1
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Silswal A, Pramanik A, Koner AL. Dual role far red fluorescent molecular rotor for decoding the plasma membrane and mitochondrial viscosity. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:489-499. [PMID: 38099442 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02346j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The dysfunctions in the mitochondria are associated with various pathological conditions like neurodegeneration, metabolic disorder, and cancer, leading to dysregulated cell death. Here, we have designed and synthesized a julolidine-based molecular rotor (JMT) to target mitochondria with far-red emission accounting for mitochondrial dysfunction. JMT showed viscosity sensitivity with 160-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity. The origin of the dark state in a lower viscous environment was investigated through density functional calculations. We have employed JMT to monitor mitochondrial dysfunction induced by nystatin using confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Further, we investigated mitochondrial abnormalities under inflammatory conditions triggered by lipopolysaccharide in live HeLa cells. The cellular uptake mechanisms of JMT were studied using various endocytosis inhibitors. Moreover, we reported tracking small fluorescent molecule switching from mitochondria to the plasma membrane upon introducing mitochondrial depolarizer in cells. On treating the mitochondria potential uncoupler, JMT relocates to the cell membrane and can be utilized for understanding the interplay between mitochondria and cell membranes. Moreover, JMT was applied to stain the RBC plasma membrane isolated from human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Silswal
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal-723104, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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2
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Fu C, Cao N, Zeng S, Zhu W, Fu X, Liu W, Fan S. Role of mitochondria in the regulation of ferroptosis and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1301822. [PMID: 38155662 PMCID: PMC10753798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1301822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by significant ultrastructural changes in mitochondria. Given the crucial involvement of mitochondria in various cellular processes such as reactive oxygen species production, energy metabolism, redox status, and iron metabolism, mounting evidence suggests a vital role of mitochondria in the regulation and execution of ferroptosis. Furthermore, there exists a strong correlation between ferroptosis and various diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms underlying the induction and defense of ferroptosis, emphasizing the influence of mitochondria on this intricate process. Additionally, we provide an overview of the role of ferroptosis in disease, particularly cancer, and elucidate the mechanisms by which drugs targeting mitochondria impact ferroptosis. By presenting a theoretical foundation and reference point, this review aims to contribute to both basic cell biology research and the investigation of clinically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Abazari O, Shakibaee A, Shahriary A, Arabzadeh E, Hofmeister M. Hepatoprotective effects of moderate-intensity interval training along with ginger juice in an old male rat model. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:437-452. [PMID: 36692542 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process coupled with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, gradually associated with losing organ function over time. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to peruse the protective effects of 8-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) and ginger extract supplementation on some biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in the liver of elderly males Wistar rats (animal study with ethical code IR.BMSU.REC.1401.015). A total of thirty-two 22-month-aged male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) control, (2) MIIT, (3) ginger, and (4) MIIT + ginger. After 8 weeks of treadmill training and ginger extract supplementation, the biochemical parameters (liver enzyme and lipid profile), inflammatory mediators (leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6), pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde), antioxidant biomarkers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity), some lipid metabolism regulators (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, CD36, and AMP-activated protein kinase), and liver histopathological changes were appraised. The acquired findings pointed out that MIIT combined with ginger extract appreciably diminished the serum levels of LRG1, liver enzymes, and lipid profile relative to the other groups after 8 weeks of intervention. Furthermore, ginger + MIIT caused a great improvement in the liver levels of antioxidant biomarkers, pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, lipid metabolism regulators, and liver tissue impairment compared to the other groups. The findings suggested that MIIT + ginger was more effective in improving examined indices relative to the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Abazari
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Consumer Centre of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
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4
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Sarkar P, Kumar A, Behera PS, Thirumurugan K. Phytotherapeutic targeting of the mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:415-455. [PMID: 37437986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by degeneration or cellular atrophy within specific structures of the brain. Neurons are the major target of neurodegeneration. Neurons utilize 75-80% of the energy produced in the brain. This energy is either formed by utilizing the glucose provided by the cerebrovascular blood flow or by the in-house energy producers, mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. But recently it has been noticed that neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral blood flow requires vasodilation which to an extent regulated by mitochondria. We hypothesize that when mitochondrial functioning is disrupted, it is not able to supply energy to the neurons. This disruption also affects cerebral blood flow, further reducing the possibilities of energy supply. Loss of sufficient energy leads to neuronal dysfunction, atrophy, and degeneration. In this chapter, we will discuss the metabolic modifications of mitochondria in aging-related neurological disorders and the potential of phytocompounds targeting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarkar
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Behera
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Devall M, Soanes DM, Smith AR, Dempster EL, Smith RG, Burrage J, Iatrou A, Hannon E, Troakes C, Moore K, O'Neill P, Al-Sarraj S, Schalkwyk L, Mill J, Weedon M, Lunnon K. Genome-wide characterization of mitochondrial DNA methylation in human brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1059120. [PMID: 36726473 PMCID: PMC9885148 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1059120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in the role of DNA methylation in regulating the transcription of mitochondrial genes, particularly in brain disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we present a novel approach to interrogate the mitochondrial DNA methylome at single base resolution using targeted bisulfite sequencing. We applied this method to investigate mitochondrial DNA methylation patterns in post-mortem superior temporal gyrus and cerebellum brain tissue from seven human donors. Results We show that mitochondrial DNA methylation patterns are relatively low but conserved, with peaks in DNA methylation at several sites, such as within the D-LOOP and the genes MT-ND2, MT-ATP6, MT-ND4, MT-ND5 and MT-ND6, predominantly in a non-CpG context. The elevated DNA methylation we observe in the D-LOOP we validate using pyrosequencing. We identify loci that show differential DNA methylation patterns associated with age, sex and brain region. Finally, we replicate previously reported differentially methylated regions between brain regions from a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing study. Conclusions We have annotated patterns of DNA methylation at single base resolution across the mitochondrial genome in human brain samples. Looking to the future this approach could be utilized to investigate the role of mitochondrial epigenetic mechanisms in disorders that display mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Devall
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Darren M Soanes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Adam R Smith
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Dempster
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca G Smith
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Burrage
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Artemis Iatrou
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eilis Hannon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Troakes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Moore
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul O'Neill
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Schalkwyk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weedon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lunnon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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6
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Sun J, Lo HTJ, Fan L, Yiu TL, Shakoor A, Li G, Lee WYW, Sun D. High-efficiency quantitative control of mitochondrial transfer based on droplet microfluidics and its application on muscle regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9245. [PMID: 35977014 PMCID: PMC9385153 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer is a spontaneous process to restore damaged cells in various pathological conditions. The transfer of mitochondria to cell therapy products before their administration can enhance therapeutic outcomes. However, the low efficiency of previously reported methods limits their clinical application. Here, we developed a droplet microfluidics-based mitochondrial transfer technique that can achieve high-efficiency and high-throughput quantitative mitochondrial transfer to single cells. Because mitochondria are essential for muscles, myoblast cells and a muscle injury model were used as a proof-of-concept model to evaluate the proposed technique. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that C2C12 cells with 31 transferred mitochondria had significant improvements in cellular functions compared to those with 0, 8, and 14 transferred mitochondria and also had better therapeutic effects on muscle regeneration. The proposed technique can considerably promote the clinical application of mitochondrial transfer, with optimized cell function improvements, for the cell therapy of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Tung Jessica Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Lam Yiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adnan Shakoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Y. W. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Centre of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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7
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Song FH, Liu DQ, Zhou YQ, Mei W. SIRT1: A promising therapeutic target for chronic pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:818-828. [PMID: 35396903 PMCID: PMC9062570 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains an unresolved problem. Current treatments have limited efficacy. Thus, novel therapeutic targets are urgently required for the development of more effective analgesics. An increasing number of studies have proved that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) agonists can relieve chronic pain. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the roles and mechanisms of SIRT1 in mediating chronic pain associated with peripheral nerve injury, chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord injury, bone cancer, and complete Freund's adjuvant injection. Emerging studies have indicated that SIRT1 activation may exert positive effects on chronic pain relief by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, SIRT1 agonists may serve as potential therapeutic drugs for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-He Song
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Zhao W, Guo F, Kong L, Liu J, Hong X, Jiang Z, Song H, Cui X, Ruan J, Liu X. Yeast YPK9 deficiency results in shortened replicative lifespan and sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Biogerontology 2021; 22:547-563. [PMID: 34524607 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
YPK9/YOR291W of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a vacuolar membrane protein. Previous research has suggested that Ypk9p is similar to the yeast P5-type ATPase Spf1p and that it plays a role in the sequestration of heavy metals. In addition, bioinformatics analysis has suggested that Ypk9p is a homolog of human ATP13A2, which encodes a protein of the subfamily of P5 ATPases. However, no specific function of Ypk9p has been described to date. In this study, we found, for the first time, that YPK9 is involved in the oxidative stress response and modulation of the replicative lifespan (RLS). We found that YPK9 deficiency confers sensitivity to the oxidative stress inducer hydrogen peroxide accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, abnormal mitochondrial function, and increased incidence of early apoptosis in budding yeast. More importantly, YPK9 deficiency can lead to a shortened RLS. In addition, we found that overexpression of the catalase-encoding gene CTA1 can reverse the phenotypic abnormalities of the ypk9Δ yeast strain. Collectively, these findings highlight the involvement of Ypk9p in the oxidative stress response and modulation of RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lingyue Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hong
- Institute of Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Haochang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiaojing Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jie Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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9
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Odnokoz O, Nakatsuka K, Wright C, Castellanos J, Klichko VI, Kretzschmar D, Orr WC, Radyuk SN. Mitochondrial Redox Signaling Is Critical to the Normal Functioning of the Neuronal System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613036. [PMID: 33585478 PMCID: PMC7876342 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to neurodegeneration and is considered one of the main causes of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other age-related diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is tightly linked to oxidative stress and accumulating evidence suggests the association between oxidative stress and neurological disorders. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of pro-oxidative shift in cellular redox and impairment of redox-sensitive signaling in the development of neurodegenerative pathological conditions. To gain a more complete understanding of the relationship between mitochondria, redox status, and neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated the effect of mitochondrial thiol-dependent peroxidases, peroxiredoxins (Prxs), on the physiological characteristics of flies, which change with pathologies such as PD, ALS and during aging. We previously found that through their ability to sense changes in redox and regulate redox-sensitive signaling, Prxs play a critical role in maintaining global thiol homeostasis, preventing age-related apoptosis and chronic activation of the immune response. We also found that the phenotype of flies under-expressing Prxs in mitochondria shares many characteristics with the phenotype of Drosophila models of neurological disorders such as ALS, including impaired locomotor activity and compromised redox balance. Here, we expanded the study and found that under-expression of mitochondrial Prxs leads to behavioral changes associated with neural function, including locomotor ability, sleep-wake behavior, and temperature-sensitive paralysis. We also found that under-expression of mitochondrial Prxs with a motor-neuron-specific driver, D42-GAL4, was a determining factor in the development of the phenotype of shortened lifespan and impaired motor activity in flies. The results of the study suggest a causal link between mitochondrial Prx activity and the development of neurological disorders and pre-mature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Odnokoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kyle Nakatsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Corbin Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jovelyn Castellanos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vladimir I Klichko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William C Orr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Svetlana N Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
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10
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Santos DE, Souza ADO, Tibério GJ, Alberici LC, Hartfelder K. Differential expression of antioxidant system genes in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) caste development mitigates ROS-mediated oxidative damage in queen larvae. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20200173. [PMID: 33306776 PMCID: PMC7783730 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of morphological differences between the castes of social bees is
triggered by dietary regimes that differentially activate nutrient-sensing
pathways and the endocrine system, resulting in differential gene expression
during larval development. In the honey bee, Apis mellifera,
mitochondrial activity in the larval fat body has been postulated as a link that
integrates nutrient-sensing via hypoxia signaling. To understand regulatory
mechanisms in this link, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels,
oxidative damage to proteins, the cellular redox environment, and the expression
of genes encoding antioxidant factors in the fat body of queen and worker
larvae. Despite higher mean H2O2 levels in queens, there
were no differences in ROS-mediated protein carboxylation levels between the two
castes. This can be explained by their higher expression of antioxidant genes
(MnSOD, CuZnSOD, catalase, and
Gst1) and the lower ratio between reduced and oxidized
glutathione (GSH/GSSG). In worker larvae, the GSG/GSSH ratio is elevated and
antioxidant gene expression is delayed. Hence, the higher ROS production
resulting from the higher respiratory metabolism in queen larvae is effectively
counterbalanced by the up-regulation of antioxidant genes, avoiding oxidative
damage. In contrast, the delay in antioxidant gene expression in worker larvae
may explain their endogenous hypoxia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Elias Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Oliveira Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacomini Tibério
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Klaus Hartfelder
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Synergism and Antagonism of Two Distinct, but Confused, Nrf1 Factors in Integral Regulation of the Nuclear-to-Mitochondrial Respiratory and Antioxidant Transcription Networks. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5097109. [PMID: 33376579 PMCID: PMC7744186 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5097109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is hitherto no literature available for explaining two distinct, but confused, Nrf1 transcription factors, because they shared the same abbreviations from nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (also called Nfe2l1) and nuclear respiratory factor (originally designated α-Pal). Thus, we have here identified that Nfe2l1Nrf1 and α-PalNRF1 exert synergistic and antagonistic roles in integrative regulation of the nuclear-to-mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidant transcription profiles. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), knockout of Nfe2l1−/− leads to substantial decreases in expression levels of α-PalNRF1 and Nfe2l2, together with TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A) and other target genes. Similar inhibitory results were determined in Nfe2l2−/− MEFs but with an exception that both GSTa1 and Aldh1a1 were distinguishably upregulated in Nfe2l1−/− MEFs. Such synergistic contributions of Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2 to the positive regulation of α-PalNRF1 and TFAM were validated in Keap1−/− MEFs. However, human α-PalNRF1 expression was unaltered by hNfe2l1α−/−, hNfe2l2-/-ΔTA, or even hNfe2l1α−/−+siNrf2, albeit TFAM was activated by Nfe2l1 but inhibited by Nfe2l2; such an antagonism occurred in HepG2 cells. Conversely, almost all of mouse Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and cotarget genes were downexpressed in α-PalNRF1+/- MEFs. On the contrary, upregulation of human Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and relevant reporter genes took place after silencing of α-PalNRF1, but their downregulation occurred upon ectopic expression of α-PalNRF1. Furtherly, Pitx2 (pituitary homeobox 2) was also identified as a direct upstream regulator of Nfe2l1 and TFAM, besides α-PalNRF1. Overall, these across-talks amongst Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and α-PalNRF1, along with Pitx2, are integrated from the endoplasmic reticulum towards the nuclear-to-mitochondrial communication for targeting TFAM, in order to finely tune the robust balance of distinct cellular oxidative respiratory and antioxidant gene transcription networks, albeit they differ between the mouse and the human. In addition, it is of crucial importance to note that, in view of such mutual interregulation of these transcription factors, much cautions should be severely taken for us to interpret those relevant experimental results obtained from knockout of Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, α-Pal or Pitx2, or their gain-of-functional mutants.
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Luteolin Protects Against CIRI, Potentially via Regulation of the SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2499-2515. [PMID: 32809175 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities accelerate the progression of ischemic brain damage. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is mainly found in mitochondria and affects almost all major aspects of mitochondrial function. Luteolin, a flavonoid with diverse biological properties, including antioxidant activity, inhibition of cell apoptosis and regulation of autophagy. It also modulates the activity of AMP activated kinase and/or sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) by regulating the expression of sirtuins. We investigated the protective effects of luteolin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. It was found through experiments that luteolin reduced the infarcted area of MCAO rat model, and based on the experimental results, it was inferred that luteolin affected the AMPK, mTOR and SIRT3 pathways, thereby protecting brain cells. As expected, we found that luteolin can reduce the neurological function score, the degree of cerebral edema, the cerebral infarction volume, alleviate morphological changes in the cortex and hippocampus, increase neuron survival and decrease the number of apoptotic neurons. At the same time, luteolin significantly reduced the number of GFAP and Iba-1 positive glial cells in the hippocampus while enhanced the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and the activity of SOD in mitochondria. Addtionally, it can also enhance antioxidant capacity via the reversal of mitochondrial swelling and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Moreover, luteolin can increase SIRT3-targeted expression in mitochondria, decrease the phosphorylation of AMPK, and increase phosphor-mTOR (p-mTOR) levels, which may have occurred specifically through activation of the SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR pathway. We speculate that luteolin reduces the pathological progression of CIRI by increasing SIRT3 expression and enhancing mitochondrial function. Therefore, the results indicate that luteolin can increase the transduction of SIRT3, providing a potential mechanism for neuroprotective effects in patients with cerebral ischemia.
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Yi W, Lan H, Wen Y, Wang Y, He D, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Liu B, Shen J, Hu Z. HO-1 overexpression alleviates senescence by inducing autophagy via the mitochondrial route in human nucleus pulposus cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8402-8415. [PMID: 32239675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is closely associated with aging. Our previous studies have confirmed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can inhibit nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis. However, whether or not HO-1 is involved in NP cell senescence and autophagy is unclear. Our results indicated that HO-1 expression was reduced in IDD tissues and replicative senescent NP cells. HO-1 overexpression using a lentiviral vector reduced the NP cell senescence level, protected mitochondrial function, and promoted NP cell autophagy through the mitochondrial pathway. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA pretreatment reversed the anti-senescent and protective effects on the mitochondrial function of HO-1, which promoted the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the intervertebral disc. In vivo, HO-1 overexpression inhibited IDD and enhanced autophagy. In summary, these results suggested that HO-1 overexpression alleviates NP cell senescence by inducing autophagy via the mitochondrial route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Lan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yafeng Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danshuang He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibiao Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieliang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenming Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Andrabi SS, Parvez S, Tabassum H. Ischemic stroke and mitochondria: mechanisms and targets. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:335-343. [PMID: 31612315 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in most countries of the world. The only way of managing patients with ischemic stroke is the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy. However, very few patients receive these treatments as the therapeutic time window is narrow after an ischemic stroke. The paucity of stroke management approaches can only be addressed by identifying new possible therapeutic targets. Mitochondria have been a rare target in the clinical management of stroke. Previous studies have only investigated the bioenergetics and apoptotic roles of this organelle; however, the mitochondrion is now considered as a key organelle that participates in many cellular and molecular functions. This review discusses the mitochondrial mechanisms in cerebral ischemia such as its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and electron transport chain dysfunction. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondria in neural cell death during ischemic stroke might help to design new therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke as well as other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi, 110029, India
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15
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Seok J, Jung HS, Park S, Lee JO, Kim CJ, Kim GJ. Alteration of fatty acid oxidation by increased CPT1A on replicative senescence of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 31900237 PMCID: PMC6941254 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. However, a limited lifespan by senescence through mechanisms that are well unknown is the greatest obstacle. In the present study, we first demonstrated the characterization of replicative senescent PD-MSCs and their possible mitochondrial functional alterations. Methods Human PD-MSCs were cultured to senescent cells for a long period of time. The cells of before passage number 8 were early cells and after passage number 14 were late cells. Also, immortalized cells of PD-MSCs (overexpressed hTERT gene into PD-MSCs) after passage number 14 were positive control of non-senescent cells. The characterization and mitochondria analysis of PD-MSCs were explored with long-term cultivation. Results Long-term cultivation of PD-MSCs exhibited increases of senescent markers such as SA-β-gal and p21 including apoptotic factor, and decreases of proliferation, differentiation potential, and survival factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also observed in membrane potential and metabolic flexibility with enlarged mitochondrial mass. Interestingly, we founded that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is an important metabolism in PD-MSCs, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase1A (CPT1A) overexpressed in senescent PD-MSCs. The inhibition of CPT1A induced a change of energy metabolism and reversed senescence of PD-MSCs. Conclusions These findings suggest that alteration of FAO by increased CPT1A plays an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence of PD-MSCs during long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 689, Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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16
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He ZC, Sun C, Jiang WW. A model for comprehensive oral biological age score with oral and systemic clinical parameters. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:335-341. [PMID: 31152564 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological age reflects the functional status of an individual. The purpose of the study was to develop a model for estimating oral biological age with oral and systemic parameters. METHODS A total of 248 subjects who had a routine health check were assessed with oral and general clinical examination. Chi-square test was performed to screen oral clinical candidate indicators. General parameters were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and principal component analysis to develop a general biological age score. A final comprehensive model of oral biological age score was established by combining oral and general biological age score. RESULTS A total of eight oral indicators (mucosal blood blister, mucosal dryness, impacted tooth, missing teeth, residual crowns, dental calculus, gingival hyperemia, and gingival recession) and 10 general clinical indicators (triglyceride, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, total cholesterol, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, uric acid, body weight, and systolic blood pressure) were selected for oral and general biological age score, respectively (r > 0.25, P < 0.05). A model of comprehensive oral biological age score was then formed by principal component analysis: 0.046 triglyceride + 0.010 creatinine + 0.141 blood urea nitrogen + 0.048 glucose + 0.068 total cholesterol + 0.014 mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration + 0.082 mean erythrocyte hemoglobin + 0.001 uric acid + 0.020 body weight + 0.005 systolic blood pressure + 0.037 oral biological age score -10.908. The score was increased accordingly with CA. CONCLUSION Oral biological age can be easily estimated clinically by the model of comprehensive oral biological age score using oral and systemic clinical parameters by general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao He
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wen Jiang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Xu E, Musich PR, Lin F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and the potential countermeasure. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:816-824. [PMID: 30889315 PMCID: PMC6566063 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria not only supply the energy for cell function, but also take part in cell signaling. This review describes the dysfunctions of mitochondria in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and the signaling pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis (including PGC‐1 family proteins, SIRT1, AMPK) and mitophagy (parkin‐Pink1 pathway). Understanding the regulation of these mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological approaches or lifestyle changes (caloric restrict or exercise) to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis and/or to activate mitophagy for the removal of damaged mitochondria, thus reducing the onset and/or severity of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mellon SH, Bersani FS, Lindqvist D, Hammamieh R, Donohue D, Dean K, Jett M, Yehuda R, Flory J, Reus VI, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Abu Amara D, Henn Haase C, Coy M, Doyle FJ, Marmar C, Wolkowitz OM. Metabolomic analysis of male combat veterans with post traumatic stress disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213839. [PMID: 30883584 PMCID: PMC6422302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with impaired major domains of psychology and behavior. Individuals with PTSD also have increased co-morbidity with several serious medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, raising the possibility that systemic pathology associated with PTSD might be identified by metabolomic analysis of blood. We sought to identify metabolites that are altered in male combat veterans with PTSD. In this case-control study, we compared metabolomic profiles from age-matched male combat trauma-exposed veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts with PTSD (n = 52) and without PTSD (n = 51) (‘Discovery group’). An additional group of 31 PTSD-positive and 31 PTSD-negative male combat-exposed veterans was used for validation of these findings (‘Test group’). Plasma metabolite profiles were measured in all subjects using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We identified key differences between PTSD subjects and controls in pathways related to glycolysis and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the initial ‘Discovery group’, consistent with mitochondrial alterations or dysfunction, which were also confirmed in the ‘Test group’. Other pathways related to urea cycle and amino acid metabolism were different between PTSD subjects and controls in the ‘Discovery’ but not in the smaller ‘Test’ group. These metabolic differences were not explained by comorbid major depression, body mass index, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, smoking, or use of analgesics, antidepressants, statins, or anti-inflammatories. These data show replicable, wide-ranging changes in the metabolic profile of combat-exposed males with PTSD, with a suggestion of mitochondrial alterations or dysfunction, that may contribute to the behavioral and somatic phenotypes associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia H. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - F. Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Duncan Donohue
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Dean
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Janine Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda M. Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Duna Abu Amara
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Clare Henn Haase
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coy
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Doyle
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, United States of America
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veteran Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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SIRT1 activation by SRT1720 attenuates bone cancer pain via preventing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:587-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Liu X, Du H, Chen D, Yuan H, Chen W, Jia W, Wang X, Li X, Gao L. Cyclophilin D deficiency protects against the development of mitochondrial ROS and cellular inflammation in aorta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:1202-1208. [PMID: 30554656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and oxidative stress are closely correlated in the pathology of cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrial cyclophilin D (CypD), the important modulator for mPTP opening, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of cellular ROS generation. Besides, its association with cell inflammation is also being discovered. However, the effects of CypD in modulating vascular inflammatory response is unknown. We sought to investigate whether CypD deficiency attenutes vascular inflammation under physical conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS We adopted CypD KO mouse and their littermate controls to observe the effects of CypD deficiency on aortic mitochondrial functions and vascular inflammation. As we found in our study, we confirmed that under physical conditions, CypD deficiency enhanced mouse whole body metabolic status, increased aortic mitochondrial complex III activity and decreased mitochondrial ROS generation. Functionally, CypD deficiency also attenuated inflammatory molecules expression, including VCAM-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse aorta. CONCLUSIONS Our results review that mitochondrial CypD is involved in the regulation of inflammation in aorta and provide insights that blocking mitochondrial CypD enhances vascular resistance to inflammatory injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Electrocardiographic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Wenyu Jia
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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Szeto HH, Liu S. Cardiolipin-targeted peptides rejuvenate mitochondrial function, remodel mitochondria, and promote tissue regeneration during aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:137-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu X, Du H, Chai Q, Jia Q, Liu L, Zhao M, Li J, Tang H, Chen W, Zhao L, Fang L, Gao L, Zhao J. Blocking mitochondrial cyclophilin D ameliorates TSH-impaired defensive barrier of artery. Redox Biol 2018; 15:418-434. [PMID: 29353219 PMCID: PMC5975066 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the defensive barrier of vasculature, which maintains the vascular homeostasis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress (mitoOS) in ECs significantly affects the initiation and progression of vascular diseases. The higher serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is being recognized as a nonconventional risk factor responsible for the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). However, effects and underlying mechanisms of elevated TSH on ECs are still ambiguous. We sought to investigate whether cyclophilin D (CypD), emerging as a crucial mediator in mitoOS, regulates effects of TSH on ECs. METHODS AND RESULTS SCH patients with TSH > = 10mIU/L showed a positive correlation between serum TSH and endothelin-1 levels. When TSH levels declined to normal in these subjects after levothyroxine therapy, serum endothelin-1 levels were significantly reduced. Supplemented with exogenous thyroxine to keep normal thyroid hormones, thyroid-specific TSH receptor (TSHR)-knockout mice with injection of exogenous TSH exhibited elevated serum TSH levels, significant endothelial oxidative injuries and disturbed endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, Tshr-/- mice resisted to TSH-impaired vasotonia. We further confirmed that elevated TSH triggered excessive mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial oxidative damages in mouse aorta, as well as in cultured ECs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CypD (the key regulator for mPTP opening) attenuated TSH-induced mitochondrial oxidative damages and further rescued endothelial functions. Finally, we confirmed that elevated TSH could activate CypD by enhancing CypD acetylation via inhibiting adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin-3 signaling pathway in ECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that elevated TSH triggers mitochondrial perturbations in ECs and provide insights that blocking mitochondrial CypD enhances the defensive ability of ECs under TSH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Qiang Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Qing Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Li Fang
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Optineurin-mediated mitophagy protects renal tubular epithelial cells against accelerated senescence in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:105. [PMID: 29367621 PMCID: PMC5833650 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Premature senescence is a key process in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) in DN may result from the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy is the principal process that eliminates damaged mitochondria through PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated recruitment of optineurin (OPTN) to mitochondria. We aimed to examine the involvement of OPTN in mitophagy regulation of cellular senescence in RTEC in the context of DN. In vitro, the expression of senescence markers P16, P21, DcR2, SA-β-gal, SAHF, and insufficient mitophagic degradation marker (mitochondrial P62) in mouse RTECs increased after culture in 30 mM high-glucose (HG) conditions for 48 h. Mitochondrial fission/mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 significantly enhanced RTEC senescence under HG conditions, whereas autophagy/mitophagy agonist Torin1 inhibited cell senescence. MitoTempo inhibited HG-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cell senescence with or without Mdivi-1. The expression of PINK1 and OPTN, two regulatory factors for mitophagosome formation, decreased significantly after HG stimulation. Overexpression of PINK1 did not enhance mitophagosome formation under HG conditions. OPTN silencing significantly inhibited HG-induced mitophagosome formation, and overexpression of OPTN relieved cellular senescence through promoting mitophagy. In clinical specimens, renal OPTN expression was gradually decreased with increased tubulointerstitial injury scores. OPTN-positive renal tubular cells did not express senescence marker P16. OPTN expression also negatively correlated with serum creatinine levels, and positively correlated with eGFR. Thus, OPTN-mediated mitophagy plays a crucial regulatory role in HG-induced RTEC senescence in DN. OPTN may, therefore, be a potential antisenescence factor in DN.
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Ghanian Z, Konduri GG, Audi SH, Camara AKS, Ranji M. Quantitative optical measurement of mitochondrial superoxide dynamics in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2018; 11:1750018. [PMID: 30123329 PMCID: PMC6097638 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545817500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling and redox regulation, but when present in excess, lead to numerous pathologies. Detailed quantitative characterization of mitochondrial superoxide anion ( O2•- ) production in fetal pulmonary artery endothelia cells (PAECs) has never been reported. The aim of this study is to assess mitochondrial O2•- production in cultured PAECs over time using a novel quantitative optical approach. The rate, the sources, and the dynamics of O2•- production were assessed using targeted metabolic modulators of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, specifically an uncoupler and inhibitors of the various ETC complexes, and inhibitors of extra-mitochondrial sources of O2•- . After stabilization, the cells were loaded with nanomolar mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE, MitoSOX) online during the experiment without washout of the residual dye. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the dynamic changes in O2•- fluorescence intensity over time in PAECs. The transient behaviors of the fluorescence time course showed exponential increases in the rate of O2•- production in the presence of the ETC uncoupler or inhibitors. The most dramatic and the fastest increase in O2•- production was observed when the cells were treated with the uncoupling agent, PCP. We also showed that only the complex IV inhibitor, KCN, attenuated the marked surge in O2•- production induced by PCP. The results showed that mitochondrial respiratory complexes I, III and IV are sources of O2•- production in PAECs, and a new observation that ROS production during uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration is mediated in part via complex IV. This novel method can be applied in other studies that examine ROS production under stress condition and during ROS-mediated injuries in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Girija Ganesh Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Said Halim Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amadou K. S. Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Anesthesia Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Single Cell Oxygen Mapping (SCOM) by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Uncovers Heterogeneous Intracellular Oxygen Consumption. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11428. [PMID: 28900258 PMCID: PMC5596008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a highly sensitive oxygen consumption scanning microscopy system using platinized platinum disc microelectrodes. The system is capable of reliably detecting single-cell respiration, responding to classical regulators of mitochondrial oxygen consumption activity as expected. Comparisons with commercial multi-cell oxygen detection systems show that the system has comparable errors (if not smaller), with the advantage of being able to monitor inter and intra-cell heterogeneity in oxygen consumption characteristics. Our results uncover heterogeneous oxygen consumption characteristics between cells and within the same cell´s microenvironments. Single Cell Oxygen Mapping (SCOM) is thus capable of reliably studying mitochondrial oxygen consumption characteristics and heterogeneity at a single-cell level.
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26
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Regulation of longevity by FGF21: Interaction between energy metabolism and stress responses. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:79-93. [PMID: 28552719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like member of FGF family which controls metabolic multiorgan crosstalk enhancing energy expenditure through glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, FGF21 acts as a stress hormone induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunctions of mitochondria and autophagy in several tissues. FGF21 also controls stress responses and metabolism by modulating the functions of somatotropic axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway. FGF21 is a potent longevity factor coordinating interactions between energy metabolism and stress responses. Recent studies have revealed that FGF21 treatment can alleviate many age-related metabolic disorders, e.g. atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some cardiovascular diseases. In addition, transgenic mice overexpressing FGF21 have an extended lifespan. However, chronic metabolic and stress-related disorders involving inflammatory responses can provoke FGF21 resistance and thus disturb healthy aging process. First, we will describe the role of FGF21 in interorgan energy metabolism and explain how its functions as a stress hormone can improve healthspan. Next, we will examine both the induction of FGF21 expression via the integrated stress response and the molecular mechanism through which FGF21 enhances healthy aging. Finally, we postulate that FGF21 resistance, similarly to insulin resistance, jeopardizes human healthspan and accelerates the aging process.
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27
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Vidal B, Vázquez-Roque RA, Gnecco D, Enríquez RG, Floran B, Díaz A, Flores G. Curcuma treatment prevents cognitive deficit and alteration of neuronal morphology in the limbic system of aging rats. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Vidal
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla Pue México
| | | | - Dino Gnecco
- Centro de Química; Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla Pue México
| | - Raúl G. Enríquez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México México
| | - Benjamin Floran
- Departamento de Fisiología; Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados IPN, DF; México México
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla Pue México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla Pue México
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