1
|
Cong H, Li C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma D, Li L, Jiang J. The Mechanism of Transcription Factor Swi6 in Regulating Growth and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis fimbriata: Insights from Non-Targeted Metabolomics. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2666. [PMID: 38004677 PMCID: PMC10673406 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceratocystis fimbriata (C. fimbriata) is a notorious pathogenic fungus that causes sweet potato black rot disease. The APSES transcription factor Swi6 in fungi is located downstream of the cell wall integrity (CWI)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and has been identified to be involved in cell wall integrity and virulence in several filamentous pathogenic fungi. However, the specific mechanisms by which Swi6 regulates the growth and pathogenicity of plant pathogenic fungi remain elusive. In this study, the SWI6 deletion mutants and complemented strains of C. fimbriata were generated. Deletion of Swi6 in C. fimbriata resulted in aberrant growth patterns. Pathogenicity assays on sweet potato storage roots revealed a significant decrease in virulence in the mutant. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis using LC-MS identified a total of 692 potential differentially accumulated metabolites (PDAMs) in the ∆Cfswi6 mutant compared to the wild type, and the results of KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of PDAMs within various metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, GPI-anchored protein synthesis, and ABC transporter metabolism. These metabolic pathways were believed to play a crucial role in mediating the growth and pathogenicity of C. fimbriata through the regulation of CWI. Firstly, the deletion of the SWI6 gene led to abnormal amino acid and lipid metabolism, potentially exacerbating energy storage imbalance. Secondly, significant enrichment of metabolites related to GPI-anchored protein biosynthesis implied compromised cell wall integrity. Lastly, disruption of ABC transport protein metabolism may hinder intracellular transmembrane transport. Importantly, this study represents the first investigation into the potential regulatory mechanisms of SWI6 in plant filamentous pathogenic fungi from a metabolic perspective. The findings provide novel insights into the role of SWI6 in the growth and virulence of C. fimbriata, highlighting its potential as a target for controlling this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (H.C.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Changgen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (H.C.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (H.C.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (H.C.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Daifu Ma
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sweet Potato Research Institute, Xuzhou 221131, China;
| | - Lianwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (H.C.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; (H.C.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu P, Liu Y, Zhu X, Kang H. ABCC Transporter Gene MoABC-R1 Is Associated with Pyraclostrobin Tolerance in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:917. [PMID: 37755025 PMCID: PMC10532721 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice blast is a worldwide fungal disease that poses a threat to food security. Fungicide treatment is one of the most effective methods to control rice blast disease. However, the emergence of fungicide tolerance hampers the control efforts against rice blast. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been found to be crucial in multidrug tolerance in various phytopathogenic fungi. This study investigated the association between polymorphisms in 50 ABC transporters and pyraclostrobin sensitivity in 90 strains of rice blast fungus. As a result, we identified MoABC-R1, a gene associated with fungicide tolerance. MoABC-R1 belongs to the ABCC-type transporter families. Deletion mutants of MoABC-R1, abc-r1, exhibited high sensitivity to pyraclostrobin at the concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of abc-r1 was significantly diminished. These findings indicate that MoABC-R1 not only plays a pivotal role in fungicide tolerance but also regulates the pathogenicity of rice blast. Interestingly, the combination of MoABC-R1 deletion with fungicide treatment resulted in a three-fold increase in control efficiency against rice blast. This discovery highlights MoABC-R1 as a potential target gene for the management of rice blast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (P.H.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Unmasking of CgYor1-Dependent Azole Resistance Mediated by Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and Calcineurin Signaling in Candida glabrata. mBio 2022; 13:e0354521. [PMID: 35038899 PMCID: PMC8764518 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03545-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 18 predicted membrane-localized ABC transporters of Candida glabrata were deleted individually to create a minilibrary of knockouts (KO). The transporter KOs were analyzed for their susceptibility toward antimycotic drugs. Although CgYOR1 has previously been reported to be upregulated in various azole-resistant clinical isolates of C. glabrata, deletion of this gene did not change the susceptibility to any of the tested azoles. Additionally, Cgyor1Δ showed no change in susceptibility toward oligomycin, which is otherwise a well-known substrate of Yor1 in other yeasts. The role of CgYor1 in azole susceptibility only became evident when the major transporter CgCDR1 gene was deleted. However, under nitrogen-depleted conditions, Cgyor1Δ demonstrated an azole-susceptible phenotype, independent of CgCdr1. Notably, Cgyor1Δ cells also showed increased susceptibility to target of rapamycin (TOR) and calcineurin inhibitors. Moreover, increased phytoceramide levels in Cgyor1Δ and the deletions of regulators downstream of TOR and the calcineurin signaling cascade (Cgypk1Δ, Cgypk2Δ, Cgckb1Δ, and Cgckb2Δ) in the Cgyor1Δ background and their associated fluconazole (FLC) susceptibility phenotypes confirmed their involvement. Collectively, our findings show that TOR and calcineurin signaling govern CgYor1-mediated azole susceptibility in C. glabrata. IMPORTANCE The increasing incidence of Candida glabrata infections in the last 40 years is a serious concern worldwide. These infections are usually associated with intrinsic azole resistance and increasing echinocandin resistance. Efflux pumps, especially ABC transporter upregulation, are one of the prominent mechanisms of azole resistance; however, only a few of them are characterized. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms of azole resistance due to a multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily ABC transporter, CgYor1. We demonstrate for the first time that CgYor1 does not transport oligomycin but is involved in azole resistance. Under normal growing conditions its function is masked by major transporter CgCdr1; however, under nitrogen-depleted conditions, it displays its azole resistance function independently. Moreover, we propose that the azole susceptibility due to removal of CgYor1 is not due to its transport function but involves modulation of TOR and calcineurin cascades.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dakheel KH, Abdul Rahim R, Al-Obaidi JR, Neela VK, Hun TG, Mat Isa MN, Razali N, Yusoff K. Proteomic analysis revealed the biofilm-degradation abilities of the bacteriophage UPMK_1 and UPMK_2 against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:513-522. [PMID: 35122191 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The degradation activity of two bacteriophages UPMK_1 and UPMK_2 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus phages were examined using gel zymography. METHODS The analysis was done using BLASTP to detect peptides catalytic domains. Many peptides that are related to several phage proteins were revealed. RESULTS UPMK_1 and UPMK_2 custom sequence database were used for peptide identification. The biofilm-degrading proteins in the bacteriophage UPMK_2 revealed the same lytic activity towards polysaccharide intercellular adhesin-dependent and independent of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm producers in comparison to UPMK_1, which had lytic activity restricted solely to its host. CONCLUSION Both bacteriophage enzymes were involved in MRSA biofilm degradation during phage infection and they have promising enzybiotics properties against MRSA biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khulood Hamid Dakheel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Palestine Street, PO Box 14022, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jameel R Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Vasantha Kumari Neela
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tan Geok Hun
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Mat Isa
- Malaysia Genome Institute (MGI), Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhanani Razali
- Membranology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-kun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khunweeraphong N, Kuchler K. Multidrug Resistance in Mammals and Fungi-From MDR to PDR: A Rocky Road from Atomic Structures to Transport Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4806. [PMID: 33946618 PMCID: PMC8124828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) can be a serious complication for the treatment of cancer as well as for microbial and parasitic infections. Dysregulated overexpression of several members of the ATP-binding cassette transporter families have been intimately linked to MDR phenomena. Three paradigm ABC transporter members, ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP1) and ABCG2 (BCRP) appear to act as brothers in arms in promoting or causing MDR in a variety of therapeutic cancer settings. However, their molecular mechanisms of action, the basis for their broad and overlapping substrate selectivity, remains ill-posed. The rapidly increasing numbers of high-resolution atomic structures from X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM of mammalian ABC multidrug transporters initiated a new era towards a better understanding of structure-function relationships, and for the dynamics and mechanisms driving their transport cycles. In addition, the atomic structures offered new evolutionary perspectives in cases where transport systems have been structurally conserved from bacteria to humans, including the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) family in fungal pathogens for which high resolution structures are as yet unavailable. In this review, we will focus the discussion on comparative mechanisms of mammalian ABCG and fungal PDR transporters, owing to their close evolutionary relationships. In fact, the atomic structures of ABCG2 offer excellent models for a better understanding of fungal PDR transporters. Based on comparative structural models of ABCG transporters and fungal PDRs, we propose closely related or even conserved catalytic cycles, thus offering new therapeutic perspectives for preventing MDR in infectious disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumari S, Kumar M, Gaur NA, Prasad R. Multiple roles of ABC transporters in yeast. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 150:103550. [PMID: 33675986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, first discovered as high-affinity nutrient importers in bacteria, rose to prominence when their ability to confer multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancer cells was realized. The most characterized human permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) is a dominant exporter of anti-cancer drugs and its overexpression is directly linked to MDR. The overexpression of drug efflux pumps belonging to the ABC superfamily is also a frequent cause of resistance to antifungals. Fungi has a battery of ABC proteins, but in variable numbers and at different subcellular locations. These proteins perform many critical functions, from serving as gatekeepers for xenobiotic cleansing to translocating various structurally unrelated cargoes, including lipids, fatty acids, ions, peptides, sterols, metabolites and toxins. Their emerging additional roles in cellular physiology and virulence call for attention to analyze and re-examine their divergent functions in yeast. In brief, this review traces the history of ABC transporters in yeast and discusses their typical physiological functions that go beyond their well-known role as antifungal drug efflux pumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Kumari
- Yeast Biofuel Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Yeast Biofuel Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Gurgaon, 122413 Haryana, India
| | - Naseem A Gaur
- Yeast Biofuel Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Gurgaon, 122413 Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Víglaš J, Olejníková P. An update on ABC transporters of filamentous fungi - from physiological substrates to xenobiotics. Microbiol Res 2021; 246:126684. [PMID: 33529790 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a large family of proteins with a wide substrate repertoire and range of functions. The main role of these proteins is in the transportation of different molecules across biological membranes. Due to the broad range of substrates, ABC transporters can transport not only natural metabolites but also various xenobiotics, including antifungal compounds, which makes some ABC transporters key players in antifungal resistance. Alternatively, ABC proteins without transport function seem to be essential for fungal cell viability. In this work, we review the individual subfamilies of ABC transporters in filamentous fungi regarding physiological substrates, clinical and agricultural significance. Subfamilies are defined using well-studied transporters in yeast, which may help to clarify their role in filamentous fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Víglaš
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Z, Ma T, Huang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Kistler HC, Ma Z, Yin Y. A fungal ABC transporter FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007791. [PMID: 31545842 PMCID: PMC6788720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is important for growth, reproduction and other metabolic processes in all eukaryotes. However, the functions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in iron homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we found that one ABC transporter (named FgAtm1) is involved in regulating iron homeostasis, by screening sensitivity to iron stress for 60 ABC transporter mutants of Fusarium graminearum, a devastating fungal pathogen of small grain cereal crops worldwide. The lack of FgAtm1 reduces the activity of cytosolic Fe-S proteins nitrite reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase, which causes high expression of FgHapX via activating transcription factor FgAreA. FgHapX represses transcription of genes for iron-consuming proteins directly but activates genes for iron acquisition proteins by suppressing another iron regulator FgSreA. In addition, the transcriptional activity of FgHapX is regulated by the monothiol glutaredoxin FgGrx4. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of FgHapX, mediated by the Ser/Thr kinase FgYak1, is required for its functions in iron homeostasis. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis mediated by an ABC transporter in an important pathogenic fungus. Essential element iron plays important roles in many cellular processes in all organisms. The function of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Atm1 in iron homeostasis has been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study found that FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX in F. graminearum and the function of FgHapX is dependent on its interaction with FgGrx4 and phosphorylation by the Ser/Thr kinase FgYak1. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis in an important plant pathogenic fungus, and advances our understanding in iron homeostasis and functions of ABC transporters in eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H. Corby Kistler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YY)
| | - Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YY)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Staniszewska M, Gizińska M, Kazek M, de Jesús González-Hernández R, Ochal Z, Mora-Montes HM. New antifungal 4-chloro-3-nitrophenyldifluoroiodomethyl sulfone reduces the Candida albicans pathogenicity in the Galleria mellonella model organism. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:5-14. [PMID: 31486049 PMCID: PMC7058776 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans represents an interesting microorganism to study complex host-pathogen interactions and for the development of effective antifungals. Our goal was to assess the efficacy of 4-chloro-3-nitrophenyldifluoroiodomethyl sulfone (named Sulfone) against the C. albicans infections in the Galleria mellonella host model. We assessed invasiveness of CAI4 parental strain and mutants: kex2Δ/KEX2 and kex2Δ/kex2Δ in G. mellonella treated with Sulfone. We determined that KEX2 expression was altered following Sulfone treatment in G. mellonella-C. albicans infection model. Infection with kex2Δ/kex2Δ induced decreased inflammation and minimal fault in fitness of larvae vs CAI4. Fifty percent of larvae died within 4–5 days (P value < 0.0001) when infected with CAI4 and kex2Δ/KEX2 at 109 CFU/mL; survival reached 100% in those injected with kex2Δ/kex2Δ. Larvae treated with Sulfone at 0.01 mg/kg 30 min before infection with all C. albicans tested survived infection at 90–100% vs C. albicans infected-PBS-treated larvae. Hypersensitive to Sulfone, kex2Δ/kex2Δ reduced virulence in survival. KEX2 was down-regulated when larvae were treated with Sulfone: 30 min before and 2 h post-SC5314-wild-type infection respectively. kex2Δ/kex2Δ was able to infect larvae, but failed to kill host when treated with Sulfone. Sulfone can be used to prevent or treat candidiasis. G. mellonella facilitates studding of host-pathogen interactions, i.e., testing host vs panel of C. albicans mutants when antifungal is dosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Staniszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Michalina Kazek
- Laboratory of Physiology, The Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roberto de Jesús González-Hernández
- Departamento de Biologia, Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Zbigniew Ochal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biologia, Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rizzo J, Stanchev LD, da Silva VK, Nimrichter L, Pomorski TG, Rodrigues ML. Role of lipid transporters in fungal physiology and pathogenicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1278-1289. [PMID: 31921394 PMCID: PMC6944739 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall and membrane are the most common targets of antifungal agents, but the potential of membrane lipid organization in regulating drug-target interactions has yet to be investigated. Energy-dependent lipid transporters have been recently associated with virulence and drug resistance in many pathogenic fungi. To illustrate this view, we discuss (i) the structural and biological aspects of ATP-driven lipid transporters, comprising P-type ATPases and ATP-binding cassette transporters, (ii) the role of these transporters in fungal physiology and virulence, and (iii) the potential of lipid transporters as targets for the development of novel antifungals. These recent observations indicate that the lipid-trafficking machinery in fungi is a promising target for studies on physiology, pathogenesis and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyubomir Dimitrov Stanchev
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Vanessa K.A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C,Denmark
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wasi M, Khandelwal NK, Moorhouse AJ, Nair R, Vishwakarma P, Bravo Ruiz G, Ross ZK, Lorenz A, Rudramurthy SM, Chakrabarti A, Lynn AM, Mondal AK, Gow NAR, Prasad R. ABC Transporter Genes Show Upregulated Expression in Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Candida auris: A Genome-Wide Characterization of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Genes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1445. [PMID: 31379756 PMCID: PMC6647914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily members have a key role as nutrient importers and exporters in bacteria. However, their role as drug exporters in eukaryotes brought this superfamily member to even greater prominence. The capacity of ABC transporters to efflux a broad spectrum of xenobiotics represents one of the major mechanisms of clinical multidrug resistance in pathogenic fungi including Candida species. Candida auris, a newly emerged multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen of humans, has been responsible for multiple outbreaks of drug-resistant infections in hospitals around the globe. Our study has analyzed the entire complement of ABC superfamily transporters to assess whether these play a major role in drug resistance mechanisms of C. auris. Our bioinformatics analyses identified 28 putative ABC proteins encoded in the genome of the C. auris type-strain CBS 10913T; 20 of which contain transmembrane domains (TMDs). Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the expression of all 20 TMD transporters, underlining their potential in contributing to the C. auris drug-resistant phenotype. Changes in transcript levels after short-term exposure of drugs and in drug-resistant C. auris isolates suggested their importance in the drug resistance phenotype of this pathogen. CAUR_02725 orthologous to CDR1, a major multidrug exporter in other yeasts, showed consistently higher expression in multidrug-resistant strains of C. auris. Homologs of other ABC transporter genes, such as CDR4, CDR6, and SNQ2, also displayed raised expression in a sub-set of clinical isolates. Together, our analysis supports the involvement of these transporters in multidrug resistance in C. auris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Wasi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Remya Nair
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Gurugram, Gurgaon, India
| | - Poonam Vishwakarma
- School of Computational and Integrative Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gustavo Bravo Ruiz
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe K. Ross
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Lorenz
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Andrew M. Lynn
- School of Computational and Integrative Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok K. Mondal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Gurugram, Gurgaon, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prasad R, Nair R, Banerjee A. Multidrug transporters of Candida species in clinical azole resistance. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103252. [PMID: 31302289 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of the human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in tumor cells is a classic example of an ABC protein serving as a hindrance to effective chemotherapy. The existence of proteins homologous to P-gp in organisms encompassing the entire living kingdom highlights extrusion of drugs as a general mechanism of multidrug resistance. Infections caused by opportunistic human fungal pathogens such as Candida species are very common and has intensified in recent years. The typical hosts, who possess suppressed immune systems due to conditions such as HIV and transplantation surgery etc., are prone to fungal infections. Prolonged chemotherapy induces fungal cells to eventually develop tolerance to most of the antifungals currently in clinical use. Amongst other prominent mechanisms of antifungal resistance such as manipulation of the drug target, rapid efflux achieved through overexpression of multidrug transporters has emerged as a major resistance mechanism for azoles. Herein, the azole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida species utilize a few select efflux pump proteins belonging to the ABC and MFS superfamilies, to deter the toxic accumulation of therapeutic azoles and thus, facilitating cell survival. In this article, we summarize and discuss the clinically relevant mechanisms of azole resistance in Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, specifically highlighting the role of multidrug efflux proteins in the phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Remya Nair
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Atanu Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vacuolar Sequestration of Azoles, a Novel Strategy of Azole Antifungal Resistance Conserved across Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Yeast. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01347-18. [PMID: 30642932 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01347-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Target alteration and overproduction and drug efflux through overexpression of multidrug transporters localized in the plasma membrane represent the conventional mechanisms of azole antifungal resistance. Here, we identify a novel conserved mechanism of azole resistance not only in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae but also in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans We observed that the vacuolar-membrane-localized, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) subfamily, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter of S. cerevisiae, Ybt1, could import azoles into vacuoles. Interestingly, the Ybt1 homologue in C. albicans, Mlt1p, could also fulfill this function. Evidence that the process is energy dependent comes from the finding that a Mlt1p mutant version made by converting a critical lysine residue in the Walker A motif of nucleotide-binding domain 1 (required for ATP hydrolysis) to alanine (K710A) was not able to transport azoles. Additionally, we have shown that, as for other eukaryotic MRP subfamily members, deletion of the conserved phenylalanine amino acid at position 765 (F765Δ) results in mislocalization of the Mlt1 protein; this mislocalized protein was devoid of the azole-resistant attribute. This finding suggests that the presence of this protein on vacuolar membranes is an important factor in azole resistance. Further, we report the importance of conserved residues, because conversion of two serines (positions 973 and 976, in the regulatory domain and in the casein kinase I [CKI] consensus sequence, respectively) to alanine severely affected the drug resistance. Hence, the present study reveals vacuolar sequestration of azoles by the ABC transporter Ybt1 and its homologue Mlt1 as an alternative strategy to circumvent drug toxicity among pathogenic and nonpathogenic yeasts.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wasi M, Khandelwal NK, Vishwakarma P, Lynn AM, Mondal AK, Prasad R. Inventory of ABC proteins and their putative role in salt and drug tolerance in Debaryomyces hansenii. Gene 2018; 676:227-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
15
|
Khandelwal NK, Sarkar P, Gaur NA, Chattopadhyay A, Prasad R. Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase governs plasma membrane fluidity and impacts drug susceptibilities of Candida albicans cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2308-2319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Prasad R, Balzi E, Banerjee A, Khandelwal NK. All about CDR transporters: Past, present, and future. Yeast 2018; 36:223-233. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology and Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and HealthAmity University Haryana Gurgaon India
| | - Elisabetta Balzi
- Unité de Biochimie PhysiologiqueUniversité Catholique de Louvain Ottignies‐Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Atanu Banerjee
- School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
- School of Computational and Integrative SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yin Y, Wang Z, Cheng D, Chen X, Chen Y, Ma Z. The ATP-binding protein FgArb1 is essential for penetration, infectious and normal growth of Fusarium graminearum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1447-1466. [PMID: 29932228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters act mainly to transport compounds across cellular membranes and are important for diverse biological processes. However, their roles in pathogenesis have not been well-characterized in Fusarium graminearum. Sixty F. graminearum ABC protein genes were functionally characterized. Among them, FgArb1 regulates normal growth and importantly is essential for pathogenicity. Thus, the regulatory mechanisms of FgArb1 in pathogenicity were analyzed in this study. FgArb1 interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) FgSte7, and partially modulates plant penetration by regulating the phosphorylation of FgGpmk1 (the downstream kinase of FgSte7). The FgArb1 mutant exhibited dramatically reduced infective growth within wounded host tissues, likely resulting from its increased sensitivity to oxidative stresses, defective cell wall integrity and reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) production. FgArb1 also is important for the production of sexual and asexual spores that are important propagules for plant infection. In addition, FgArb1 is involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis through impeding nuclear export of small ribosomal subunit. Finally, acetylation modification at sites K28, K65, K341 and K525 in FgArb1 is required for its biological functions. Taken together, results of this study provide a novel insight into functions of the ABC transporter in fungal pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khandelwal NK, Chauhan N, Sarkar P, Esquivel BD, Coccetti P, Singh A, Coste AT, Gupta M, Sanglard D, White TC, Chauvel M, d'Enfert C, Chattopadhyay A, Gaur NA, Mondal AK, Prasad R. Azole resistance in a Candida albicans mutant lacking the ABC transporter CDR6/ROA1 depends on TOR signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:412-432. [PMID: 29158264 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters help export various substrates across the cell membrane and significantly contribute to drug resistance. However, a recent study reported an unusual case in which the loss of an ABC transporter in Candida albicans, orf19.4531 (previously named ROA1), increases resistance against antifungal azoles, which was attributed to an altered membrane potential in the mutant strain. To obtain further mechanistic insights into this phenomenon, here we confirmed that the plasma membrane-localized transporter (renamed CDR6/ROA1 for consistency with C. albicans nomenclature) could efflux xenobiotics such as berberine, rhodamine 123, and paraquat. Moreover, a CDR6/ROA1 null mutant, NKKY101, displayed increased susceptibility to these xenobiotics. Interestingly, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) results indicated that NKKY101 mutant cells exhibited increased plasma membrane rigidity, resulting in reduced azole accumulation and contributing to azole resistance. Transcriptional profiling revealed that ribosome biogenesis genes were significantly up-regulated in the NKKY101 mutant. As ribosome biogenesis is a well-known downstream phenomenon of target of rapamycin (TOR1) signaling, we suspected a link between ribosome biogenesis and TOR1 signaling in NKKY101. Therefore, we grew NKKY101 cells on rapamycin and observed TOR1 hyperactivation, which leads to Hsp90-dependent calcineurin stabilization and thereby increased azole resistance. This in vitro finding was supported by in vivo data from a mouse model of systemic infection in which NKKY101 cells led to higher fungal load after fluconazole challenge than wild-type cells. Taken together, our study uncovers a mechanism of azole resistance in C. albicans, involving increased membrane rigidity and TOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar Khandelwal
- From the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India, and
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Brooke D Esquivel
- the School of Biological Sciences, Cell Biology, and Biophysics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Paola Coccetti
- the Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- From the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,the Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alix T Coste
- the Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Rue du Bugnon 48, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Meghna Gupta
- From the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- the Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Rue du Bugnon 48, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Theodore C White
- the School of Biological Sciences, Cell Biology, and Biophysics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Murielle Chauvel
- the Département Génomes et Génétique, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, INRA, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe d'Enfert
- the Département Génomes et Génétique, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, INRA, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Naseem A Gaur
- the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India, and
| | - Alok Kumar Mondal
- From the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- From the School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India, .,the Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Gurgaon-122413, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferreira GF, Santos DA. Heteroresistance and fungi. Mycoses 2017; 60:562-568. [PMID: 28660647 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The concept of heteroresistance refers to the heterogeneous susceptibility to an antimicrobial drug in a microorganism population, meaning that some clones may be resistant and others are susceptible. This phenomenon has been widely studied in bacteria, but little attention has been given to its expression in fungi. We review the available literature on heteroresistance in fungi and invite the reader to recognise this phenomenon as a fungal mechanism to adapt to environmental stress, which may interfere both in resistance and virulence. Finally, heteroresistance may explain the treatment failures to eradicate mycosis in some patients treated with a seemingly appropriate antifungal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella F Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Governador Valadares, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nair R, Shariq M, Dhamgaye S, Mukhopadhyay CK, Shaikh S, Prasad R. Non-heat shock responsive roles of HSF1 in Candida albicans are essential under iron deprivation and drug defense. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:345-354. [PMID: 27889440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that the conditional mutant of the heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) in Candida albicans displays enhanced susceptibility not only towards a plant alkaloid, berberine, but also to diverse antifungal drugs. The present study attempts to identify additional phenotypes highlighting the non-heat shock responsive roles of HSF1 that could be correlated with the enhanced drug susceptibility. We uncover an intricate relationship between cellular iron and HSF1 mediated drug susceptibility of C. albicans. Interestingly, at 30°C, the conditional deletion of HSF1 while presented no growth defect, exhibited low intracellular iron. Notably, exogenous supplementation of iron reversed growth defects of HSF1 mutant when grown at 37°C. We provide evidence that the HSF1 mutant presents interesting phenotypes at basal conditions and are implicated in enhanced drug susceptibilities, dysfunctional mitochondria, decreased resistance towards oxidative stress and compromised cell wall integrity, all of which could be fully reversed upon iron supplementation. The HSF1 mutant also displayed defective filamentation at basal conditions under various solid hypha inducing media. Further, chelation of iron of HSF1 mutant cells led to severe growth defects and apparently triggers an iron starvation signal in the cell thus, demonstrating that HSF1 is essential for C. albicans cells to tolerate the iron deprivation stress. Together, apart from the well-established roles of HSF1 in reciprocation of thermal stress, this study extends its role under basal conditions and provides molecular insights into the role of HSF1 in iron deprivation and drug defense of C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Nair
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India; School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Shamim Shaikh
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT & Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Gurgaon, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yeast ABC transporters in lipid trafficking. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 93:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|