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Yu X, Jia Y, Dong Y. Research progress on the cannabinoid type-2 receptor and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1298166. [PMID: 38264546 PMCID: PMC10804458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1298166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured by movement impairments, including tremors, bradykinesia, muscle stiffness, and imbalance. PD is also associated with many non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairments, dementia, and mental disorders. Previous studies identify the associations between PD progression and factors such as α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death. The cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2 receptor) is a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor and has been extensively studied as part of the endocannabinoid system. CB2 receptor is recently emerged as a promising target for anti-inflammatory treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. It is reported to modulate mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, iron transport, and neuroinflammation that contribute to neuronal cell death. Additionally, CB2 receptor possesses the potential to provide feedback on electrophysiological processes, offering new possibilities for PD treatment. This review summarized the mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis. We also discussed the potential regulatory role played by CB2 receptor in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yu
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Neuropsychiatry Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Buchtova T, Beresova L, Chroma K, Pluhacek T, Beres T, Kaczorova D, Tarkowski P, Bartek J, Mistrik M. Cannabis-derived products antagonize platinum drugs by altered cellular transport. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114801. [PMID: 37137184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, a class of compounds derived from Cannabis sativa L., have recently become more widely accessible for public consumption in the form of diverse cannabis products, in parallel with weakening the measures that so far restricted their availability. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved several cannabis-derived drugs for management of various diseases as well as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Besides the attenuation of adverse effects of chemotherapy, numerous reports about cannabinoid-mediated anticancer effects further motivate cancer patients to support their therapy with such products. Here we present a set of preclinical data with human cell culture models, suggesting that cannabidiol and cannabis extracts may effectively counteract the anticancer effects of the clinically widely used standard-of-care platinum-based drugs. We show that even low concentrations of cannabinoids reduced the toxicity of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, an effect which was accompanied by decreased platinum adduct formation and a set of commonly used molecular markers. Mechanistically, our results excluded the possibility that the observed enhanced survival of cancer cells was mediated transcriptionally. Instead, trace metal analyses strongly indicate an inhibitory impact of cannabinoids on intracellular platinum accumulation, thereby implicating changes in cellular transport and/or retention of these drugs as the likely cause of the observed biological effects. Our study raises the possibility that the desirable effect of counteracting adverse effects of chemotherapy might, at least for some cannabinoids, reflect impaired cellular availability, and consequently attenuation of the anticancer effects of platinum drugs. DATA AVAILABILITY: All data supporting the conclusions are available in the article and supplementary files. Raw data are available upon request from the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Buchtova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Beresova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chroma
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pluhacek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Beres
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Kaczorova
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Rossi F, Tortora C, Di Martino M, Di Paola A, Di Pinto D, Marrapodi MM, Argenziano M, Pota E. Alteration of osteoclast activity in childhood cancer survivors: Role of iron and of CB2/TRPV1 receptors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271730. [PMID: 35862357 PMCID: PMC9302719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are predisposed to the onset of osteoporosis (OP). It is known that iron overload induces osteoclasts (OCs) overactivity and that the iron chelator Deferasirox (DFX) can counteract it. The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) are potential therapeutic targets for OP. In this study we isolated OCs from peripheral blood of 20 CCS and investigated osteoclast biomarkers expression and iron metabolism evaluating iron release by OCs and the expression of several molecules involved in its regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of CB2 and TRPV1 stimulation in combination with DFX on osteoclast activity and iron metabolism. We observed, for the first time, an osteoclast hyperactivation in CCS suggesting a role for iron in its development. Moreover, we confirmed the well-known role of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors in bone metabolism, suggesting the receptors as possible key biomarkers of bone damage. Moreover, we demonstrated a promising synergism between pharmacological compounds, stimulating CB2 or inhibiting/desensitizing TRPV1 and DFX, in counteracting osteoclast overactivity in CCS to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Pinto
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maura Argenziano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira Pota
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
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Tortora C, Di Paola A, Creoli, M, Argenziano M, Martinelli M, Miele E, Rossi F, Strisciuglio C. Effects of CB2 and TRPV1 Stimulation on Osteoclast Overactivity Induced by Iron in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1244-1253. [PMID: 35472140 PMCID: PMC9340523 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduction of bone mineral density and osteoporosis have high impacts on the health of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We have previously shown that a dysregulated iron metabolism occurs in IBD and leads to a decrease in circulating iron concentration and excessive intracellular sequestration of iron. Studies suggest that iron overload significantly affects the bone, accelerating osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activation, promoting bone resorption. Moreover, we demonstrated that iron overload causes OC overactivity. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) are potential therapeutic targets for bone diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors and of iron in the development of osteoporosis in pediatric IBD. METHODS We differentiated OCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with IBD and healthy donors and evaluated CB2 and TRPV1 receptor expression; OC activity, and iron metabolism by Western blot, TRAP assays, bone resorption assays, and iron assays. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of the pharmacological modulation of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors on OC activity and on the iron metabolism. RESULTS We confirmed the well-known roles of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors in bone metabolism and suggested that their stimulation can reduce the OC overactivity induced by iron, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of pediatric IBD-related bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of CB2 and TRPV1 could reduce IBD-related osteoporosis due to their direct effects on OC activity and to modulating the iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tortora
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Creoli,
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Maura Argenziano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Martinelli
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Address correspondence to: Francesca Rossi, MD, Department of Woman, Child and General and Special Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Via De Crecchio, 4, 80138 Naples, Italy ()
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,”Naples, Italy
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5
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Chan MC, Procko E, Shukla D. Structural Rearrangement of the Serotonin Transporter Intracellular Gate Induced by Thr276 Phosphorylation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:933-945. [PMID: 35258286 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin from the synaptic cleft by the serotonin transporter, SERT, is essential for proper neurological signaling. Biochemical studies have shown that Thr276 of transmembrane helix 5 is a site of PKG-mediated SERT phosphorylation, which has been proposed to shift the SERT conformational equilibria to promote inward-facing states, thus enhancing 5-HT transport. Recent structural and simulation studies have provided insights into the conformation transitions during substrate transport but have not shed light on SERT regulation via post-translational modifications. Using molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state models, we investigate how Thr276 phosphorylation impacts the SERT mechanism and its role in enhancing transporter stability and function. Our simulations show that Thr276 phosphorylation alters the hydrogen-bonding network involving residues on transmembrane helix 5. This in turn decreases the free energy barriers for SERT to transition to the inward-facing state, thus facilitating 5-HT import. The results provide atomistic insights into in vivo SERT regulation and can be extended to other pharmacologically important transporters in the solute carrier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Kosman DJ. A holistic view of mammalian (vertebrate) cellular iron uptake. Metallomics 2021; 12:1323-1334. [PMID: 32766655 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell iron uptake in mammals is commonly distinguished by whether the iron is presented to the cell as transferrin-bound or not: TBI or NTBI. This generic perspective conflates TBI with canonical transferrin receptor, endosomal iron uptake, and NTBI with uptake supported by a plasma membrane-localized divalent metal ion transporter, most often identified as DMT1. In fact, iron uptake by mammalian cells is far more nuanced than this somewhat proscribed view suggests. This view fails to accommodate the substantial role that ZIP8 and ZIP14 play in iron uptake, while adhering to the traditional premise that a relatively high endosomal [H+] is thermodynamically required for release of iron from holo-Tf. The canonical view of iron uptake also does not encompass the fact that plasma membrane electron transport - PMET - has long been linked to cell iron uptake. In fact, the known mammalian metallo-reductases - Dcytb and the STEAP proteins - are members of this cohort of cytochrome-dependent oxido-reductases that shuttle reducing equivalents across the plasma membrane. A not commonly appreciated fact is the reduction potential of ferric iron in holo-Tf is accessible to cytoplasmic reducing equivalents - reduced pyridine and flavin mono- and di-nucleotides and dihydroascorbic acid. This allows for the reductive release of Fe2+ at the extracellular surface of the PM and subsequent transport into the cytoplasm by a neutral pH transporter - a ZIP protein. What this perspective emphasizes is that there are two TfR-dependent uptake pathways, one which does and one which does not involve clathrin-dependent, endolysosomal trafficking. This raises the question as to the selective advantage of having two Tf, TfR-dependent routes of iron accumulation. This review of canonical and non-canonical iron uptake uses cerebral iron trafficking as a point of discussion, a focus that encourages inclusion also of the importance of ferritin as a circulating 'chaperone' of ferric iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Buffalo, Suite 4102, 995 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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7
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Pizzagalli MD, Bensimon A, Superti‐Furga G. A guide to plasma membrane solute carrier proteins. FEBS J 2021; 288:2784-2835. [PMID: 32810346 PMCID: PMC8246967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to serve as an introduction to the solute carrier proteins (SLC) superfamily of transporter proteins and their roles in human cells. The SLC superfamily currently includes 458 transport proteins in 65 families that carry a wide variety of substances across cellular membranes. While members of this superfamily are found throughout cellular organelles, this review focuses on transporters expressed at the plasma membrane. At the cell surface, SLC proteins may be viewed as gatekeepers of the cellular milieu, dynamically responding to different metabolic states. With altered metabolism being one of the hallmarks of cancer, we also briefly review the roles that surface SLC proteins play in the development and progression of cancer through their influence on regulating metabolism and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D. Pizzagalli
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ariel Bensimon
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Giulio Superti‐Furga
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaAustria
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8
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Müller JP, Keufgens L, Gründemann D. Hyperosmolarity stimulates transporter-mediated insertion of estrone sulfate into the plasma membrane, but inhibits the uptake by SLC10A1 (NTCP). Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114484. [PMID: 33617845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs are largely hydrophobic molecules; a transporter might conceivably insert these into the plasma membrane. At least 18 transporters from diverse families have been reported to transport the model compound estrone sulfate alias estrone-3-sulfate (E3S). Out of these, we recently examined SLC22A11 (OAT4). We concluded from a comparison of E3S and uric acid transport that SLC22A11 does not translocate E3S into the cytosol, but into the plasma membrane. Here we present a hyperosmolarity alias hypertonicity assay to differentiate transport mechanisms. Human transporters were expressed heterologously in 293 cells. Solute uptake into intact cells was measured by LC-MS. Addition of mannitol or sucrose led to rapid cell shrinkage, but cell viability after 60 min in hyperosmolar buffer was not impaired. A decrease in substrate accumulation with increasing osmolarity as observed here for several substrates and the transporters SLC22A11, ETT (SLC22A4), OCT2 (SLC22A2), OAT3 (SLC22A8), and MATE1 (SLC47A1) suggests regular substrate translocation into the cytosol. An increase as observed for E3S transport by SLC22A11, OAT3, MATE1, SLC22A9, and SLC10A6 implies insertion into the membrane. In marked contrast to the other E3S transporters, the bile acid transporter SLC10A1 (NTCP, Na+ taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide) showed a decrease in the accumulation of E3S in hyperosmolar buffer; the same was observed with taurocholic acid. Indeed, our data from several functional assays strongly suggest that the transport mechanism is identical for both substrates. Apparently, a unique transport mechanism has been established for SLC10A1 by evolution that ensures the transport of amphipathic, detergent-like molecules into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Peter Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Lena Keufgens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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9
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Jia Y, Deng H, Qin Q, Ma Z. JWH133 inhibits MPP+-induced inflammatory response and iron influx in astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Choi EK, Nguyen TT, Iwase S, Seo YA. Ferroportin disease mutations influence manganese accumulation and cytotoxicity. FASEB J 2019; 33:2228-2240. [PMID: 30247984 PMCID: PMC6338638 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800831r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemochromatosis is a frequent genetic disorder, characterized by the accumulation of excess iron across tissues. Mutations in the FPN1 gene, encoding a cell surface iron exporter [ferroportin (Fpn)], are responsible for hemochromatosis type 4, also known as ferroportin disease. Recently, Fpn has been implicated in the regulation of manganese (Mn), another essential nutrient required for numerous cellular enzymes. However, the roles of Fpn in Mn regulation remain ill-defined, and the impact of disease mutations on cellular Mn levels is unknown. Here, we provide evidence that Fpn can export Mn from cells into extracellular space. Fpn seems to play protective roles in Mn-induced cellular toxicity and oxidative stress. Finally, disease mutations interfere with the role of Fpn in controlling Mn levels as well as the stability of Fpn. These results define the function of Fpn as an exporter of both iron and Mn and highlight the potential involvement of Mn dysregulation in ferroportin disease.-Choi, E.-K., Nguyen, T.-T., Iwase, S., Seo, Y. A. Ferroportin disease mutations influence manganese accumulation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and
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11
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Zhao L, Bartnikas T, Chu X, Klein J, Yun C, Srinivasan S, He P. Hyperglycemia promotes microvillus membrane expression of DMT1 in intestinal epithelial cells in a PKCα-dependent manner. FASEB J 2018; 33:3549-3561. [PMID: 30423260 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801855r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive iron increases the incidence of diabetes and worsens diabetic complications. Reciprocally, diabetes induces iron loading, partially attributable to elevated intestinal iron export according to a recent report. Herein, we show that iron uptake and the mRNA expression of iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were significantly increased in the duodenum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Immunofluorescence staining of human intestinal biopsies revealed increased brush border membrane (BBM) and decreased cytoplasmic DMT1 expression in patients with diabetes, suggesting translocation of DMT1. This pattern of DMT1 regulation was corroborated by immunoblotting results in diabetic mice showing that BBM DMT1 expression was increased by 210%, in contrast to a 60% increase in total DMT1. PKC mediates many diabetic complications, and PKCα activity was increased in diabetic mouse intestine. Intriguingly, diabetic mice with PKCα deficiency did not show increases in iron uptake and BBM DMT1 expression. High-glucose treatment increased plasma membrane DMT1 expression via the activation of PKCα in cultured IECs. Inhibition of PKCα potentiated the ubiquitination and degradation of DMT1 protein. We further showed that high glucose suppressed membrane DMT1 internalization. These findings demonstrate that PKCα promotes microvillus membrane DMT1 expression and intestinal iron uptake, contributing to diabetic iron loading.-Zhao, L., Bartnikas, T., Chu, X., Klein, J., Yun, C., Srinivasan, S., He, P. Hyperglycemia promotes microvillus membrane expression of DMT1 in intestinal epithelial cells in a PKCα-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Chu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Janet Klein
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and
| | - Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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The Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) Is Required for Iron Uptake and Normal Development of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9142-9159. [PMID: 30190412 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1447-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a multimetal transporter with a primary role in iron transport. Although DMT1 has been described previously in the CNS, nothing was known about the role of this metal transporter in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. To determine whether DMT1 is required for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) maturation, we used siRNAs and the Cre-lox system to knock down/knock out DMT1 expression in vitro as well as in vivo Blocking DMT1 synthesis in primary cultures of OPCs reduced oligodendrocyte iron uptake and significantly delayed OPC development. In vivo, a significant hypomyelination was found in DMT1 conditional knock-out mice in which DMT1 was postnatally deleted in NG2- or Sox10-positive OPCs. The brain of DMT1 knock-out animals presented a decrease in the expression levels of myelin proteins and a substantial reduction in the percentage of myelinated axons. This reduced postnatal myelination was accompanied by a decrease in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and a rise in proliferating OPCs. Furthermore, using the cuprizone model of demyelination, we established that DMT1 deletion in NG2-positive OPCs lead to less efficient remyelination of the adult brain. These results indicate that DMT1 is vital for OPC maturation and for the normal myelination of the mouse brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To determine whether divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), a multimetal transporter with a primary role in iron transport, is essential for oligodendrocyte development, we created two conditional knock-out mice in which DMT1 was postnatally deleted in NG2- or Sox10-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). We have established that DMT1 is necessary for normal OPC maturation and is required for an efficient remyelination of the adult brain. Since iron accumulation by OPCs is indispensable for myelination, understanding the iron incorporation mechanism as well as the molecules involved is critical to design new therapeutic approaches to intervene in diseases in which the myelin sheath is damaged or lost.
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Abstract
Drug transporter proteins are critical to the distribution of a wide range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics such as hormones, bile acids, peptides, lipids, sugars, and drugs. There are two classes of drug transporters- the solute carrier (SLC) transporters and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters -which predominantly differ in the energy source utilized to transport substrates across a membrane barrier. Despite their hydrophobic nature and residence in the membrane bilayer, drug transporters have dynamic structures and adopt many conformations during the translocation process. Whereas there is significant literature evidence for the substrate specificity and structure-function relationship for clinically relevant drug transporters proteins, there is less of an understanding in the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the functional expression of these proteins. Post-translational modifications have been shown to modulate drug transporter functional expression via a wide range of molecular mechanisms. These modifications commonly occur through the addition of a functional group (e.g. phosphorylation), a small protein (e.g. ubiquitination), sugar chains (e.g. glycosylation), or lipids (e.g. palmitoylation) on solvent accessible amino acid residues. These covalent additions often occur as a result of a signaling cascade and may be reversible depending on the type of modification and the intended fate of the signaling event. Here, we review the significant role in which post-translational modifications contribute to the dynamic regulation and functional consequences of SLC and ABC drug transporters and highlight recent progress in understanding their roles in transporter structure, function, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Peter W Swaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Choi EK, Nguyen TT, Gupta N, Iwase S, Seo YA. Functional analysis of SLC39A8 mutations and their implications for manganese deficiency and mitochondrial disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3163. [PMID: 29453449 PMCID: PMC5816659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC39A8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent metal ion transporter. Mutations in the SLC39A8 gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type II and Leigh syndrome. Notably, affected patients with both disorders exhibited severe manganese (Mn) deficiency. The cellular function of human SLC39A8 (hSLC39A8) and the mechanisms by which mutations in this protein lead to human diseases are unclear. Herein, we show that hSLC39A8 mediates 54Mn uptake by the cells, and its expression is regulated by Mn. While expression of wild-type hSLC39A8 increased 54Mn uptake activity, disease-associated mutations abrogated the ability of the transporter to mediate Mn uptake into the cells, thereby providing a causal link to severe Mn deficiency. All mutants failed to localize on the cell surface and were retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, expression of hSLC39A8 mutants of both CDG type II and Leigh syndrome reduced mitochondrial 54Mn levels and activity of Mn-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase MnSOD, and in turn increased oxidative stress. The expression of wild-type hSLC39A8, but not the disease-associated mutants, promoted mitochondrial functions. Moreover, loss of function analyses further corroborate hSLC39A8's critical role in mediating Mn uptake and mitochondrial function. Our results provide a potential pathogenic mechanism of diseases that are associated with hSLC39A8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neil Gupta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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