerability profile, and have the capability to cross the blood-brain barrier, at least with poor penetration. According to the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, we propose here a systematic review to appraise the measurable effectiveness of autophagy inducers in the improvement of cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms in clinical trials and retrospective studies. The systematic search retrieved 3067 records, 10 of which met the eligibility criteria. The outcomes most influenced by the treatment were cognition and executive functioning, pointing at a role for metformin, resveratrol, masitinib and TPI-287, with an overall tolerable safety profile. Differences in sample power, intervention, patients enrolled, assessment, and measure of outcomes prevents generalization of results. Moreover, the domain of behavioral symptoms was found to be less investigated, thus prompting new prospective studies with homogeneous design. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023393456.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Application, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Francesca Guida
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Damiana Scuteri
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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3
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Jiang Y, MacNeil LT. Simple model systems reveal conserved mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:82. [PMID: 37950311 PMCID: PMC10638731 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective therapies that slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms underlying these diseases. Model organisms, including yeast, worms, and flies, provide simple systems with which to investigate the mechanisms of disease. The evolutionary conservation of cellular pathways regulating proteostasis and stress response in these organisms facilitates the study of genetic factors that contribute to, or protect against, neurodegeneration. Here, we review genetic modifiers of neurodegeneration and related cellular pathways identified in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on models of AD and related tauopathies. We further address the potential of simple model systems to better understand the fundamental mechanisms that lead to AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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4
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Santarelli S, Londero C, Soldano A, Candelaresi C, Todeschini L, Vernizzi L, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases induced by proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1082047. [PMID: 37274187 PMCID: PMC10232775 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1082047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathies are a large group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by both genetic and sporadic mutations in particular genes which can lead to alterations of the protein structure and to the formation of aggregates, especially toxic for neurons. Autophagy is a key mechanism for clearing those aggregates and its function has been strongly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), hence mutations in both pathways have been associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those induced by protein misfolding and accumulation of aggregates. Many crucial discoveries regarding the molecular and cellular events underlying the role of autophagy in these diseases have come from studies using Drosophila models. Indeed, despite the physiological and morphological differences between the fly and the human brain, most of the biochemical and molecular aspects regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy, are conserved between the two species.In this review, we will provide an overview of the most common neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which include PolyQ diseases (Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, and 3), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (C9orf72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS), Alzheimer's disease (APP, Tau) Parkinson's disease (a-syn, parkin and PINK1, LRRK2) and prion diseases, highlighting the studies using Drosophila that have contributed to understanding the conserved mechanisms and elucidating the role of autophagy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santarelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Londero
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Candelaresi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonardo Todeschini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Vernizzi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Bhatia S, Singh M, Singh T, Singh V. Scrutinizing the Therapeutic Potential of PROTACs in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:13-25. [PMID: 35987974 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Finding an effective cure for Alzheimer's disease has eluded scientists despite intense research. The disease is a cause of suffering for millions of people worldwide and is characterized by dementia accompanied by cognitive and motor deficits, ultimately culminating in the death of the patient. The course of the disease progression has various underlying contributing pathways, with the first and foremost factor being the development and accumulation of aberrant and misfolded proteins exhibiting neurotoxic functions. The impairment of cellular clearance mechanisms adds to their accumulation, resulting in neuronal death. This is where the PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology comes into play, bringing the UPS degradation machinery in the proximity of the target protein for initiating its degradation and clearing abnormal protein debris with unparalleled precision demonstrating an edge over traditional protein inhibitors in many respects. The technology is widely explored in cancer research and utilized in the treatment of various tumors and malignancies, and is now being applied in treating AD. This review explores the application of PROTAC technology in developing lead compounds for managing this deadly disease along with detailing the pieces of evidence justifying its utility and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiveena Bhatia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A &M University Health Science Centre, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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6
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Siddique YH, Rahul, Ara G, Afzal M, Varshney H, Gaur K, Subhan I, Mantasha I, Shahid M. Beneficial effects of apigenin on the transgenic Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110120. [PMID: 36027948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The available drugs improve the symptoms but do not play role in modifying disease effects. Currently, the treatment strategies focus on inhibiting the production of Aβ-42 aggregates and tau filaments. In this context the natural plant products could act as a potent candidate. Therefore, we decided to study the effect of apigenin on the transgenic Drosophila model of AD i.e., expressing Aβ-42 in the neurons. The AD flies were allowed to feed on the diet having 25, 50, 75 and 100μM of apigenin for 30 days. The exposure of AD flies to apigenin showed a dose dependent significant decrease in the oxidative stress and delay in the loss of climbing ability. Apigenin also inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The immunostaining and molecular docking studies suggest that apigenin inhibits the formation of Aβ-42 aggregates. Apigenin is potent in reducing the AD symptoms being mimicked in the transgenic Drosophila model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gulshan Ara
- Women's College, Zoology Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kajal Gaur
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iqra Subhan
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I Mantasha
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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7
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Wei W, Pan Y, Yang X, Chen Z, Heng Y, Yang B, Pu M, Zuo J, Lai Z, Tang Y, Xin W. The Emerging Role of the Interaction of Extracellular Vesicle and Autophagy-Novel Insights into Neurological Disorders. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3395-3407. [PMID: 35706531 PMCID: PMC9191200 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s362865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells release different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, apoptotic bodies and microvesicles. EVs carry proteins, lipids and nucleic acids specific to cells and cell states. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process, which, along with EVs, can significantly affect the development and progression of neurological diseases and, therefore, has been the hotspot. Generally, EVs and autophagy are closely associated. EVs and autophagy can interact with each other. On the one hand, the level of autophagy in target cells is closely related to the secretion and transport of EVs. In another, the application of EVs provides a great opportunity for adjuvant treatment of neurological disorders, for which autophagy is an excellent target. EVs can release their cargos into target cells, which, in turn, regulate the autophagic level of target cells through autophagy-related proteins directly and the non-coding RNA, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) 1-B, etc. signaling pathways indirectly, thus regulating the development of related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Heng
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bufan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Pu
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacai Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuhong Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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8
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Antman-Passig M, Wong E, Frost GR, Cupo C, Shah J, Agustinus A, Chen Z, Mancinelli C, Kamel M, Li T, Jonas LA, Li YM, Heller DA. Optical Nanosensor for Intracellular and Intracranial Detection of Amyloid-Beta. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7269-7283. [PMID: 35420796 PMCID: PMC9710299 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the early detection of Aβ is a persistent challenge. Herein, we engineered a near-infrared optical nanosensor capable of detecting Aβ intracellularly in live cells and intracranially in vivo. The sensor is composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with Aβ wherein Aβ-Aβ interactions drive the response. We found that the Aβ nanosensors selectively responded to Aβ via solvatochromic modulation of the near-infrared emission of the nanotube. The sensor tracked Aβ accumulation in live cells and, upon intracranial administration in a genetic model of AD, signaled distinct responses in aged mice. This technology enables the interrogation of molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ neurotoxicity in the development of AD in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Antman-Passig
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Georgia R Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christian Cupo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Albert Agustinus
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Program of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chiara Mancinelli
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Maikel Kamel
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Thomas Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lauren A Jonas
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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9
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Ondaro J, Hernandez-Eguiazu H, Garciandia-Arcelus M, Loera-Valencia R, Rodriguez-Gómez L, Jiménez-Zúñiga A, Goikolea J, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Ruiz-Martinez J, Moreno F, Lopez de Munain A, Holt IJ, Gil-Bea FJ, Gereñu G. Defects of Nutrient Signaling and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:836196. [PMID: 35419363 PMCID: PMC8996160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.836196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells that allocate huge amounts of energy to the synthesis of new organelles and molecules, neurotransmission and to the maintenance of redox homeostasis. In neurons, autophagy is not only crucial to ensure organelle renewal but it is also essential to balance nutritional needs through the mobilization of internal energy stores. A delicate crosstalk between the pathways that sense nutritional status of the cell and the autophagic processes to recycle organelles and macronutrients is fundamental to guarantee the proper functioning of the neuron in times of energy scarcity. This review provides a detailed overview of the pathways and processes involved in the balance of cellular energy mediated by autophagy, which when defective, precipitate the neurodegenerative cascade of Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ondaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Haizea Hernandez-Eguiazu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maddi Garciandia-Arcelus
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Loera-Valencia
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Gómez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julen Goikolea
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ian James Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka Gereñu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute (IIS Biodonostia), San Sebastian, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
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10
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Tzou FY, Wen JK, Yeh JY, Huang SY, Chen GC, Chan CC. Drosophila as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases and digestive tract. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:339-360. [PMID: 34874101 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cytosolic components and damaged organelles. Disruption of autophagic flux has been shown to induce or facilitate neurodegeneration and accumulation of autophagic vesicles is overt in neurodegenerative diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila has been used as a model system to identify new factors that regulate physiology and disease. Here we provide a historical perspective of how the fly models have offered mechanistic evidence to understand the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, and polyglutamine disorders. Autophagy also plays a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting organism health. The gastrointestinal tract regulates organism health by modulating food intake, energy balance, and immunity. Growing evidence is strengthening the link between autophagy and digestive tract health in recent years. Here, we also discuss how the fly models have advanced the understanding of digestive physiology regulated by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yang Tzou
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kun Wen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Filippone A, Li JG, Praticò D. VPS35 Downregulation Alters Degradation Pathways in Neuronal Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1079-1089. [PMID: 34602481 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is the main component of the retromer recognition core complex system which regulates intracellular cargo protein sorting and trafficking. Downregulation of VPS35 has been linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases via endosome dysregulation. OBJECTIVE Here we show that the genetic manipulation of VPS35 affects intracellular degradation pathways. METHODS A neuronal cell line expressing human APP Swedish mutant was used. VPS35 silencing was performed treating cells with VPS35 siRNA or Ctr siRNA for 72 h. RESULTS Downregulation of VPS35 was associated with alteration of autophagy flux and intracellular accumulation of acidic and ubiquitinated aggregates suggesting that dysfunction of the retromer recognition core leads to a significant alteration in both pathways. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data demonstrate that besides cargo sorting and trafficking, VPS35 by supporting the integral function of the retromer complex system plays an important role also as a critical regulator of intracellular degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Filippone
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Gadhave K, Kumar D, Uversky VN, Giri R. A multitude of signaling pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and their roles in AD pathogenesis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2689-2745. [PMID: 32783388 PMCID: PMC7876169 DOI: 10.1002/med.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology continue to represent a mystery. In the past decades, comprehensive data were generated on the involvement of different signaling pathways in the AD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of signaling pathways as potential targets for the development of drugs against AD is rather limited due to the immense complexity of the brain and intricate molecular links between these pathways. Therefore, finding a correlation and cross-talk between these signaling pathways and establishing different therapeutic targets within and between those pathways are needed for better understanding of the biological events responsible for the AD-related neurodegeneration. For example, autophagy is a conservative cellular process that shows link with many other AD-related pathways and is crucial for maintenance of the correct cellular balance by degrading AD-associated pathogenic proteins. Considering the central role of autophagy in AD and its interplay with many other pathways, the finest therapeutic strategy to fight against AD is the use of autophagy as a target. As an essential step in this direction, this comprehensive review represents recent findings on the individual AD-related signaling pathways, describes key features of these pathways and their cross-talk with autophagy, represents current drug development, and introduces some of the multitarget beneficial approaches and strategies for the therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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13
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Ajoolabady A, Aslkhodapasandhokmabad H, Henninger N, Demillard LJ, Nikanfar M, Nourazarian A, Ren J. Targeting autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:943-953. [PMID: 33752254 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with pathological aggregation of proteins in neurons. Autophagy is a natural self-cannibalization process that can act as a powerful mechanism to remove aged and damaged organelles as well as protein aggregates. It has been shown that promoting autophagy can attenuate or delay neurodegeneration by removing protein aggregates. In this paper, we will review the role of autophagy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Huntington's Disease (HD) and discuss opportunities and challenges of targeting autophagy as a potential therapeutic avenue for treatment of these common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nils Henninger
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Koch SC, Nelson A, Hartenstein V. Structural aspects of the aging invertebrate brain. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:931-947. [PMID: 33409654 PMCID: PMC7965346 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in neuronal function in all animal species investigated so far. Functional changes are accompanied by and may be in part caused by, structurally visible degenerative changes in neurons. In the mammalian brain, normal aging shows abnormalities in dendrites and axons, as well as ultrastructural changes in synapses, rather than global neuron loss. The analysis of the structural features of aging neurons, as well as their causal link to molecular mechanisms on the one hand, and the functional decline on the other hand is crucial in order to understand the aging process in the brain. Invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila and C. elegans offer the opportunity to apply a forward genetic approach to the analysis of aging. In the present review, we aim to summarize findings concerning abnormalities in morphology and ultrastructure in invertebrate brains during normal aging and compare them to what is known for the mammalian brain. It becomes clear that despite of their considerably shorter life span, invertebrates display several age-related changes very similar to the mammalian condition, including the retraction of dendritic and axonal branches at specific locations, changes in synaptic density and increased accumulation of presynaptic protein complexes. We anticipate that continued research efforts in invertebrate systems will significantly contribute to reveal (and possibly manipulate) the molecular/cellular pathways leading to neuronal aging in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Koch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annie Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
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15
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Wang K, Zhang W. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes: At the crossroad between familiar and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Synapse 2021; 75:e22196. [PMID: 33559220 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and is incurable. The widely accepted amyloid hypothesis failed to produce efficient clinical therapies. In contrast, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the disruption of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) is a critical upstream event of AD pathogenesis. Here, we review MAM's role in some AD symptoms such as plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic loss, aberrant lipid synthesis, disturbed calcium homeostasis, and abnormal autophagy. At last, we proposed that MAM plays a central role in familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD (SAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrun Wang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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16
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Xu W, Ocak U, Gao L, Tu S, Lenahan CJ, Zhang J, Shao A. Selective autophagy as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1369-1392. [PMID: 33067655 PMCID: PMC7904548 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neurological diseases primarily include acute injuries, chronic neurodegeneration, and others (e.g., infectious diseases of the central nervous system). Autophagy is a housekeeping process responsible for the bulk degradation of misfolded protein aggregates and damaged organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy, particularly selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, pexophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy, lipophagy, etc., is closely implicated in neurological diseases. These forms of selective autophagy are controlled by a group of important proteins, including PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, p62, optineurin (OPTN), neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1), and nuclear fragile X mental retardation-interacting protein 1 (NUFIP1). This review highlights the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of different types of selective autophagy, and their implications in various forms of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 16310, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Bursa City Hospital, 16110, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Zhang M, Chen W, Zong Y, Shi K, Li J, Zeng F, He Z, Du R. Cognitive-enhancing effects of fibrauretine on Aβ 1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease by compatibilization with ginsenosides. Neuropeptides 2020; 82:102020. [PMID: 31982159 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibrauretine is the main active ingredient in rattan stems of Fibraurea recisa Pierre. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of fibrauretine compatibilized with ginsenosides on Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced in mice with amyloid β-protein (Aβ1-42). The results showed that the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD mice were significantly enhanced after combined treatment with fibrauretine and ginsenosides using the Morris water maze test. The levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) in brain tissue and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in plasma were significantly increased in Aβ1-42-induced AD mice, and these effects were reversed after combined treatment with fibrauretine and ginsenosides. By contrast, a significant increase in the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was observed in the combined treatment group. The results of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis showed that the apoptosis rate, Bax, nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 expression levels were obviously decreased and that the Bcl-2 expression levels were significantly increased in the hippocampi of mice treated with fibrauretine and ginsenosides. The results of this study show that the ameliorative effect of fibrauretine against AD can be significantly enhanced by compatibilization with ginsenosides. The underlying molecular mechanisms of fibrauretine may be related to antioxidation and anti-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology of Sika Deer, 130118 Jilin, China
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18
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Kravenska Y, Nieznanska H, Nieznanski K, Lukyanetz E, Szewczyk A, Koprowski P. The monomers, oligomers, and fibrils of amyloid-β inhibit the activity of mitoBK Ca channels by a membrane-mediated mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183337. [PMID: 32380169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A causative agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a short amphipathic peptide called amyloid beta (Aβ). Aβ monomers undergo structural changes leading to their oligomerization or fibrillization. The monomers as well as all aggregated forms of Aβ, i.e., oligomers, and fibrils, can bind to biological membranes, thereby modulating membrane mechanical properties. It is also known that some isoforms of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channel, including the mitochondrial BKCa (mitoBKCa) channel, respond to mechanical changes in the membrane. Here, using the patch-clamp technique, we investigated the impact of full-length Aβ (Aβ1-42) and its fragment, Aβ25-35, on the activity of mitoBKCa channels. We found that all forms of Aβ inhibited the activity of the mitoBKCa channel in a concentration-dependent manner. Since monomers, oligomers, and fibrils of Aβ exhibit different molecular characteristics and structures, we hypothesized that the inhibition was not due to direct peptide-protein interactions but rather to membrane-binding of the Aβ peptides. Our findings supported this hypothesis by showing that Aβ peptides block mitoBKCa channels irrespective of the side of the membrane to which they are applied. In addition, we found that the enantiomeric peptide, D-Aβ1-42, demonstrated similar inhibitory activity towards mitoBKCa channels. As a result, we proposed a general model in which all Aβ forms i.e., monomers, oligomers, and amyloid fibrils, contribute to the progression of AD by exerting a modulatory effect on mechanosensitive membrane components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Kravenska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura str. 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland; Department of Biophysics of Ion Channels, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NASU, Bogomoletz str. 4, Kyiv 01-024, Ukraine.
| | - Hanna Nieznanska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura str. 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nieznanski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura str. 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Elena Lukyanetz
- Department of Biophysics of Ion Channels, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NASU, Bogomoletz str. 4, Kyiv 01-024, Ukraine
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura str. 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Pasteura str. 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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19
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Drosophila as a model to understand autophagy deregulation in human disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020. [PMID: 32620249 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has important functions in normal physiology to maintain homeostasis and protect against cellular stresses by the removal of harmful cargos such as dysfunctional organelles, protein aggregates and invading pathogens. The deregulation of autophagy is a hallmark of many diseases and therapeutic targeting of autophagy is highly topical. With the complex role of autophagy in disease it is essential to understand the genetic and molecular basis of the contribution of autophagy to pathogenesis. The model organism, Drosophila, provides a genetically amenable system to dissect out the contribution of autophagy to human disease models. Here we review the roles of autophagy in human disease and how autophagy studies in Drosophila have contributed to the understanding of pathophysiology.
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20
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Kuang H, Tan C, Tian H, Liu L, Yang M, Hong F, Yang S. Exploring the bi-directional relationship between autophagy and Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:155-166. [PMID: 31503421 PMCID: PMC6978262 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and Tau phosphorylation, in which its pathogenesis has not been cleared so far. The metabolism of Aβ and Tau is critically affected by the autophagy. Abnormal autophagy is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, regulating autophagy may become a new strategy for AD treatment. In the early stage of AD, the presence of Aβ and Tau can induce autophagy to promote their clearance by means of mTOR-dependent and independent manners. As AD progress, the autophagy goes aberrant. As a result, Aβ and Tau generate continually, which aggravates both autophagy dysfunction and AD. Besides, several related genes and proteins of AD can also adapt autophagy to make an effect on the AD development. There seems to be a bi-directional relationship between AD pathology and autophagy. At present, this article reviews this relationship from these aspects: (a) the signaling pathways of regulating autophagy; (b) the relationships between the autophagy and the processing of Aβ; (c) Aβ and Tau cause autophagy dysfunction; (d) normal autophagy promotes the clearance of Aβ and Tau; (e) the relationships between the autophagy and both genes and proteins related to AD: TFEB, miRNAs, Beclin-1, Presenilin, and Nrf2; and (f) the small molecules regulating autophagy on AD therapy. All of the above may help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of AD and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Cheng‐Yong Tan
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Hui‐Zhen Tian
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Li‐Hua Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Mei‐Wen Yang
- Department of NurseNanchang University HospitalNanchangChina
| | - Fen‐Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching CenterNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Shu‐Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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21
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Bergkvist L, Du Z, Elovsson G, Appelqvist H, Itzhaki LS, Kumita JR, Kågedal K, Brorsson AC. Mapping pathogenic processes contributing to neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:338-350. [PMID: 31823504 PMCID: PMC7050262 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people and currently lacking available disease‐modifying treatments. Appropriate disease models are necessary to investigate disease mechanisms and potential treatments. Drosophila melanogaster models of AD include the Aβ fly model and the AβPP‐BACE1 fly model. In the Aβ fly model, the Aβ peptide is fused to a secretion sequence and directly overexpressed. In the AβPP‐BACE1 model, human AβPP and human BACE1 are expressed in the fly, resulting in in vivo production of Aβ peptides and other AβPP cleavage products. Although these two models have been used for almost two decades, the underlying mechanisms resulting in neurodegeneration are not yet clearly understood. In this study, we have characterized toxic mechanisms in these two AD fly models. We detected neuronal cell death and increased protein carbonylation (indicative of oxidative stress) in both AD fly models. In the Aβ fly model, this correlates with high Aβ1–42 levels and down‐regulation of the levels of mRNA encoding lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1, lamp1 (a lysosomal marker), while in the AβPP‐BACE1 fly model, neuronal cell death correlates with low Aβ1–42 levels, up‐regulation of lamp1 mRNA levels and increased levels of C‐terminal fragments. In addition, a significant amount of AβPP/Aβ antibody (4G8)‐positive species, located close to the endosomal marker rab5, was detected in the AβPP‐BACE1 model. Taken together, this study highlights the similarities and differences in the toxic mechanisms which result in neuronal death in two different AD fly models. Such information is important to consider when utilizing these models to study AD pathogenesis or screening for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bergkvist
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Zhen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Greta Elovsson
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Hanna Appelqvist
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | | | - Janet R Kumita
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarina Kågedal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Brorsson
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
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22
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β-Amyloid Peptide: the Cell Compartment Multi-faceted Interaction in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:250-263. [PMID: 31811589 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia, characterized by memory loss and reduction of cognitive functions that strongly interfere with normal daily life. Numerous evidences show that aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide, formed by 39 to 42 amino acid residues (Aβ39-43), from soluble small oligomers to large fibrils are characteristic markers of this pathology. However, AD is a complex disease and its neurodegenerative molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. Growing evidence suggests a link between Aβ polymorphic nature, oligomers and fibrils, and specific mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The Aβ variable nature and its multiplicity of interactions with different proteins and organelles reflect the complexity of this pathology. In this review, we analyze the effects of the interaction between Aβ peptide and different cellular compartments in relation to the different kinds and sizes of amyloid aggregates. In particular, Aβ interaction with different cell structures such as the plasma membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum is discussed. Further, we analyze the Aβ peptide ability to modify the structure and function of the target organelle, inducing alteration of its physiological role thus contributing to the pathological event. Dysfunction of cellular components terminating with the activation of the cellular death mechanism and subsequent neurodegeneration is also taken into consideration.
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Ubina T, Magallanes M, Srivastava S, Warden CD, Yee JK, Salvaterra PM. A Human Embryonic Stem Cell Model of Aβ-Dependent Chronic Progressive Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1007. [PMID: 31616241 PMCID: PMC6763609 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the construction and phenotypic analysis of a human embryonic stem cell model of progressive Aβ-dependent neurodegeneration (ND) with potential relevance to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We modified one allele of the normal APP locus to directly express a secretory form of Aβ40 or Aβ42, enabling expression from this edited allele to bypass the normal amyloidogenic APP processing pathway. Following neuronal differentiation, edited cell lines specifically accumulate intracellular aggregated/oligomeric Aβ, exhibit a synaptic deficit, and have an abnormal accumulation of endolysosomal vesicles. Edited cultures progress to a stage of overt ND. All phenotypes appear at earlier culture times for Aβ42 relative to Aβ40. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis identified 23 up and 70 down regulated genes (differentially expressed genes) with similar directional fold change but larger absolute values in the Aβ42 samples suggesting common underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Pathway/annotation analysis suggested that down regulation of extracellular matrix and cilia functions is significantly overrepresented. This cellular model could be useful for uncovering mechanisms directly linking Aβ to neuronal death and as a tool to screen for new therapeutic agents that slow or prevent human ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ubina
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Martha Magallanes
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Charles D Warden
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jiing-Kuan Yee
- Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul M Salvaterra
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Zeng Q, Siu W, Li L, Jin Y, Liang S, Cao M, Ma M, Wu Z. Autophagy in Alzheimer's disease and promising modulatory effects of herbal medicine. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:100-110. [PMID: 30710681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and unremitting neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It affects the quality of life of victims severely. The prevalence of AD has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, it is of great importance to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD and find out effective therapeutic approaches. Autophagy, a primary intracellular way of degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, has been discovered to be involved in the pathological changes of AD. In the last few years, much progress has been made in finding autophagy regulators from natural products, providing new insights to develop treatment strategy for AD by targeting autophagy. In the present review, we provided an overview of the recent research progress regarding the function role of autophagy in AD, the regulation mechanisms of autophagy-lysosomal pathway as well as therapeutic potential of herbal medicine on AD by targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wingsum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Limin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shaoyu Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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Yao XC, Xue X, Zhang HT, Zhu MM, Yang XW, Wu CF, Yang JY. Pseudoginsenoside‐F11 alleviates oligomeric β‐amyloid‐induced endosome‐lysosome defects in microglia. Traffic 2018; 20:61-70. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue C. Yao
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of PharmacyNankai University Tianjin PR China
| | - Hao T. Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Ming M. Zhu
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Xiao W. Yang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Chun F. Wu
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
| | - Jing Y. Yang
- Department of PharmacologyShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang PR China
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O'Keefe L, Denton D. Using Drosophila Models of Amyloid Toxicity to Study Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5195416. [PMID: 29888266 PMCID: PMC5985114 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5195416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway that involves the engulfment of cytoplasmic components such as large protein aggregates and organelles that are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. This process is important in maintaining neuronal function and raises the possibility of a role for autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of these diseases and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain which arise due to the misfolding and aggregation of toxic peptides, including amyloid beta (Aβ). There is substantial evidence from both AD patients and animal models that autophagy is dysregulated in this disease. However, it remains to be determined whether this is protective or pathogenic as there is evidence that autophagy can act to promote the degradation as well as function in the generation of toxic Aβ peptides. Understanding the molecular details of the extensive crosstalk that occurs between the autophagic and endolysosomal cellular pathways is essential for identifying the molecular details of amyloid toxicity. Drosophila models that express the toxic proteins that aggregate in AD have been generated and have been shown to recapitulate hallmarks of the disease. Here we focus on what is known about the role of autophagy in amyloid toxicity in AD from mammalian models and how Drosophila models can be used to further investigate AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise O'Keefe
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 11060, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Ntsapi C, Lumkwana D, Swart C, du Toit A, Loos B. New Insights Into Autophagy Dysfunction Related to Amyloid Beta Toxicity and Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 336:321-361. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nixon RA. Amyloid precursor protein and endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: inseparable partners in a multifactorial disease. FASEB J 2017; 31:2729-2743. [PMID: 28663518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the endosomal-lysosomal network (ELN) are a signature feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These include the earliest known cytopathology that is specific to AD and that affects endosomes and induces the progressive failure of lysosomes, each of which are directly linked by distinct mechanisms to neurodegeneration. The origins of ELN dysfunction and β-amyloidogenesis closely overlap, which reflects their common genetic basis, the established early involvement of endosomes and lysosomes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and clearance, and the pathologic effect of certain APP metabolites on ELN functions. Genes that promote β-amyloidogenesis in AD (APP, PSEN1/2, and APOE4) have primary effects on ELN function. The importance of primary ELN dysfunction to pathogenesis is underscored by the mutations in more than 35 ELN-related genes that, thus far, are known to cause familial neurodegenerative diseases even though different pathogenic proteins may be involved. In this article, I discuss growing evidence that implicates AD gene-driven ELN disruptions as not only the antecedent pathobiology that underlies β-amyloidogenesis but also as the essential partner with APP and its metabolites that drive the development of AD, including tauopathy, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The striking amelioration of diverse deficits in animal AD models by remediating ELN dysfunction further supports a need to integrate APP and ELN relationships, including the role of amyloid-β, into a broader conceptual framework of how AD arises, progresses, and may be effectively therapeutically targeted.-Nixon, R. A. Amyloid precursor protein and endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: inseparable partners in a multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Kaur G, Pawlik M, Gandy SE, Ehrlich ME, Smiley JF, Levy E. Lysosomal dysfunction in the brain of a mouse model with intraneuronal accumulation of carboxyl terminal fragments of the amyloid precursor protein. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:981-989. [PMID: 27777419 PMCID: PMC5405008 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that intraneuronal accumulation of metabolites of the amyloid-β-precursor protein (APP) is neurotoxic. We observed that transgenic mice overexpressing in neurons a human APP gene harboring the APPE693Q (Dutch) mutation have intraneuronal lysosomal accumulation of APP carboxylterminal fragments (APP-CTFs) and oligomeric amyloid β (oAβ) but no histological evidence of amyloid deposition. Morphometric quantification using the lysosomal marker protein 2 (LAMP-2) immunolabeling showed higher neuronal lysosomal counts in brain of 12-months-old APPE693Q as compared with age-matched non-transgenic littermates, and western blots showed increased lysosomal proteins including LAMP-2, cathepsin D and LC3. At 24 months of age, these mice also exhibited an accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain, along with increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, an autophagosomal/autolysosomal marker. In addition to lysosomal changes at 12 months of age, these mice developed cholinergic neuronal loss in the basal forebrain, GABAergic neuronal loss in the cortex, hippocampus and basal forebrain and gliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest a role for the intraneuronal accumulation of oAβ and APP-CTFs and resultant lysosomal pathology at early stages of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sam E. Gandy
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, and James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F. Smiley
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Intraneuronal aggregation of the β-CTF fragment of APP (C99) induces Aβ-independent lysosomal-autophagic pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:257-276. [PMID: 27138984 PMCID: PMC4947121 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal (EAL) dysfunction is an early and prominent neuropathological feature of Alzheimers’s disease, yet the exact molecular mechanisms contributing to this pathology remain undefined. By combined biochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural approaches, we demonstrate a link between EAL pathology and the intraneuronal accumulation of the β-secretase-derived βAPP fragment (C99) in two in vivo models, 3xTgAD mice and adeno-associated viral-mediated C99-infected mice. We present a pathological loop in which the accumulation of C99 is both the effect and causality of impaired lysosomal-autophagic function. The deleterious effect of C99 was found to be linked to its aggregation within EAL-vesicle membranes leading to disrupted lysosomal proteolysis and autophagic impairment. This effect was Aβ independent and was even exacerbated when γ-secretase was pharmacologically inhibited. No effect was observed in inhibitor-treated wild-type animals suggesting that lysosomal dysfunction was indeed directly linked to C99 accumulation. In some brain areas, strong C99 expression also led to inflammatory responses and synaptic dysfunction. Taken together, this work demonstrates a toxic effect of C99 which could underlie some of the early-stage anatomical hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Our work also proposes molecular mechanisms likely explaining some of the unfavorable side-effects associated with γ-secretase inhibitor-directed therapies.
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31
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Li Q, Liu Y, Sun M. Autophagy and Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:377-388. [PMID: 27260250 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential degradation pathway in clearing abnormal protein aggregates in mammalian cells and is responsible for protein homeostasis and neuronal health. Several studies have shown that autophagy deficits occurred in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagy plays an important role in generation and metabolism of β-amyloid (Aβ), assembling of tau and thus its malfunction may lead to the progress of AD. By considering the above evidences, autophagy may be a new target in developing drugs for AD. So far, a number of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent and independent autophagy modulators have been identified to have positive effects in AD treatment. In this review, we summarized the latest progress supporting the role for autophagy deficits in AD and the potential therapeutic effects of autophagy modulators in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Zhang YD, Zhao JJ. TFEB Participates in the Aβ-Induced Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:661-8. [PMID: 26368054 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) participates in amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42))-induced pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its underlying mechanisms. Three-month-old and 8-month-old transgenic APP/PS1 AD mice and age-matched wild mice were used in this study. We found that the 8-month-old AD animals presented significantly higher deposition of Aβ(1-42) and expression of TFEB and its targeted proteins, such as LAMP-1 and cathepsin D, and autophagy-associated LC3-II and p62 in brain tissues than in others. In an in vitro study, TFEB overexpression rescued autophagic flux that blocked by Aβ(1-42) and the degradation of the absorbed Aβ(1-42), relieved Aβ(1-42)-mediated induction of overloaded autophagy. In addition, TFEB overexpression enhanced cathepsin D expression and activity, restored Aβ(1-42)-disturbed acid environment of lysosome, and promoted the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Furthermore, TFEB upregulation reduced Aβ(1-42)-induced production of malondialdehyde, oxidative carbonyl proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis mainly dependent on the removal of Aβ(1-42) by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. TFEB overexpression alleviated AD progression by reducing Aβ accumulation through regulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway and reducing Aβ-induced ROS production and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-dan Zhang
- Encephalopathy Therapy Area, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine , Changchun Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-jun Zhao
- Encephalopathy Therapy Area, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine , Changchun Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Stefani M, Rigacci S. Beneficial properties of natural phenols: highlight on protection against pathological conditions associated with amyloid aggregation. Biofactors 2014; 40:482-93. [PMID: 24890399 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean and Asian diets are currently considered as the most healthy traditional feeding habits effective against risk of age-associated, particularly cardiovascular and neurodegenerative, diseases. A common feature of these two regimens is the abundance of foods and beverages of plant origin (green tea, extra virgin olive oil, red wine, spices, berries, and aromatic herbs) that are considered responsible for the observed beneficial effects. Epidemiological data suggest that the phenolic component remarkably enriched in these foods plays an important role in reducing the incidence of amyloid diseases, pathological conditions associated to tissue deposition of toxic protein aggregates responsible for progressive functional deterioration. Great effort is being spent to provide knowledge on the effects of several natural phenols in this context, moving from the test tube to animal models and, more slowly, to the patient's bed. An emerging feature that makes these molecules increasingly attractive for amyloid disease prevention and therapy is their wide spectrum of activity: recent pieces of evidence suggest that they can inhibit the production of amyloidogenic peptides from precursors, increase antioxidant enzyme activity, activate autophagy and reduce inflammation. Our concept should than shift from considering natural phenols simply as antioxidants or, at the best, as amyloid aggregation inhibitors, to describing them as potentially multitargeting drugs. A main concern is the low bioavailability of such compounds and efforts aimed at improving it are underway, with encapsulation strategies being the most promising ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio,", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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