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Niro F, Fernandes S, Cassani M, Apostolico M, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Pereira-Sousa D, Pagliari S, Vinarsky V, Zdráhal Z, Potesil D, Pustka V, Pompilio G, Sommariva E, Rovina D, Maione AS, Bersanini L, Becker M, Rasponi M, Forte G. Fibrotic extracellular matrix impacts cardiomyocyte phenotype and function in an iPSC-derived isogenic model of cardiac fibrosis. Transl Res 2024; 273:58-77. [PMID: 39025226 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs following insults to the myocardium and is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of non-compliant extracellular matrix (ECM), which compromises cardiomyocyte contractile activity and eventually leads to heart failure. This phenomenon is driven by the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (cFbs) to myofibroblasts and results in changes in ECM biochemical, structural and mechanical properties. The lack of predictive in vitro models of heart fibrosis has so far hampered the search for innovative treatments, as most of the cellular-based in vitro reductionist models do not take into account the leading role of ECM cues in driving the progression of the pathology. Here, we devised a single-step decellularization protocol to obtain and thoroughly characterize the biochemical and micro-mechanical properties of the ECM secreted by activated cFbs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We activated iPSC-derived cFbs to the myofibroblast phenotype by tuning basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signalling and confirmed that activated cells acquired key features of myofibroblast phenotype, like SMAD2/3 nuclear shuttling, the formation of aligned alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-rich stress fibres and increased focal adhesions (FAs) assembly. Next, we used Mass Spectrometry, nanoindentation, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to unveil the characteristic composition and the visco-elastic properties of the abundant, collagen-rich ECM deposited by cardiac myofibroblasts in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that the fibrotic ECM activates mechanosensitive pathways in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, impacting on their shape, sarcomere assembly, phenotype, and calcium handling properties. We thus propose human bio-inspired decellularized matrices as animal-free, isogenic cardiomyocyte culture substrates recapitulating key pathophysiological changes occurring at the cellular level during cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Niro
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Monica Apostolico
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pereira-Sousa
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Pustka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rovina
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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Komsa-Penkova R, Dimitrov B, Todinova S, Ivanova V, Stoycheva S, Temnishki P, Georgieva G, Tonchev P, Iliev M, Altankov G. Early Stages of Ex Vivo Collagen Glycation Disrupt the Cellular Interaction and Its Remodeling by Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Morphological and Biochemical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5795. [PMID: 38891981 PMCID: PMC11172055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), pivotal for tissue repair, utilize collagen to restore structural integrity in damaged tissue, preserving its organization through concomitant remodeling. The non-enzymatic glycation of collagen potentially compromises MSC communication, particularly upon advancing the process, underlying various pathologies such as late-stage diabetic complications and aging. However, an understanding of the impact of early-stage collagen glycation on MSC interaction is lacking. This study examines the fate of in vitro glycated rat tail collagen (RTC) upon exposure to glucose for 1 or 5 days in contact with MSCs. Utilizing human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADMSCs), we demonstrate their significantly altered interaction with glycated collagen, characterized morphologically by reduced cell spreading, diminished focal adhesions formation, and attenuated development of the actin cytoskeleton. The morphological findings were confirmed by ImageJ 1.54g morphometric analysis with the most significant drop in the cell spreading area (CSA), from 246.8 μm2 for the native collagen to 216.8 μm2 and 163.7 μm2 for glycated ones, for 1 day and 5 days, respectively, and a similar trend was observed for cell perimeter 112.9 μm vs. 95.1 μm and 86.2 μm, respectively. These data suggest impaired recognition of early glycated collagen by integrin receptors. Moreover, they coincide with the reduced fibril-like reorganization of adsorbed FITC-collagen (indicating impaired remodeling) and a presumed decreased sensitivity to proteases. Indeed, confirmatory assays reveal diminished FITC-collagen degradation for glycated samples at 1 day and 5 days by attached cells (22.8 and 30.4%) and reduced proteolysis upon exogenous collagenase addition (24.5 and 40.4%) in a cell-free system, respectively. The mechanisms behind these effects remain uncertain, although differential scanning calorimetry confirms subtle structural/thermodynamic changes in glycated collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borislav Dimitrov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | | | - Peter Temnishki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Georgieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Pencho Tonchev
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Iliev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - George Altankov
- Research Institute, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
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Altundag Ö, Öteyaka MÖ, Çelebi-Saltik B. Co- and Triaxial Electrospinning for Stem Cell-based Bone Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:865-878. [PMID: 37594104 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230818094216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue is composed of organic minerals and cells. It has the capacity to heal for certain minor damages, but when the bone defects surpass the critical threshold, they need fixing. Bone regeneration through natural and synthetic biodegradable materials requires various steps, such as manufacturing methods and materials selection. A successful biodegradable bone graft should have a high surface area/ volume ratio, strength, and a biocompatible, porous structure capable of promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Considering these requirements, the electrospinning technique is promising for creating functional nano-sized scaffolds. The multi-axial methods, such as coaxial and triaxial electrospinning, are the most popular techniques to produce double or tri-layered scaffolds, respectively. Recently, stem cell culture on scaffolds and the application of osteogenic differentiation protocols on these scaffolds have opened new possibilities in the field of biomaterials research. This review discusses an overview of the progress in coaxial and triaxial technology through biodegradable composite bone materials. The review also carefully elaborates the osteogenic differentiation using stem cells and their performance with nano-sized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Altundag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özgür Öteyaka
- Department of Electronic and Automation, Mechatronic Program, Eskisehir Vocational School, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Li N, Yan X, Cui X, Zhao C, Lin Z, Miao J. Inhibition of annexin A7 suppresses senescence-associated heterochromatin foci formation and senescence through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1603-1614. [PMID: 37682859 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) is often used as a biological marker for senescent cells, but the regulation of its formation process is unclear. To find a new modulator of SAHF, we screened our chemical small molecules and found 7-amino-2,3,4,5-tetrahedrobenzo[b][1,4] oxazepin-3-ol (ABO) that was identified as an inhibitor of annexin A7 GTPase (ANXA7) dramatically suppressed the aggregation of heterochromatin protein (HP1γ), an indicator of SAHF. To understand its action mechanism, we first observed the changes in the karyoplasmic ratio of ANXA7 because HP1γ mainly located in the nucleus. The results showed that ABO elevated the protein level of ANXA7 in the nucleus. Therefore, we raised a hypothesis that ANXA7 interacted with HP1γ and regulated its phosphorylation, which is closely related to the formation of SAHF. The co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiment results showed that ANXA7 had no direct interaction with HP1γ, however, the phosphorylation of HP1γ was increased by ABO, which suggested that ANXA7 indirectly regulated HP1γ phosphorylation. Then, based on our previous discovery of ANXA7 interacting with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we investigated the effect of the AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway on ABO-increased phosphorylation of HP1γ. We found that ABO decreased AMPK phosphorylation and increased the phosphorylation level and activity of mTOR. In the presence of an AMPK activator or mTOR inhibitor, ABO could not increase HP1γ phosphorylation. As a result, ABO inhibited the senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In this study, we found that ANXA7 was a new regulator of SAHF, it could regulate the formation of SAHF through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. The data suggested that ABO could be used as a powerful tool to inhibit the replicative senescence of HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Congyao Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaomin Lin
- Institute of Medical Science, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Zhai ZH, Li J, You Z, Cai Y, Yang J, An J, Zhao DP, Wang HJ, Dou MM, Du R, Qin J. Feline umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, identification, and antioxidative stress role through NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1203012. [PMID: 37303730 PMCID: PMC10249476 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1203012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the differentiation potential and antioxidant activity of feline umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have not been clearly studied. In this study, feline UC-MSCs were isolated by tissue adhesion method, identified by flow cytometry detection of cell surface markers (CD44, CD90, CD34, and CD45), and induced differentiation toward osteogenesis and adipogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, the oxidative stress model was established with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 μM, 300 μM, 500 μM, 700 μM, and 900 μM). The antioxidant properties of feline UC-MSCs and feline fibroblasts were compared by morphological observation, ROS detection, cell viability via CCK-8 assay, as well as oxidative and antioxidative parameters via ELISA. The mRNA expression of genes related to NF-κB pathway was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the levels of NF-κB signaling cascade-related proteins were determined via Western Blot. The results showed that feline UC-MSCs highly expressed CD44 and CD90, while negative for CD34 and CD45 expression. Feline UC-MSCs cultured under osteogenic and adipogenic conditions showed good differentiation capacity. After being exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 for eight hours, feline UC-MSCs exhibited the significantly higher survival rate than feline fibroblasts. A certain concentration of H2O2 could up-regulate the activities of SOD2 and GSH-Px in feline UC-MSCs. The expression levels of p50, MnSOD, and FHC mRNA in feline UC-MSCs stimulated by 300 μM and 500 μM H2O2 significantly increased compared with the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that 500 μM H2O2 significantly enhanced the protein levels of p-IκB, IκB, p-p50, p50, MnSOD, and FHC, which could be reversed by BAY 11-7,082, a NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor. In conclusion, it was confirmed that feline UC-MSCs, with good osteogenesis and adipogenesis abilities, had better antioxidant property which might be related to NF-κB signaling pathway. This study lays a foundation for the further application of feline UC-MSCs in treating the various inflammatory and oxidative injury diseases of pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Hui Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhao You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Di-Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - He-Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Min-Min Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Center of Experiment Teaching, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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Mélou C, Pellen-Mussi P, Novello S, Brézulier D, Novella A, Tricot S, Bellaud P, Chauvel-Lebret D. Spheroid Culture System, a Promising Method for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051314. [PMID: 37238984 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a three-dimensional culture model to evaluate, in a short period of time, cartilage tissue engineering protocols. The spheroids were compared with the gold standard pellet culture. The dental mesenchymal stem cell lines were from pulp and periodontal ligament. The evaluation used RT-qPCR and Alcian Blue staining of the cartilage matrix. This study showed that the spheroid model allowed for obtaining greater fluctuations of the chondrogenesis markers than for the pellet one. The two cell lines, although originating from the same organ, led to different biological responses. Finally, biological changes were detectable for short periods of time. In summary, this work demonstrated that the spheroid model is a valuable tool for studying chondrogenesis and the mechanisms of osteoarthritis, and evaluating cartilage tissue engineering protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mélou
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- UFR Odontologie, University of Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Solen Novello
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- UFR Odontologie, University of Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Damien Brézulier
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Novella
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Tricot
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Bellaud
- CNRS, Inserm UMS Biosit, France BioImaging, Core Facility H2P2, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Chauvel-Lebret
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
- Pôle d'Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France
- UFR Odontologie, University of Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
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Parisi L, Rihs S, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Katsaros C, Degen M. Discovery and characterization of heterogeneous and multipotent fibroblast populations isolated from excised cleft lip tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:469. [PMID: 36076255 PMCID: PMC9461253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regularly discarded lip tissue obtained from corrective surgeries to close the cleft lip represents an easily accessible and rich source for the isolation of primary fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts have been described to show compelling similarities to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hence, cleft lip and palate (CLP) lip-derived fibroblasts could be thought as an intriguing cell source for personalized regenerative therapies in CLP-affected patients. Methods Initially, we thoroughly characterized the fibroblastic nature of the lip-derived mesenchymal outgrowths by molecular and functional assays. Next, we compared their phenotype and genotype to that of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and of human lung-derived fibroblasts WI38, by assessing their morphology, surface marker expression, trilineage differentiation potential, colony-forming (CFU) capacity, and immunomodulation property. Finally, to better decipher the heterogeneity of our CLP cultures, we performed a single cell clonal analysis and tested expanded clones for surface marker expression, as well as osteogenic and CFU potential. Results We identified intriguingly similar phenotypic and genotypic properties between CLP lip fibroblasts and BM-MSCs, which makes them distinct from WI38. Furthermore, our own data in combination with the complex anatomy of the lip tissue indicated heterogeneity in our CLP cultures. Using a clonal analysis, we discovered single cell-derived clones with increased levels of the MSC markers CD106 and CD146 and clones with variabilities in their commitment to differentiate into bone-forming cells and in their potential to form single cell-derived colonies. However, we were not able to gain clones possessing superior MSC-like capacities when compared to the heterogeneous parental CLP population. Additionally, all clones could still generate contractile forces and retained robust levels of the fibroblast specific marker FSP1, which was not detectable in BM-MSCs. Conclusions Our results suggest that we isolate heterogeneous populations of fibroblasts from discarded CLP lip tissue, which show a prominently multipotent character in their entirety avoiding the need for elaborate subpopulation selections in vitro. These findings suggest that CLP lip fibroblasts might be a novel potential cell source for personalized regenerative medicine of clinical benefit for CLP patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03154-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Rihs
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Osteogenic transdifferentiation of primary human fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells with human platelet lysate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14686. [PMID: 36038602 PMCID: PMC9424276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone disorders account for about 10% of documented Mendelian disorders and are associated with high financial burden. Their study requires osteoblasts which play a critical role in regulating the development and maintenance of bone tissue. However, bone tissue is not always available from patients. We developed a highly efficient platelet lysate-based approach to directly transdifferentiate skin-derived human fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells. We extensively characterized our in vitro model by examining the expression of osteoblast-specific markers during the transdifferentiation process both at the mRNA and protein level. The transdifferentiated osteoblast-like cells showed significantly increased expression of a panel of osteogenic markers. Mineral deposition and ALP activity were also shown, confirming their osteogenic properties. RNA-seq analysis allowed the global study of changes in the transcriptome of the transdifferentiated cells. The transdifferentiated cells clustered separately from the primary fibroblasts with regard to the significantly upregulated genes indicating a distinct transcriptome profile; transdifferentiated osteoblasts also showed significant enrichment in gene expression related to skeletal development and bone mineralization. Our presented in vitro model may potentially contribute to the prospect of studying osteoblast-dependent disorders in patient-derived cells.
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Arora S, Cooper PR, Friedlander LT, Seo B, Rizwan SB, Rich AM, Hussaini HM. Potentiality and Inflammatory Marker Expression Are Maintained in Dental Pulp Cell Cultures from Carious Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9425. [PMID: 36012689 PMCID: PMC9409171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This investigation aimed to isolate and culture human dental pulp cells from carious teeth (cHDPCs) and compare their growth characteristics, colony-forming efficiency, mineralization potential and gene expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, 1L-17R, IL-23A, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK1), dentin matrix protein (DMP)-1, dentin sialophospho protein (DSPP), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKi67) with cells isolated from healthy or non-carious teeth (ncHDPCs). METHODS Pulp tissues were obtained from both healthy and carious teeth (n = 5, each) to generate primary cell lines using the explant culture technique. Cell cultures studies were undertaken by generating growth curves, a colony forming unit and a mineralization assay analysis. The expression of vimentin was assessed using immunocytochemistry (ICC), and the gene expression of above-mentioned genes was determined using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS ncHDPCs and cHDPCs were successfully isolated and cultured from healthy and inflamed human dental pulp tissue. At passage 4, both HDPC types demonstrated a typical spindle morphology with positive vimentin expression. No statistical difference was observed between ncHDPCs and cHDPCs in their growth characteristics or ability to differentiate into a mineralizing phenotype. ncHDPCs showed a statistically significant higher colony forming efficiency than cHDPCs. The gene expression levels of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-9, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17R, IL-23A, NF-κB, MAPK1, DMP1, DSPP and SOX2 were significantly higher in cHDPCs compared with ncHDPC cultures. CONCLUSION cHDPCs retain their differentiation potential and inflammatory phenotype in vitro. The inflamed tooth pulp contains viable stem/progenitor cell populations which have the potential for expansion, proliferation and differentiation into a mineralizing lineage, similar to cells obtained from healthy pulp tissue. These findings have positive implications for regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Arora
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lara T. Friedlander
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Benedict Seo
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Shakila B. Rizwan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alison M. Rich
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Haizal Mohd Hussaini
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
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10
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Role and Function of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fibroblast in Cutaneous Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061391. [PMID: 35740413 PMCID: PMC9219688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds often repair themselves completely over time; however, this is true only for healthy individuals. Although various studies are being conducted to improve wound-healing therapy outcomes, the mechanisms of wound healing and regeneration are not completely understood yet. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to contribute significantly to wound healing and regeneration. Understanding the function of MSCs will help to elucidate the fundamentals of wound healing. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that are used in regenerative medicine for their ability to self-renew and differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage, with few ethical problems associated with cell harvesting. Additionally, they have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and antifibrotic effects via paracrine signaling, and many studies have been conducted to use them to treat graft-versus-host disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and intractable cutaneous wounds. Many substances derived from MSCs are involved in the wound-healing process, and specific cascades and pathways have been elucidated. This review aims to explain the fundamental role of MSCs in wound healing and the effects of MSCs on fibroblasts.
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11
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Discovery of surface biomarkers for cell mechanophenotype via an intracellular protein-based enrichment strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:320. [PMID: 35622146 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cellular mechanophenotype is often a defining characteristic of conditions like cancer malignancy/metastasis, cardiovascular disease, lung and liver fibrosis, and stem cell differentiation. However, acquiring living cells based on mechanophenotype is challenging for conventional cell sorters due to a lack of biomarkers. In this study, we demonstrate a workflow for surface protein discovery associated with cellular mechanophenotype. We sorted heterogeneous adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) into groups with low vs. high lamin A/C, an intracellular protein linked to whole-cell mechanophenotype. Proteomic data of enriched groups identified surface protein candidates as potential biochemical proxies for ASC mechanophenotype. Select surface biomarkers were used for live-cell enrichment, with subsequent single-cell mechanical testing and lineage-specific differentiation. Ultimately, we identified CD44 to have a strong inverse correlation with whole-cell elastic modulus, with CD44lo cells exhibiting moduli three times greater than that of CD44hi cells. Functionally, these stiff and soft ASCs showed enhanced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential, respectively. The described workflow can be replicated for any phenotype with a known correlated intracellular protein, allowing for the acquisition of live cells for further characterization, diagnostics, or therapeutics.
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12
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Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts Accelerate Wound Repair of Cystic Fibrosis Epithelium. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050756. [PMID: 35629422 PMCID: PMC9144497 DOI: 10.3390/life12050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are affected by a deranged repair of the damaged epithelium resulting in altered regeneration and differentiation. Previously, we showed that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) corrected base defects of CF airway epithelial cells via connexin (CX)43-intercellular gap junction formation. In this scenario, it is unknown whether hAMSCs, or fibroblasts sharing some common characteristics with MSCs, can operate a faster repair of a damaged airway epithelium. A tip-based scratch assay was employed to study wound repair in monolayers of CFBE14o- cells (CFBE, homozygous for the F508del mutation). hAMSCs were either co-cultured with CFBE cells before the wound or added to the wounded monolayers. NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (CX43+) were added to wounded cells. HeLa cells (CX43-) were used as controls. γ-irradiation was optimized to block CFBE cell proliferation. A specific siRNA was employed to downregulate CX43 expression in CFBE cells. CFBE cells showed a delayed repair as compared with wt-CFTR cells (16HBE41o-). hAMSCs enhanced the wound repair rate of wounded CFBE cell monolayers, especially when added post wounding. hAMSCs and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, but not HeLa cells, increased wound closure of irradiated CFBE monolayers. CX43 downregulation accelerated CFBE wound repair rate without affecting cell proliferation. We conclude that hAMSCs and fibroblasts enhance the repair of a wounded CF airway epithelium, likely through a CX43-mediated mechanism mainly involving cell migration.
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13
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Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Castañeda-Alvarado CP. Dental pulp fibroblast: A star Cell. J Endod 2022; 48:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Fateh ST, Fateh ST, Shekari F, Mahdavi M, Aref AR, Salehi-Najafabadi A. The Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones on the Differentiation of Human or Animal Cells Cultured In-Vitro: A Critical Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862446. [PMID: 35444549 PMCID: PMC9014292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is pivotal in health and disease. Interfering with the process of differentiation, such as inhibiting the differentiation of adipocytes and inducing the differentiation of cancer cells, is considered a therapeutic approach. Sesquiterpene lactones, primarily found in plants, have been attracted attention as differentiating/dedifferentiating agents tested on various human or animal cells. However, a consensus on sesquiterpene lactones’ effects and their mechanism of action is required. In this sense, through a systematic review, we have investigated the differentiating/dedifferentiating effects of sesquiterpene lactones on human or animal cells. 13 different cell lines originated from humans, mice, and rats, in addition to the effects of a total of 21 sesquiterpene lactones, were evaluated in the included studies. These components had either inducing, inhibiting, or no effect on the cells, mediating their effects through JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases, NFκB, PPARγ pathways. Although nearly all inducing and inhibiting effects were attributed to cancerous and normal cells, respectively, this is likely a result of a biased study design. Few studies reported negative results along with others, and no study was found reporting only negative results. As a result, not only are the effects and mechanism of action of sesquiterpene lactones not vivid but our knowledge and decisions are also misconducted. Moreover, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the type of evaluated cells, other sesquiterpene lactones, and the involved signaling pathways. In conclusion, sesquiterpene lactones possess significant effects on differentiation status, leading to potentially efficient therapy of obesity, osteoporosis, and cancer. However, reporting negative results and further investigations on other cells, sesquiterpene lactones, and signaling pathways are highly suggested to pave the path of sesquiterpene lactones to the clinic more consciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amir Salehi-Najafabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Novello S, Tricot-Doleux S, Novella A, Pellen-Mussi P, Jeanne S. Influence of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on Osteoblasts. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040729. [PMID: 35456563 PMCID: PMC9028528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are involved in the regeneration of various missing or compromised periodontal tissues, including bone. MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) has recently been explored as a favorable surrogate for stem cell therapy, as it is capable of producing comparable therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC)-CM on osteoblasts (OB) and its potential as a therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration. Human PDLSC were isolated and characterized, and CM from these cells was collected. The presence of exosomes in the culture supernatant was observed by immunofluorescence and by transmission electron microscopy. CM was added to a cultured osteoblastic cell line (Saos-2 cells) and viability (MTT assay) and gene expression analysis (real-time PCR) were examined. A cell line derived from the periodontal ligament and showing all the characteristics of MSC was successfully isolated and characterized. The addition of PDLSC-CM to Saos-2 cells led to an enhancement of their proliferation and an increased expression of some osteoblastic differentiation markers, but this differentiation was not complete. Saos-2 cells were involved in the initial inflammation process by releasing IL-6 and activating COX2. The effects of PDLSC-CM on Saos-2 appear to arise from a cumulative effect of different effective components rather than a few factors present at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Novello
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- UF Parodontologie, Pôle d’Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylvie Tricot-Doleux
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
| | - Agnès Novella
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- UF Parodontologie, Pôle d’Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
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16
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Fan C, Liao M, Xie L, Huang L, Lv S, Cai S, Su X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Guo H, Yang H, Liu Y, Wang T, Ma L. Single-Cell Transcriptome Integration Analysis Reveals the Correlation Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Fibroblasts. Front Genet 2022; 13:798331. [PMID: 35360851 PMCID: PMC8961367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.798331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts show similar morphology, surface marker expression, and proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. These similarities not only blur their cell identities but also limit their application. Methods: We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing of the human umbilical cord and foreskin MSCs (HuMSCs and FSMSCs) and extracted the single-cell transcriptome data of the bone marrow and adipose MSCs (BMSCs and ADMSCs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we performed quality control, batch effect correction, integration, and clustering analysis of the integrated single-cell transcriptome data from the HuMSCs, FMSCs, BMSCs, and ADMSCs. The cell subsets were annotated based on the surface marker phenotypes for the MSCs (CD105 + , CD90 +, CD73 +, CD45 -, CD34 -, CD19 -, HLA-DRA -, and CD11b -), fibroblasts (VIM +, PECAM1 -, CD34 -, CD45 -, EPCAM -, and MYH11 -), and pericytes (CD146 +, PDGFRB +, PECAM1 -, CD34 -, and CD45 -). The expression levels of common fibroblast markers (ACTA2, FAP, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, S100A4, FN1, COL1A1, POSTN, DCN, COL1A2, FBLN2, COL1A2, DES, and CDH11) were also analyzed in all cell subsets. Finally, the gene expression profiles, differentiation status, and the enrichment status of various gene sets and regulons were compared between the cell subsets. Results: We demonstrated 15 distinct cell subsets in the integrated single-cell transcriptome sequencing data. Surface marker annotation demonstrated the MSC phenotype in 12 of the 15 cell subsets. C10 and C14 subsets demonstrated both the MSC and pericyte phenotypes. All 15 cell subsets demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype. C8, C12, and C13 subsets exclusively demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype. We identified 3,275 differentially expressed genes, 305 enriched gene sets, and 34 enriched regulons between the 15 cell subsets. The cell subsets that exclusively demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype represented less primitive and more differentiated cell types. Conclusion: Cell subsets with the MSC phenotype also demonstrated the fibroblast phenotype, but cell subsets with the fibroblast phenotype did not necessarily demonstrate the MSC phenotype, suggesting that MSCs represented a subclass of fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that the MSCs and fibroblasts represented highly heterogeneous populations with distinct cell subsets, which could be identified based on the differentially enriched gene sets and regulons that specify proliferating, differentiating, metabolic, and/or immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuiqin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Maochuan Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lichun Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Siyu Lv
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manna Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanhua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (The Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Strategies to enhance immunomodulatory properties and reduce heterogeneity in mesenchymal stromal cells during ex vivo expansion. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:456-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Altundag Ö, Canpinar H, Çelebi-Saltik B. Methionine affects the expression of pluripotency genes and protein levels associated with methionine metabolism in adult, fetal, and cancer stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:406-416. [PMID: 34783058 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular regulatory factors promote the potency and self-renewal property of stem cells. Methionine is fundamental for protein synthesis and regulation of methylation reactions. Specifically, methionine metabolism in embryonic and fetal development processes regulates gene expression profile/epigenetic identity of stem cells to achieve pluripotency and cellular functions. We aimed to reveal the differences in methionine metabolism of bone marrow (BM)-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB)-MSCs, and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which reflect different metabolic profiles and developmental stages of stem cells. UCB-MSC, BM-MSCs, and breast CSCs were treated with different doses (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM) of l-methionine. Cell surface marker and cell cycle assessment were performed by flow cytometry. Changes in gene expressions (OCT3/4, NANOG, DMNT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, MAT2A, and MAT2B) with methionine supplementation were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and the changes in histone methylation (H3K4me3, H3K27me3) levels were demonstrated by western blot analysis. S-adenosylmethionine//S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells that were exposed to different concentrations of l-methionine, were mostly arrested in the G0/G1 phase for each stem cell group. It was evaluated that BM-MSCs increased all gene expressions in the culture medium-containing 100 µM methionine, in addition to SAM/SAH levels. On the other hand, UCB-MSCs were found to increase OCT3/4, NANOG, and DNMT1 gene expressions and decrease MAT2A and MAT2B expressions in the culture medium containing 10 µM methionine. Moreover, an increase was observed in the He3K4me3 methylation profile. In addition, OCT3/4, NANOG, DNMT1, and MAT2B gene expressions in CSCs increased starting from the addition of 25 µM methionine. An increase was determined in H3K4me3 protein expression at 50 and 100 µM methionine-supplemented culture condition. This study demonstrates that methionine plays a critical role in metabolism and epigenetic regulation in different stem cell groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Altundag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Sihhiye, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sihhiye, Turkey
| | - Hande Canpinar
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Sihhiye, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Sihhiye, Turkey.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Sihhiye, Turkey
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19
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Zanata F, Curley L, Martin E, Bowles A, Bunnell BA, Wu X, Ferreira LM, Gimble JM. Comparative Analysis of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Dermal Fibroblasts. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1171-1178. [PMID: 34486404 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) share several qualities with mesenchymal stem cell/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues, including adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). ASCs and DFs are morphologically comparable and both cell types can be culture expanded through the utilization of their plastic-adherence properties. Despite these similar characteristics, numerous studies indicate that ASC and DF display distinct therapeutic benefits in clinical applications. To more accurately distinguish between these cell types, human DFs and ASCs isolated from three individual donors were analyzed for multipotency and cell surface marker expressions. The detection of cell surface markers, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, were used for phenotypic characterization of the DFs and ASCs. Furthermore, both cell types underwent lineage differentiation based on histochemical staining and the expression of adipogenic related genes, CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein alpha (CEBPα), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), UCP1, Leptin (LEP), and Adiponectin (ADIPOQ); and osteogenic related genes, Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Osteocalcin (OCN), and Osteopontin (OPN). Evidence provided by this study demonstrates similarities between donor-matched ASC and DF with respect to morphology, surface marker expression, differentiation potential, and gene expression, although appearance of enhanced adipogenesis in the ASC based solely on spectrophotometric analyses with no significant difference in real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of adipogenic biomarkers. Thus, there is substantial overlap between the ASC and DF phenotypes based on biochemical and differentiation metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zanata
- Plastic Surgery Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Martin
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annie Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- La Cell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- Plastic Surgery Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- La Cell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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20
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Alt EU, Schmitz C, Bai X. Perspective: Why and How Ubiquitously Distributed, Vascular-Associated, Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Adult Body (vaPS Cells) Are the Next Generation of Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:2303. [PMID: 34571951 PMCID: PMC8467324 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A certain cell type can be isolated from different organs in the adult body that can differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, providing significant support for the existence of a certain type of small, vascular-associated, pluripotent stem cell ubiquitously distributed in all organs in the adult body (vaPS cells). These vaPS cells fundamentally differ from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in that the latter possess the necessary genetic guidance that makes them intrinsically pluripotent. In contrast, vaPS cells do not have this intrinsic genetic guidance, but are able to differentiate into somatic cells of all three lineages under guidance of the microenvironment they are located in, independent from the original tissue or organ where they had resided. These vaPS cells are of high relevance for clinical application because they are contained in unmodified, autologous, adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs). The latter can be obtained from and re-applied to the same patient at the point of care, without the need for further processing, manipulation, and culturing. These findings as well as various clinical examples presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of UA-ADRCs for enabling an entirely new generation of medicine for the benefit of patients and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard U. Alt
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Isar Klinikum Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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21
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Hong B, Xia T, Ye CJ, Zhan Y, Yang R, Liu J, Li Y, Chen ZX, Yao W, Li K, Wang J, Dong KR, Dong R. Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals the heterogeneity in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26775. [PMID: 34397824 PMCID: PMC8341243 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most typical type of rhabdomyosarcoma. The heterogeneity, etiology, and origin of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma remain unknown.After obtaining the gene expression data of every cell in the tumor tissue by single-cell RNA sequencing, we used the Seurat package in R studio for quality control, analysis, and exploration of the data. All cells are divided into tumor cells and non-tumor cells, and we chose tumor cells by marker genes. Then, we repeated the process to cluster the tumor cells and divided the subgroups by their differentially expressed genes and gene ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Additionally, Monocle 2 was used for pseudo-time analysis to obtain the evolution trajectory of cells in tumor tissues.Tumor cells were divided into 5 subgroups according to their functions, which were characterized by high proliferation, sensing and adaptation to oxygen availability, enhanced epigenetic modification, enhanced nucleoside phosphonic acid metabolism, and ossification. Evolution trajectory of cells in tumor tissues is obtained.We used pseudo-time analysis to distinguish between mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts, proved that embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the pelvic originated from skeletal muscle progenitor cells, showed the evolutionary trajectory of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and improved the method of evaluating the degree of malignancy of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Jing Ye
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui-Ran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
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22
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Selection of DNA Aptamers for Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Fibroblasts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3704-3718. [PMID: 34363139 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell therapy has shown promise in regenerative medicine. The lack of standardized protocols for cell isolation and differentiation generates conflicting results in this field. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) and fibroblasts (FIB) share very similar cell membrane markers. In this context, the distinction of mesenchymal stem cells from fibroblasts has been crucial for safe clinical application of these cells. In the present study, we developed aptamers capable of specifically recognize ASC using the Cell-SELEX technique. We tested the affinity of ASC aptamers compared to dermal FIB. Quantitative PCR was advantageous for the in vitro validation of four candidate aptamers. The binding capabilities of Apta 2 and Apta 42 could not distinguish both cell types. At the same time, Apta 21 and Apta 99 showed a better binding capacity to ASC with dissociation constants (Kd) of 50.46 ± 2.28 nM and 72.71 ± 10.3 nM, respectively. However, Apta 21 showed a Kd of 86.78 ± 9.14 nM when incubated with FIB. Therefore, only Apta 99 showed specificity to detect ASC by total internal reflection microscopy (TIRF). This aptamer is a promising tool for the in vitro identification of ASC. These results will help understand the differences between these two cell types for more specific and precise cell therapies.
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23
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Delben PB, Zomer HD, Acordi da Silva C, Gomes RS, Melo FR, Dillenburg-Pilla P, Trentin AG. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from face and abdomen undergo replicative senescence and loss of genetic integrity after long-term culture. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112740. [PMID: 34303697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Body fat depots are heterogeneous concerning their embryonic origin, structure, exposure to environmental stressors, and availability. Thus, investigating adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) from different sources is essential to standardization for future therapies. In vitro amplification is also critical because it may predispose cell senescence and mutations, reducing regenerative properties and safety. Here, we evaluated long-term culture of human facial ASCs (fASCs) and abdominal ASCs (aASCs) and showed that both met the criteria for MSCs characterization but presented differences in their immunophenotypic profile, and differentiation and clonogenic potentials. The abdominal tissue yielded more ASCs, and these had higher proliferative potential, but facial cells displayed fewer mitotic errors at higher passages. However, both cell types reduced clonal efficiency over time and entered replicative senescence around P12, as evaluated by progressive morphological alterations, reduced proliferative capacity, and SA-β-galactosidase expression. Loss of genetic integrity was detected by a higher proportion of cells showing nuclear alterations and γ-H2AX expression. Our findings indicate that the source of ASCs can substantially influence their phenotype and therefore should be carefully considered in future cell therapies, avoiding, however, long-term culture to ensure genetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Barros Delben
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Camila Acordi da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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24
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Mukherjee S, Yadav G, Kumar R. Recent trends in stem cell-based therapies and applications of artificial intelligence in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:521-541. [PMID: 34249226 PMCID: PMC8246250 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and differentiate into diverse types of mature and functional cells while maintaining their original identity. This profound potential of stem cells has been thoroughly investigated for its significance in regenerative medicine and has laid the foundation for cell-based therapies. Regenerative medicine is rapidly progressing in healthcare with the prospect of repair and restoration of specific organs or tissue injuries or chronic disease conditions where the body’s regenerative process is not sufficient to heal. In this review, the recent advances in stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine are discussed, emphasizing mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies as these cells have been extensively studied for clinical use. Recent applications of artificial intelligence algorithms in stem cell-based therapies, their limitation, and future prospects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Ong WK, Chakraborty S, Sugii S. Adipose Tissue: Understanding the Heterogeneity of Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070918. [PMID: 34206204 PMCID: PMC8301750 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been increasingly used as a versatile source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for diverse clinical investigations. However, their applications often become complicated due to heterogeneity arising from various factors. Cellular heterogeneity can occur due to: (i) nomenclature and criteria for definition; (ii) adipose tissue depots (e.g., subcutaneous fat, visceral fat) from which ASCs are isolated; (iii) donor and inter-subject variation (age, body mass index, gender, and disease state); (iv) species difference; and (v) study design (in vivo versus in vitro) and tools used (e.g., antibody isolation and culture conditions). There are also actual differences in resident cell types that exhibit ASC/MSC characteristics. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells have been reported as an alternative or derivative source of ASCs for application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss these factors that contribute to the heterogeneity of human ASCs in detail, and what should be taken into consideration for overcoming challenges associated with such heterogeneity in the clinical use of ASCs. Attempts to understand, define, and standardize cellular heterogeneity are important in supporting therapeutic strategies and regulatory considerations for the use of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Kiat Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.K.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Smarajit Chakraborty
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore;
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore;
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (W.K.O.); (S.S.)
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26
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Sekino Y, Imaizumi A, Komune N, Ono M, Sato K, Masuda S, Fujimura A, Koike K, Hongo T, Uchi R, Onishi H, Nakagawa T. Establishment and characterization of a primary cell culture derived from external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34115931 PMCID: PMC8329851 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no human cancer cell lines of external auditory canal origin available for research use. This report describes the establishment of a culture condition for external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma, derived from human tumor tissue. Successive squamous cell carcinoma colonies were dissociated by trypsin, subcultured, and maintained on a feeder layer (MMC‐TIG‐1‐20), yielding a clonally proliferating cell culture. Two morphological types of colony were observed: (a) densely packed colonies and (b) colonies with indistinct boundaries characterized by cell–cell complexes with fibroblast feeder cells. The SCC‐like characteristics of these cells were evidenced by positivity for p53, SCCA1/2, cytokeratin, and vimentin, and cancer stem cell properties were indicated by positivity for CD44, CD133, Oct3/4, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). One of the unique properties of cell cultures is their tendency to form steric colonies in vitro on feeder layer cells. In addition, in the presence of fresh macrophages, the cells very slowly transform to break away from colonies as free cells, a process that resembles the epidermal–mesenchymal transition, whereby cell–cell interactions are weakened and migration activity is enhanced. These factors are purported to play a key role in cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sekino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Koike
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Parmaksiz M, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Decellularized Cell Culture ECMs Act as Cell Differentiation Inducers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:569-584. [PMID: 32170583 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues and organs have aroused considerable interest for developing functional bio-scaffolds as natural templates in tissue engineering applications. More recently, the use of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) extracted from the in vitro cell cultures for cellular applications have come into question. It is well known that the microenvironment largely defines cellular properties. Thus, we have anticipated that the ECMs of the cells with different potency levels should likely possess different effects on cell cultures. To test this, we have comparatively evaluated the differentiative effects of ECMs derived from the cultures of human somatic dermal fibroblasts, human multipotent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cells on somatic dermal fibroblasts. Although challenges remain, the data suggest that the use of cell culture-based extracellular matrices perhaps may be considered as an alternative approach for the differentiation of even somatic cells into other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Parmaksiz
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey. .,Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc, Ankara, Turkey.
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28
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Dempsey ME, Woodford-Berry O, Darling EM. Quantification of Antibody Persistence for Cell Surface Protein Labeling. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:267-277. [PMID: 34109005 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibodies are an essential research tool for labeling surface proteins but can potentially influence the behavior of proteins and cells to which they bind. Because of this, researchers and clinicians are interested in the persistence of these antibodies, particularly for live-cell applications. We developed an easily adoptable method for researchers to characterize antibody removal timelines for any cell-antibody combination, with the benefit of studying broad, hypothesized mechanisms of antibody removal. Methods We developed a method using four experimental conditions to elucidate the contributions of possible factors influencing antibody removal: cell proliferation, internalization, permanent dissociation, and environmental perturbation. This method was tested on adipose-derived stem cells and a human lung fibroblast cell line with anti-CD44, CD90, and CD105 antibodies. The persistence of the primary antibody was probed using a fluorescent secondary antibody daily over 10 days. Relative contributions by the antibody removal mechanisms were quantified based on differences between the four culture conditions. Results Greater than 90% of each antibody tested was no longer present on the surface of the two cell types after 5 days, with removal observed in as little as 1 day post-labeling. Anti-CD90 antibody was primarily removed by environmental perturbation, anti-CD105 antibody by internalization, and anti-CD44 antibody by a combination of all four factors. Conclusions Antibody removal mechanism depended on the specific antibody tested, while removal timelines for the same antibody depended more on cell type. This method should be broadly relevant to researchers interested in quantifying an initial timeframe for uninhibited use of antibody-labeled cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00670-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Dempsey
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Olivia Woodford-Berry
- Departmant of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.,Departmant of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.,Departmant of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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29
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Li Y, Wu T, Liu S. Identification and Distinction of Tenocytes and Tendon-Derived Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629515. [PMID: 33937230 PMCID: PMC8085586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring the normal structure and function of injured tendons is one of the biggest challenges in orthopedics and sports medicine department. The discovery of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) provides a novel perspective to treat tendon injuries, which is expected to be an ideal seed cell to promote tendon repair and regeneration. Because of the lack of specific markers, the identification of tenocytes and TDSCs has not been conclusive in the in vitro study of tendons. In addition, the morphology of tendon derived cells is similar, and the comparison and identification of tenocytes and TDSCs are insufficient, which causes some obstacles to the in vitro study of tendon. In this review, the characteristics of tenocytes and TDSCs are summarized and compared based on some existing research results (mainly in terms of biomarkers), and a potential marker selection for identification is suggested. It is of profound significance to further explore the mechanism of biomarkers in vivo and to find more specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Chen Q, Yuan C, Jiang S, Heng BC, Zou T, Shen Z, Wang P, Zhang C. Small molecules efficiently reprogram apical papilla stem cells into neuron-like cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:546. [PMID: 33850518 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy may provide a novel approach for neural tissue regeneration. A small molecule cocktail-based culture protocol was previously shown to enhance neurogenic differentiation of stem cells from dental tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the early phase of small molecule-induced neurogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). SCAP were cultured in neural-induction medium or neural-induction medium with small molecules (NIMS-SCAP) and examined for their cell morphologies. Expression levels of neural progenitor cell-related markers, including Nestin, paired-box gene 6 (Pax6) and Sry-related HMG box 2 (Sox2), were examined using western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. Expression of differentiated neuron-related markers, including neurofilament protein (NFM), neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2, were also examined using western blotting, while NFM and MAP2 gene expression and cell proliferation were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assays, respectively. SCAP morphology was affected by small molecules after as little as 30 min. Specifically, Nestin, Pax6 and Sox2 expression detected using western blotting was increased by day 3 but then decreased over the course of 7 days with neural induction, while immunocytofluorescence revealed expression of all three markers in NIMS-SCAP. The protein levels of NFM, NeuN and MAP2 on day 7 were significantly upregulated in NIMS-SCAP, as detected using western blotting, while NFM and MAP2 gene expression levels detected using RT-qPCR were significantly increased on days 5 and 7. Proliferation of NIMS-SCAP ceased after 5 days. Electrophysiological analysis showed that only SCAP cultured in NIMS had the functional activity of neuronal cells. Thus, small molecules reprogrammed SCAP into neural progenitor cells within the first 3 days, followed by further differentiation into neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zou
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhongshan Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Penglai Wang
- Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
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Abstract
Tissue resident mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) are important regulators of tissue repair or regeneration, remodeling, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Here we describe a technology used to define, isolate, and characterize a population of resident lung MPC in both human and mouse explanted tissue. The definition of this population using a defined set of markers facilitates the repeatable isolation of a mesenchymal subpopulation population by flow cytometry and the subsequent translational study of this specific cell type and function.
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32
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Studying Sjögren's syndrome in mice: What is the best available model? J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:245-255. [PMID: 33665074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands. The disease manifests primarily in the salivary and lacrimal glands, but other organs are also involved, leading to dry mouth, dry eyes, and other extra-glandular manifestations. Studying the disease in humans is entailed with many limitations and restrictions; therefore, the need for a proper mouse model is mandatory. SS mouse models are categorized, depending on the disease emergence into spontaneous or experimentally manipulated models. The usefulness of each mouse model varies depending on the SS features exhibited by that model; each SS model has advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In this review article, we list all the available murine models which have been used to study SS and we comment on the characteristics exhibited by each mouse model to assist scientists to select the appropriate model for their specific studies. We also recommend a murine strain that is the most relevant to the ideal SS model, based on our experience acquired during previous and current investigations.
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33
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Altundag Ö, Çelebi-Saltik B. From Embryo to Adult: One Carbon Metabolism in Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 16:175-188. [PMID: 32652922 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200712191308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal property and varying differentiation potential that allow the regeneration of tissue cells of an organism throughout adult life beginning from embryonic development. Through the asymmetric cell divisions, each stem cell replicates itself and produces an offspring identical with the mother cell, and a daughter cell that possesses the characteristics of a progenitor cell and commits to a specific lineage to differentiate into tissue cells to maintain homeostasis. To maintain a pool of stem cells to ensure tissue regeneration and homeostasis, it is important to regulate the metabolic functioning of stem cells, progenitor cells and adult tissue stem cells that will meet their internal and external needs. Upon fertilization, the zygote transforms metabolic reprogramming while implantation, embryonic development, organogenesis processes and after birth through adult life. Metabolism in stem cells is a concept that is relatively new to be enlightened. There are no adequate and comprehensive in vitro studies on the comparative analysis of the effects of one-carbon (1-C) metabolism on fetal and adult stem cells compared to embryonic and cancer stem cells' studies that have been reported recently. Since 1-C metabolism is linking parental environmental/ dietary factors and fetal development, investigating the epigenetic, genetic, metabolic and developmental effects on adult period is necessary. Several mutations and abnormalities in 1-C metabolism have been noted in disease changing from diabetes, cancer, pregnancy-related outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, premature delivery, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the effects of 1-C metabolism, mainly the methionine and folate metabolism, in stem cells that exist in different developmental stages will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Altundag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Jifcovici A, Solano MA, Fitzpatrick N, Findji L, Blunn G, Sanghani-Kerai A. Comparison of Fat Harvested from Flank and Falciform Regions for Stem Cell Therapy in Dogs. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020019. [PMID: 33503997 PMCID: PMC7910945 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue has recently gained attention as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for applications in treating degenerative joint disease in veterinary patients. This study aimed to quantify the stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) and colony forming units (CFU) of AdMSCs from the falciform and flank regions and compare dogs of different ages and weights. Methods: Fat tissue was harvested from the flank (21 dogs) and falciform regions (17 dogs). The fat tissue was enzymatically digested and the number of nucleated cells in the SVF was counted. The SVF was cultured in vitro and the cell growth was assessed by counting the CFU per gram of fat and the aspect ratio of the cells. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the number of nucleated cells in the SVF from the two sites. The CFU/g of fat from falciform was 378.9 ± 293 g and from flank was 486.8 ± 517 g, and this was also insignificant. Neither age nor weight of the patient had an impact on the SVF or CFU/g. No surgical complications were reported from either of the sites. Harvesting fat for stem cell therapy for intra-articular therapy of degenerative joint disease can be an easy and fast process when obtaining the fat either from the flank or the falciform region, and it is not age or weight dependent. The harvest site for clinical canine patients can be left to the surgeon’s discretion and comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jifcovici
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel A. Solano
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Noel Fitzpatrick
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Laurent Findji
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
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Zeaxanthin-Rich Extract from Superfood Lycium barbarum Selectively Modulates the Cellular Adhesion and MAPK Signaling in Melanoma versus Normal Skin Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020333. [PMID: 33440679 PMCID: PMC7827977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concern for implementing bioactive nutraceuticals in antioxidant-related therapies is of great importance for skin homeostasis in benign or malignant diseases. In order to elucidate some novel insights of Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) activity on skin cells, the present study focused on its active compound zeaxanthin. By targeting the stemness markers CD44 and CD105, with deep implications in skin oxidative stress mechanisms, we revealed, for the first time, selectivity in zeaxanthin activity. When applied in vitro on BJ human fibroblast cell line versus the A375 malignant melanoma cells, despite the moderate cytotoxicity, the zeaxanthin-rich extracts 1 and 2 were able to downregulate significantly the CD44 and CD105 membrane expression and extracellular secretion in A375, and to upregulate them in BJ cells. At mechanistic level, the present study is the first to demonstrate that the zeaxanthin-rich Goji extracts are able to influence selectively the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): ERK, JNK and p38 in normal BJ versus tumor-derived A375 skin cells. These results point out towards the applications of zeaxanthin from L. barbarum as a cytoprotective agent in normal skin and raises questions about its use as an antitumor prodrug alone or in combination with standard therapy.
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Abreu de Melo MI, da Silva Cunha P, Coutinho de Miranda M, Faraco CCF, Barbosa JL, da Fonseca Ferreira A, Kunrath Lima M, Faria JAQA, Rodrigues MÂ, de Goes AM, Gomes DA. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are distinct from dermal fibroblasts as evaluated by biological characterization and RNA sequencing. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:442-454. [PMID: 33389760 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) have immunomodulatory properties and the potential to differentiate into several cell lines, important for application in regenerative medicine. However, the contamination with dermal fibroblasts (FIB) can impair the beneficial effects of ASC in cell therapy. It is then essential to develop new strategies that contribute to the distinction between these two cell types. In this study, we performed functional assays, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to find new markers that can distinguish ASC and FIB. We showed that ASC have adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity and alkaline phosphatase activity, not observed in FIB. Gene expression variation analysis identified more than 2000 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between these two cell types. We validated 16 genes present in the list of DEG, including the alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPL). In conclusion, we showed that ASC and FIB have distinct biological properties as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiation capacity, besides having different gene expression profiles. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Although many differences between stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (ASC) and human dermal fibroblasts (FIB) are described, it is still difficult to find specific markers to differentiate them. This problem can interfere with the therapeutic use of ASC. This work aimed to find new markers to differentiate these two cell populations. Our findings suggest that these cells can be distinguished by biological and molecular characteristics, such as adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity and differential gene expression profiles. The DEG were related to the regulation of the cell cycle, development process, structural organization of the cell and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. This study helps to find new cellular markers to distinguish the two populations and to better understand the properties of these cells, which can improve cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Izabella Abreu de Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Fraga Faraco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joana Lobato Barbosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrea da Fonseca Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marianna Kunrath Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Araújo Quintão Arantes Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Michele Ângela Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
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NAD +/NADH redox alterations reconfigure metabolism and rejuvenate senescent human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Commun Biol 2020; 3:774. [PMID: 33319867 PMCID: PMC7738682 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) promote endogenous tissue regeneration and have become a promising candidate for cell therapy. However, in vitro culture expansion of hMSCs induces a rapid decline of stem cell properties through replicative senescence. Here, we characterize metabolic profiles of hMSCs during expansion. We show that alterations of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + /NADH) redox balance and activity of the Sirtuin (Sirt) family enzymes regulate cellular senescence of hMSCs. Treatment with NAD + precursor nicotinamide increases the intracellular NAD + level and re-balances the NAD + /NADH ratio, with enhanced Sirt-1 activity in hMSCs at high passage, partially restores mitochondrial fitness and rejuvenates senescent hMSCs. By contrast, human fibroblasts exhibit limited senescence as their cellular NAD + /NADH balance is comparatively stable during expansion. These results indicate a potential metabolic and redox connection to replicative senescence in adult stem cells and identify NAD + as a metabolic regulator that distinguishes stem cells from mature cells. This study also suggests potential strategies to maintain cellular homeostasis of hMSCs in clinical applications. Yuan et al. characterise metabolic profiles of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) during cell expansion in culture. They find that late passage hMSCs exhibit a NAD + /NADH redox cycle imbalance and that adding NAD + precursor nicotinamide restores mitochondrial fitness and cellular homeostasis in senescent hMSCs indicating a possible route to preserve hMSC homeostasis for therapeutic use.
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Comparison of similar cells: Mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151634. [PMID: 33059115 PMCID: PMC7550172 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Almost from all organs, both mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts can be isolated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most preferred cellular therapeutic agents with the regenerative potential, and fibroblasts are one of the most abundant cell types with the ability to maintain homeostasis. Because of the promising properties of MSCs, they have been well studied and their differentiation potentials, immunomodulatory potentials, gene expression profiles are identified. It has been observed that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells have similar morphology, gene expression patterns, surface markers, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. Thus, it is hard to distinguish these two cell types. Epigenetic signatures, i.e., methylation patterns of cells, are the only usable promising difference between them. Such significant similarities show that these two cells may be related to each other.
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis Identifies EphA2 as a Specific Cell Surface Marker for Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176437. [PMID: 32899389 PMCID: PMC7503404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are a valuable tool in stem cell research due to their high proliferation rate, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and immunotolerance properties. However, fibroblast impurity during WJ-MSCs isolation is unavoidable because of morphological similarities and shared surface markers. Here, a proteomic approach was employed to identify specific proteins differentially expressed by WJ-MSCs in comparison to those by neonatal foreskin and adult skin fibroblasts (NFFs and ASFs, respectively). Mass spectrometry analysis identified 454 proteins with a transmembrane domain. These proteins were then compared across the different cell-lines and categorized based on their cellular localizations, biological processes, and molecular functions. The expression patterns of a selected set of proteins were further confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. As anticipated, most of the studied proteins had common expression patterns. However, EphA2, SLC25A4, and SOD2 were predominantly expressed by WJ-MSCs, while CDH2 and Talin2 were specific to NFFs and ASFs, respectively. Here, EphA2 was established as a potential surface-specific marker to distinguish WJ-MSCs from fibroblasts and for prospective use to prepare pure primary cultures of WJ-MSCs. Additionally, CDH2 could be used for a negative-selection isolation/depletion method to remove neonatal fibroblasts contaminating preparations of WJ-MSCs.
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41
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Steens J, Unger K, Klar L, Neureiter A, Wieber K, Hess J, Jakob HG, Klump H, Klein D. Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into therapeutically active vascular wall-typical mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3401-3422. [PMID: 31712992 PMCID: PMC7426315 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies using adult stem cells are promising options for the treatment of a number of diseases including autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. Among these, vascular wall-derived mesenchymal stem cells (VW-MSCs) might be particularly well suited for the protection and curative treatment of vascular damage because of their tissue-specific action. Here we report a novel method for the direct conversion of human skin fibroblasts towards MSCs using a VW-MSC-specific gene code (HOXB7, HOXC6 and HOXC8) that directs cell fate conversion bypassing pluripotency. This direct programming approach using either a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector expressing the VW-MSC-specific HOX-code or a tetracycline-controlled Tet-On system for doxycycline-inducible gene expressions of HOXB7, HOXC6 and HOXC8 successfully mediated the generation of VW-typical MSCs with classical MSC characteristics in vitro and in vivo. The induced VW-MSCs (iVW-MSCs) fulfilled all criteria of MSCs as defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). In terms of multipotency and clonogenicity, which are important specific properties to discriminate MSCs from fibroblasts, iVW-MSCs behaved like primary ex vivo isolated VW-MSCs and shared similar molecular and DNA methylation signatures. With respect to their therapeutic potential, these cells suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and protected mice against vascular damage in a mouse model of radiation-induced pneumopathy in vivo, as well as ex vivo cultured human lung tissue. The feasibility to obtain patient-specific VW-MSCs from fibroblasts in large amounts by a direct conversion into induced VW-MSCs could potentially open avenues towards novel, MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Steens
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, Ger-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics and Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Klar
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, Ger-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Anika Neureiter
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karolin Wieber
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, Ger-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics and Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz G Jakob
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, Ger-45122, Essen, Germany.
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George S, Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation-Induced Differentiation of Immortalized Adipose Stem Cells to Neuronal Cells. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:1032-1040. [PMID: 32525253 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transdermal differentiation of human adipose stem cells (ASCs) to other cell types is still a challenge in regenerative medicine. Studies using primary ASCs are also limited as they may undergo replicative senescence during repeated passages in vitro. However, ASCs immortalized (iASCs) with human telomerase enzyme expressing plasmid exhibits a uniform population suitable for differentiation in vitro. A right combination of biological and physical stimuli may induce transdermal differentiation of iASCs into neurons in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS iASCs were differentiated to free-floating neural stem cell aggregates (neurospheres) using a combination of growth inducers. Cells in these spheres were induced to differentiate into neurons using low-intensity lasers by a process called photobiomodulation (PBM). RESULTS Laser at the near infrared (NIR) wavelength 825 nm and fluences 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2 was capable of increasing the differentiation of neurospheres to neurons. Precisely, there was a statistically significant increase in the early neuronal marker at 5 J/cm2 and a much appreciable increase at 15 J/cm2 in correlation with the biphasic dose response of PBM. However, these differentiated cells failed to express late neuronal markers in vitro. Comparison of these differentiating iASCs with the primary ASCs revealed a sharp distinction between the metabolic processes of the primary ASCs, neurospheres, and newly differentiated neurons. CONCLUSION We found that PBM increased the yield of neurons and effected stem cell differentiation through modulation of cellular metabolism and redox status. Our study also identifies that iASCs are an excellent model for analysis of stem cell biology and for performing transdermal differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that a combination of biological and physical inducers can advance the differentiation of adipose stem cells to neurons. We were able to establish the optimal energy for the neuronal differentiation of iASCs in vitro. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan George
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa.,Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Shimizu Y. Advances in regenerative therapy: A review of the literature and future directions. Regen Ther 2020; 14:136-153. [PMID: 32110683 PMCID: PMC7033303 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enormous global anticipation for stem cell-based therapies that are safe and effective. Numerous pre-clinical studies present encouraging results on the therapeutic potential of different cell types including tissue derived stem cells. Emerging evidences in different fields of research suggest several cell types are safe, whereas their therapeutic application and effectiveness remain challenged. Multiple factors that influence treatment outcomes are proposed including immunocompatibility and potency, owing to variations in tissue origin, ex-vivo methodologies for preparation and handling of the cells. This communication gives an overview of literature data on the different types of cells that are potentially promising for regenerative therapy. As a case in point, the recent trends in research and development of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy are considered in detail. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues and organs in the human body including bone marrow, adipose, synovium, and perinatal tissues. However, MSC products from the different tissue sources exhibit unique or varied levels of regenerative abilities. The review finally focuses on adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs), with the unique properties such as easier accessibility and abundance, excellent proliferation and differentiation capacities, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory and many other trophic properties. The suitability and application of the ASCs, and strategies to improve the innate regenerative capacities of stem cells in general are highlighted among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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Sveiven SN, Nordgren TM. Lung-resident mesenchymal stromal cells are tissue-specific regulators of lung homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L197-L210. [PMID: 32401672 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, data supporting the tissue-resident status of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has been ambiguous since their discovery in the 1950-60s. These progenitor cells were first discovered as bone marrow-derived adult multipotent cells and believed to migrate to sites of injury, opposing the notion that they are residents of all tissue types. In recent years, however, it has been demonstrated that MSC can be found in all tissues and MSC from different tissues represent distinct populations with differential protein expression unique to each tissue type. Importantly, these cells are efficient mediators of tissue repair, regeneration, and prove to be targets for therapeutics, demonstrated by clinical trials (phase 1-4) for MSC-derived therapies for diseases like graft-versus-host-disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. The tissue-resident status of MSC found in the lung is a key feature of their importance in the context of disease and injuries of the respiratory system, since these cells could be instrumental to providing more specific and targeted therapies. Currently, bone marrow-derived MSC have been established in the treatment of disease, including diseases of the lung. However, with lung-resident MSC representing a unique population with a different phenotypic and gene expression pattern than MSC derived from other tissues, their role in remediating lung inflammation and injury could provide enhanced efficacy over bone marrow-derived MSC methods. Through this review, lung-resident MSC will be characterized, using previously published data, by surface markers, gene expression patterns, and compared with bone-marrow MSC to highlight similarities and, importantly, differences in these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Noel Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
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Tavangar MS, Attar A, Razmkhah M, Hosseini SM, Hosseini A, Monabati A, Shafiei F. Differential expression of drug resistance genes in CD146 positive dental pulp derived stem cells and CD146 negative fibroblasts. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:448-456. [PMID: 32378809 PMCID: PMC7453779 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The stem cell portion of the dental pulp derived cultures (DPSCs) showed a higher resistance to cytotoxic effect of restorative dental materials compared to pulpal fibroblasts (DPFs). Here, we aimed to compare the expression of some drug resistant genes between these cells. Methods and materials To separate DPSCs from DPFs, we used magnetic cell sorting technique based on CD146 expression. To assess the stem cell properties, the positive and negative portions underwent colony forming assays and were induced to be differentiated into the adipocytes, osteoblasts, hepatocytes, and neural cells. Cell surface antigen panels were checked using immune fluorescence and flow‐cytometry techniques. The mRNA expression of 14 ABC transporters including ABCA2, ABCB1, ABCB11, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC5‐2, ABCC5‐4,ABCC5‐13, ABCC6, ABCC10, ABCC11, and ABCG2 genes was assessed, using quantitative RT‐PCR technique. Results Only the CD146 positive portion could be differentiated into the desired fates, and they formed higher colonies (16.7 ± 3.32 vs. 1.7 ± 1.67, p < .001). The cell surface antigen panels were the same, except for CD146 and STRO‐1 markers which were expressed only in the positive portion. Among the ABC transporter genes studied, the positive portion showed a higher expression (approximately two‐fold) of ABCA2, ABCC5‐13, and ABCC5‐2 genes. Conclusion Dental pulp stem cells which can be separated from dental pulp fibroblasts based on CD146 expression, express higher levels of some drug resistance genes which probably accounts for their features of more resistance to cytotoxic effects of some dental materials. This needs to be more validated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Tavangar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Universityof Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Attar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Universityof Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mojtaba Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Research group, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shafiei
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Universityof Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Alt EU, Winnier G, Haenel A, Rothoerl R, Solakoglu O, Alt C, Schmitz C. Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of UA-ADRCs (Uncultured, Autologous, Fresh, Unmodified, Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells, Isolated at Point of Care) in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2020; 9:E1097. [PMID: 32365488 PMCID: PMC7290808 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become practically impossible to survey the literature on cells derived from adipose tissue for regenerative medicine. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and translational understanding of the potential of UA-ADRCs (uncultured, unmodified, fresh, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells isolated at the point of care) and its application in regenerative medicine. We provide profound basic and clinical evidence demonstrating that tissue regeneration with UA-ADRCs is safe and effective. ADRCs are neither 'fat stem cells' nor could they exclusively be isolated from adipose tissue. ADRCs contain the same adult stem cells ubiquitously present in the walls of blood vessels that are able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. Of note, the specific isolation procedure used has a significant impact on the number and viability of cells and hence on safety and efficacy of UA-ADRCs. Furthermore, there is no need to specifically isolate and separate stem cells from the initial mixture of progenitor and stem cells found in ADRCs. Most importantly, UA-ADRCs have the physiological capacity to adequately regenerate tissue without need for more than minimally manipulating, stimulating and/or (genetically) reprogramming the cells for a broad range of clinical applications. Tissue regeneration with UA-ADRCs fulfills the criteria of homologous use as defined by the regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard U. Alt
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Sanford Health, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Isar Klinikum Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
- InGeneron, Inc., Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | | | - Alexander Haenel
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Oender Solakoglu
- Dental Department of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 22453 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
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47
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Liu X, Zhang T, Zhang C. Sitagliptin Inhibits Extracellular Matrix Accumulation and Proliferation in Lung Fibroblasts. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922644. [PMID: 32301442 PMCID: PMC7191949 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts activation-induced fibrosis can cause idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Excessive activation of fibroblasts contributes to poor healing or severe visceral fibrosis and even organ dysfunction. Sitagliptin acts as a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor to reduce glucose level in type 2 diabetes, but its role in fibrosis of lung fibroblasts is elusive. We investigated the mechanism of sitagliptin in TGF-ß-activated lung fibroblasts and evaluated the efficacy of sitagliptin in extracellular matrix accumulation and fibroblasts proliferation. MATERIAL AND METHODS By in vitro lung fibroblasts culture, we assessed the expression of lung fibroblasts biomarker (alpha-SMA) and extracellular matrix (Col-1, Col-3, fibronectin) following TGF-ß stimulation and treatment with sitagliptin. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation level of Smad-3 protein in cells was analyzed using Western blotting, and the apoptosis level was assessed by Western blotting and flow cytometry. The degree of proliferation was determined using immunofluorescence and scratch-healing assay. RESULTS We found that treatment with sitagliptin attenuates fibroblasts activation following TGF-ß stimulation. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix was decreased by sitagliptin treatment by suppressing the phosphorylation level of Smad-3 protein. We found that sitagliptin does not affect apoptosis in fibroblasts, but it does affect the degree of proliferation of lung fibroblasts, thus ameliorating fibrosis after TGF-ß stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin inhibits fibrosis in TGF-ß-induced lung fibroblasts activation, which restrains extracellular matrix formation and cell proliferation in fibroblasts. Therefore, sitagliptin appears to have promise as a treatment of fibroproliferative disease caused by activation and proliferation of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Jinluo Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linyi High-Tech Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Brinkhof B, Zhang B, Cui Z, Ye H, Wang H. ALCAM (CD166) as a gene expression marker for human mesenchymal stromal cell characterisation. Gene X 2020; 763S:100031. [PMID: 32550557 PMCID: PMC7285916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) phenotypically share their positive expression of the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT) markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 with fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are often co-isolated as an unwanted by-product from biopsy and they can rapidly overgrow the MSCs in culture. Indeed, many other surface markers have been proposed, though no unique MSC specific marker has been identified yet. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a precise, efficient and rapid method for gene expression analysis. To identify a marker suitable for accurate MSC characterisation, qPCR was exploited. Methods and results Two commercially obtained bone marrow (BM) derived MSCs and an hTERT immortalised BM-MSC line (MSC-TERT) have been cultured for different days and at different oxygen levels before RNA extraction. Together with RNA samples previous extracted from umbilical cord derived MSCs and MSC-TERT cells cultured in 2D or 3D, this heterogeneous sample set was quantitatively analysed for the expression levels of 18 candidate MSC marker genes. The expression levels in MSCs were compared with the expression levels in fibroblasts to verify the differentiation capability of these genes between MSCs and fibroblasts. None of the ISCT markers could differentiate between fibroblasts and MSCs. A total of six other genes (ALCAM, CLIC1, EDIL3, EPHA2, NECTIN2, and TMEM47) were identified as possible biomarkers for accurate identification of MSCs. Conclusion Justified by considerations on expression level, reliability and specificity, Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) was the best candidate for improving the biomarker set of MSC identification.
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Key Words
- (q)PCR, (quantitative) polymerase chain reaction
- AD, adipose
- AF, Amniotic Fluid
- ALCAM, Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule
- Activated-leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
- BM, bone marrow
- BSG, Basigin
- Biomarker
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CLIC1, chloride intracellular channel 1
- CLIC4, chloride intracellular channel 4
- Cq, Quantification cycle
- DF, Dermal Fibroblasts
- DP, Dental Pulp
- EDIL3, EGF like repeats and discoidin domains 3
- ENG, Endoglin
- EPHA2, EPH receptor A2
- ER, Endoplasmatic Reticulum
- FACS, Fluorescence Assisted Cell Sorting
- FN1, Fibronectin 1
- IGFBP7, insulin like growth factor binding protein 7
- ISCT, International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy
- ITGA1, integrin subunit alpha 1
- LAMP1, lysosomal associated membrane protein 1
- LRRC59, leucine rich repeat containing 59
- MCAM, melanoma cell adhesion molecule
- MM, Multiple Myeloma
- MPC, Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell
- MSC
- MSC, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
- NECTIN2, nectin cell adhesion molecule 2
- NK, Natural Killer
- NT5E, 5′-nucleotidase ecto
- OS, Osteosarcoma
- PL, Placenta
- PPIA, peptidylprolyl isomerase A
- PUM1, pumilio RNA binding family member 1
- RM, Regenerative Medicine
- RNA
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- RT, Reverse Transcriptase
- Regenerative medicine
- SEM, Standard Error of the Mean
- TBP, TATA-box binding protein
- TCF, Tissue Culture Plate
- TE, Tissue Engineering
- TFRC, transferrin receptor
- THY1, Thy-1 cell surface antigen
- TLN1, Talin 1
- TMEM47, transmembrane protein 47
- UC, umbilical cord
- YWHAZ, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta
- cDNA, DNA complementary to RNA
- qPCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Brinkhof
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Rutting S, Zakarya R, Bozier J, Xenaki D, Horvat JC, Wood LG, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG. Dietary Fatty Acids Amplify Inflammatory Responses to Infection through p38 MAPK Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:554-568. [PMID: 30648905 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0215oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for severe asthma exacerbations, which are mainly caused by respiratory infections. Dietary fatty acids, which are increased systemically in obese patients and are further increased after high-fat meals, affect the innate immune system and may contribute to dysfunctional immune responses to respiratory infection. In this study we investigated the effects of dietary fatty acids on immune responses to respiratory infection in pulmonary fibroblasts and a bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Cells were challenged with BSA-conjugated fatty acids (ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs], ω-3 PUFAs, or saturated fatty acids [SFAs]) +/- the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) or bacterial compound lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and release of proinflammatory cytokines was measured. In both cell types, challenge with arachidonic acid (AA) (ω-6 PUFA) and poly(I:C) or LTA led to substantially greater IL-6 and CXCL8 release than either challenge alone, demonstrating synergy. In epithelial cells, palmitic acid (SFA) combined with poly(I:C) also led to greater IL-6 release. The underlying signaling pathways of AA and poly(I:C)- or LTA-induced cytokine release were examined using specific signaling inhibitors and IB. Cytokine production in pulmonary fibroblasts was prostaglandin dependent, and synergistic upregulation occurred via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, whereas cytokine production in bronchial epithelial cell lines was mainly mediated through JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. We confirmed these findings using rhinovirus infection, demonstrating that AA enhances rhinovirus-induced cytokine release. This study suggests that during respiratory infection, increased levels of dietary ω-6 PUFAs and SFAs may lead to more severe airway inflammation and may contribute to and/or increase the severity of asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rutting
- 1 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,2 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Razia Zakarya
- 1 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,3 School of Life Sciences and
| | - Jack Bozier
- 1 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,3 School of Life Sciences and
| | - Dia Xenaki
- 1 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- 2 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- 2 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 2 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,5 University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, Australia; and.,4 Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- 1 Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,3 School of Life Sciences and
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50
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Das EC, Kumary TV, Anil Kumar PR, Komath M. Calcium sulfate-based bioactive cement for periodontal regeneration: An In Vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:558-567. [PMID: 31745053 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_12_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Various types of osteoconductive graft materials are used for the management of alveolar bone defects arising out of periodontal disease. Inorganic, self-setting, bioactive bone cements are suggested to be most appropriate because they can conformally fill the bone defect and resorb progressively along with the regeneration of the host site. A new calcium sulfate-based bioactive bone cement (BioCaS) is developed, having simplicity and effectiveness for bone grafting applications. The response of primary human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells to this material is investigated through in vitro cell culture model so as to qualify it for the repair of periodontal infrabony defects. Method The BioCaS was designed as powder-liquid combination with in-house synthesized high purity calcium sulfate hemihydrate incorporating hydrogen orthophosphate ions. hPDL cells were isolated, cultured and characterized using optimized primary cell culture techniques. The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the BioCaS samples were evaluated using the hPDL cells, with hydroxyapatite ceramic material as control. Osteogenic differentiation of the hPDL cells in presence of BioCaS was also evaluated using Alizarin red staining, Alizarin red assay, Von Kossa staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Results The primary cell culture techniques yielded a healthy population of periodontal ligament cells, with fibroblast morphology and characteristic marker expressions. The hPDL cells exhibited good viability, adhesion and spreading to the BioCaS cement in comparison to sintered hydroxyapatite. In addition, the cells differentiated to osteogenic lineage in the presence of the BioCaS cement, without extraneous osteogenic supplements, confirming the inherent bioactivity of the cement. Conclusion The new BioCaS cement is a potential candidate for the repair of periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Das
- Division of Bioceramics, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T V Kumary
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj Komath
- Division of Bioceramics, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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