1
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Heberle A, Cappuccio E, Andric A, Kuen T, Simonini A, Weiss AKH. Mitochondrial enzyme FAHD1 reduces ROS in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9231. [PMID: 38649439 PMCID: PMC11035622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of overexpressing the mitochondrial enzyme Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) in human osteosarcoma epithelial cells (U2OS) in vitro. While the downregulation or knockdown of FAHD1 has been extensively researched in various cell types, this study aimed to pioneer the exploration of how increased catalytic activity of human FAHD1 isoform 1 (hFAHD1.1) affects human cell metabolism. Our hypothesis posited that elevation in FAHD1 activity would lead to depletion of mitochondrial oxaloacetate levels. This depletion could potentially result in a decrease in the flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby accompanied by reduced ROS production. In addition to hFAHD1.1 overexpression, stable U2OS cell lines were established overexpressing a catalytically enhanced variant (T192S) and a loss-of-function variant (K123A) of hFAHD1. It is noteworthy that homologs of the T192S variant are present in animals exhibiting increased resistance to oxidative stress and cancer. Our findings demonstrate that heightened activity of the mitochondrial enzyme FAHD1 decreases cellular ROS levels in U2OS cells. However, these results also prompt a series of intriguing questions regarding the potential role of FAHD1 in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heberle
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elia Cappuccio
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Andric
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Kuen
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Simonini
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander K H Weiss
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Zmuda AJ, Kang X, Wissbroecker KB, Freund Saxhaug K, Costa KC, Hegeman AD, Niehaus TD. A universal metabolite repair enzyme removes a strong inhibitor of the TCA cycle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:846. [PMID: 38287013 PMCID: PMC10825186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A prevalent side-reaction of succinate dehydrogenase oxidizes malate to enol-oxaloacetate (OAA), a metabolically inactive form of OAA that is a strong inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. We purified from cow heart mitochondria an enzyme (OAT1) with OAA tautomerase (OAT) activity that converts enol-OAA to the physiological keto-OAA form, and determined that it belongs to the highly conserved and previously uncharacterized Fumarylacetoacetate_hydrolase_domain-containing protein family. From all three domains of life, heterologously expressed proteins were shown to have strong OAT activity, and ablating the OAT1 homolog caused significant growth defects. In Escherichia coli, expression of succinate dehydrogenase was necessary for OAT1-associated growth defects to occur, and ablating OAT1 caused a significant increase in acetate and other metabolites associated with anaerobic respiration. OAT1 increased the succinate dehydrogenase reaction rate by 35% in in vitro assays with physiological concentrations of both succinate and malate. Our results suggest that OAT1 is a universal metabolite repair enzyme that is required to maximize aerobic respiration efficiency by preventing succinate dehydrogenase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Zmuda
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Xiaojun Kang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Katie B Wissbroecker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Katrina Freund Saxhaug
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kyle C Costa
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Adrian D Hegeman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Thomas D Niehaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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3
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Fukuhara S, Watanabe S, Watanabe Y, Nishiwaki H. Crystal Structure of l-2,4-Diketo-3-deoxyrhamnonate Hydrolase Involved in the Nonphosphorylated l-Rhamnose Pathway from Bacteria. Biochemistry 2023; 62:524-534. [PMID: 36563174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Diketo-3-deoxy-l-rhamnonate (L-DKDR) hydrolase (LRA6) catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of L-DKDR to pyruvate and l-lactate in the nonphosphorylated l-rhamnose pathway from bacteria and belongs to the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily. Most of the members of the FAH superfamily are involved in the microbial degradation of aromatic substances and share low sequence similarities with LRA6, by which the underlying catalytic mechanism remains unknown at the atomic level. We herein elucidated for the first time the crystal structures of LRA6 from Sphingomonas sp. without a ligand and in complex with pyruvate, in which a magnesium ion was coordinated with three acidic residues in the catalytic center. Structural, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that LRA6 is a close but distinct subfamily of the fumarylpyruvate hydrolase (FPH) subfamily, and amino acid residues at equivalent position to 84 in LRA6 are related to different substrate specificities between them (Leu84 and Arg86 in LRA6 and FPH, respectively). Structural transition induced upon the binding of pyruvate was observed within a lid-like region, by which a glutamate-histidine dyad that is critical for catalysis was arranged sufficiently close to the ligand. Among several hydroxylpyruvates (2,4-diketo-5-hydroxycarboxylates), L-DKDR with a C6 methyl group was the best substrate for LRA6, conforming to the physiological role. Significant activity was also detected in acylpyruvate including acetylpyruvate. The structural analysis presented herein provides a more detailed understanding of the molecular evolution and physiological role of the FAH superfamily enzymes (e.g., the FAH like-enzyme involved in the mammalian l-fucose pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fukuhara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Seiya Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.,Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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4
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Weiss AKH, Wurzer R, Klapec P, Eder MP, Loeffler JR, von Grafenstein S, Monteleone S, Liedl KR, Jansen-Dürr P, Gstach H. Inhibitors of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain Containing Protein 1 (FAHD1). Molecules 2021; 26:5009. [PMID: 34443596 PMCID: PMC8398924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
FAH domain containing protein 1 (FAHD1) acts as oxaloacetate decarboxylase in mitochondria, contributing to the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Guided by a high-resolution X-ray structure of FAHD1 liganded by oxalate, the enzymatic mechanism of substrate processing is analyzed in detail. Taking the chemical features of the FAHD1 substrate oxaloacetate into account, the potential inhibitor structures are deduced. The synthesis of drug-like scaffolds afforded first-generation FAHD1-inhibitors with activities in the low micromolar IC50 range. The investigations disclosed structures competing with the substrate for binding to the metal cofactor, as well as scaffolds, which may have a novel binding mode to FAHD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. H. Weiss
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Wurzer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Patrycia Klapec
- Campus Tulln, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 10, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (P.K.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Manuel Philip Eder
- Campus Tulln, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 10, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (P.K.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Johannes R. Loeffler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 58, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.R.L.); (S.v.G.); (S.M.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Susanne von Grafenstein
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 58, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.R.L.); (S.v.G.); (S.M.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Stefania Monteleone
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 58, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.R.L.); (S.v.G.); (S.M.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 58, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.R.L.); (S.v.G.); (S.M.); (K.R.L.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 58, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 58, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Gstach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, UZ2 E349, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Structural and functional comparison of fumarylacetoacetate domain containing protein 1 in human and mouse. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222164. [PMID: 32068790 PMCID: PMC7056447 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FAH domain containing protein 1 (FAHD1) is a mammalian mitochondrial protein, displaying bifunctionality as acylpyruvate hydrolase (ApH) and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (ODx) activity. We report the crystal structure of mouse FAHD1 and structural mapping of the active site of mouse FAHD1. Despite high structural similarity with human FAHD1, a rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabMab) could be produced that is able to recognize mouse FAHD1, but not the human form, whereas a polyclonal antibody recognized both proteins. Epitope mapping in combination with our deposited crystal structures revealed that the epitope overlaps with a reported SIRT3 deacetylation site in mouse FAHD1.
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6
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Gerna D, Arc E, Holzknecht M, Roach T, Jansen-Dürr P, Weiss AK, Kranner I. AtFAHD1a: A New Player Influencing Seed Longevity and Dormancy in Arabidopsis? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2997. [PMID: 33804275 PMCID: PMC8001395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) proteins form a superfamily found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. However, few fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain (FAHD)-containing proteins have been studied in Metazoa and their role in plants remains elusive. Sequence alignments revealed high homology between two Arabidopsis thaliana FAHD-containing proteins and human FAHD1 (hFAHD1) implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence. Transcripts of the closest hFAHD1 orthologue in Arabidopsis (AtFAHD1a) peak during seed maturation drying, which influences seed longevity and dormancy. Here, a homology study was conducted to assess if AtFAHD1a contributes to seed longevity and vigour. We found that an A. thaliana T-DNA insertional line (Atfahd1a-1) had extended seed longevity and shallower thermo-dormancy. Compared to the wild type, metabolite profiling of dry Atfahd1a-1 seeds showed that the concentrations of several amino acids, some reducing monosaccharides, and δ-tocopherol dropped, whereas the concentrations of dehydroascorbate, its catabolic intermediate threonic acid, and ascorbate accumulated. Furthermore, the redox state of the glutathione disulphide/glutathione couple shifted towards a more reducing state in dry mature Atfahd1a-1 seeds, suggesting that AtFAHD1a affects antioxidant redox poise during seed development. In summary, AtFAHD1a appears to be involved in seed redox regulation and to affect seed quality traits such as seed thermo-dormancy and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerna
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
| | - Erwann Arc
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
| | - Max Holzknecht
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander K.H. Weiss
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (E.A.); (T.R.); (I.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.H.); (P.J.-D.)
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7
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Perreault AA, Brown JD, Venters BJ. Erythropoietin Regulates Transcription and YY1 Dynamics in a Pre-established Chromatin Architecture. iScience 2020; 23:101583. [PMID: 33089097 PMCID: PMC7559257 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional architecture of the genome plays an essential role in establishing and maintaining cell identity. However, the magnitude and temporal kinetics of changes in chromatin structure that arise during cell differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we leverage a murine model of erythropoiesis to study the relationship between chromatin conformation, the epigenome, and transcription in erythroid cells. We discover that acute transcriptional responses induced by erythropoietin (EPO), the hormone necessary for erythroid differentiation, occur within an invariant chromatin topology. Within this pre-established landscape, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) occupancy dynamically redistributes to sites in proximity of EPO-regulated genes. Using HiChIP, we identify chromatin contacts mediated by H3K27ac and YY1 that are enriched for enhancer-promoter interactions of EPO-responsive genes. Taken together, these data are consistent with an emerging model that rapid, signal-dependent transcription occurs in the context of a pre-established chromatin architecture. EPO induces rapid RNA Pol II response at a key subset of genes YY1 is redistributed in the genome following 1 h EPO stimulation CTCF and YY1 bind different locations pre and post 1 h EPO stimulation E-P loops mediated by H3K27ac are largely invariant in response to EPO
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Perreault
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan J Venters
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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8
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Weiss AKH, Albertini E, Holzknecht M, Cappuccio E, Dorigatti I, Krahbichler A, Damisch E, Gstach H, Jansen-Dürr P. Regulation of cellular senescence by eukaryotic members of the FAH superfamily - A role in calcium homeostasis? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111284. [PMID: 32574647 PMCID: PMC7116474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily members are commonly expressed in the prokaryotic kingdom, where they take part in the committing steps of degradation pathways of complex carbon sources. Besides FAH itself, the only described FAH superfamily members in the eukaryotic kingdom are fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing proteins (FAHD) 1 and 2, that have been a focus of recent work in aging research. Here, we provide a review of current knowledge on FAHD proteins. Of those, FAHD1 has recently been described as a regulator of mitochondrial function and senescence, in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction associated senescence (MiDAS). This work further describes data based on bioinformatics analysis, 3D structure comparison and sequence alignment, that suggests a putative role of FAHD proteins as calcium binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K H Weiss
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria.
| | - Eva Albertini
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Max Holzknecht
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Elia Cappuccio
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Anna Krahbichler
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Elisabeth Damisch
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Hubert Gstach
- University of Vienna, UZ2 E349, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
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9
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Damiano F, De Benedetto GE, Longo S, Giannotti L, Fico D, Siculella L, Giudetti AM. Decanoic Acid and Not Octanoic Acid Stimulates Fatty Acid Synthesis in U87MG Glioblastoma Cells: A Metabolomics Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:783. [PMID: 32792906 PMCID: PMC7390945 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are dietary components with a chain length ranging from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. MCFA can cross the blood-brain barrier and in the brain can be oxidized through mitochondrial β-oxidation. As components of ketogenic diets, MCFA have demonstrated beneficial effects on different brain diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, drug-resistant epilepsy, diabetes, and cancer. Despite the interest in MCFA effects, not much information is available about MCFA metabolism in the brain. In this study, with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach, coupled with multivariate data analyses, we followed the metabolic changes of U87MG glioblastoma cells after the addition of octanoic (C8), or decanoic (C10) acids for 24 h. Our analysis highlighted significant differences in the metabolism of U87MG cells after the addition of C8 or C10 and identified several metabolites whose amount changed between the two groups of treated cells. Overall, metabolic pathway analyses suggested the citric acid cycle, Warburg effect, glutamine/glutamate metabolism, and ketone body metabolism as pathways influenced by C8 or C10 addition to U87MG cells. Our data demonstrated that, while C8 affected mitochondrial metabolism resulting in increased ketone body production, C10 mainly influenced cytosolic pathways by stimulating fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, glutamine might be the main substrate to support fatty acids synthesis in C10-treated cells. In conclusion, we identified a metabolic signature associated with C8 or C10 addition to U87MG cells that can be used to decipher metabolic responses of glioblastoma cells to MCFA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe E De Benedetto
- Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Giannotti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Fico
- Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna M Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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10
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Weiss AKH, Holzknecht M, Cappuccio E, Dorigatti I, Kreidl K, Naschberger A, Rupp B, Gstach H, Jansen-Dürr P. Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/59729. [PMID: 31282888 PMCID: PMC7115867 DOI: 10.3791/59729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins (FAHD) are identified members of the FAH superfamily in eukaryotes. Enzymes of this superfamily generally display multi-functionality, involving mainly hydrolase and decarboxylase mechanisms. This article presents a series of consecutive methods for the expression and purification of FAHD proteins, mainly FAHD protein 1 (FAHD1) orthologues among species (human, mouse, nematodes, plants, etc.). Covered methods are protein expression in E. coli, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, preparative and analytical gel filtration, crystallization, X-ray diffraction, and photometric assays. Concentrated protein of high levels of purity (>98%) may be employed for crystallization or antibody production. Proteins of similar or lower quality may be employed in enzyme assays or used as antigens in detection systems (Western-Blot, ELISA). In the discussion of this work, the identified enzymatic mechanisms of FAHD1 are outlined to describe its hydrolase and decarboxylase bi-functionality in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K H Weiss
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck Austria;
| | - Max Holzknecht
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Elia Cappuccio
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Karin Kreidl
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Rupp
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Gstach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck Austria; Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck Austria
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