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Chumphoochai K, Manohong P, Niamnont N, Tamtin M, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Anti-Obesity Effects of Marine Macroalgae Extract Caulerpa lentillifera in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:577. [PMID: 37999401 PMCID: PMC10672060 DOI: 10.3390/md21110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat, which in turn poses a significant risk to health. Bioactive compounds obtained from macroalgae have demonstrated their efficacy in combating obesity in various animal models. The green macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (CL) contains numerous active constituents. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the beneficial anti-obesity effects of extracts derived from C. lentillifera using a Caenorhabditis elegans obesity model. The ethanol (CLET) and ethyl acetate (CLEA) extracts caused a significant decrease in fat consumption, reaching up to approximately 50-60%. Triglyceride levels in 50 mM glucose-fed worms were significantly reduced by approximately 200%. The GFP-labeled dhs-3, a marker for lipid droplets, exhibited a significant reduction in its level to approximately 30%. Furthermore, the level of intracellular ROS displayed a significant decrease of 18.26 to 23.91% in high-glucose-fed worms treated with CL extracts, while their lifespan remained unchanged. Additionally, the mRNA expression of genes associated with lipogenesis, such as sbp-1, showed a significant down-regulation following treatment with CL extracts. This finding was supported by a significant decrease (at 16.22-18.29%) in GFP-labeled sbp-1 gene expression. These results suggest that C. lentillifera extracts may facilitate a reduction in total fat accumulation induced by glucose through sbp-1 pathways. In summary, this study highlights the anti-obesity potential of compounds derived from C. lentillifera extracts in a C. elegans model of obesity, mediated by the suppression of lipogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawita Chumphoochai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Preeyanuch Manohong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; (P.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Montakan Tamtin
- Kung Krabaen Bay Royal Development of Fisheries, Khlong Khut Sub-District, Tha Mai, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand;
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (P.S.)
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Shen QW, Wen W, Guo QX. Chiral Aldehyde-Palladium Catalysis Enables Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Alkyl Tryptophans via Cascade Heck-Alkylation Reaction. Org Lett 2023; 25:3163-3167. [PMID: 37096821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric cascade Heck-alkylation reaction of NH2-unprotected amino acid esters with N-(2-iodophenyl)allenamides is reported in this work. Under the promotion of a combining catalytic system comprising a chiral aldehyde, a chiral palladium complex, and the Lewis acid ZnCl2, the title reaction takes place smoothly, giving optically active α-alkyl tryptophan derivatives in moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. The target products can be converted into other structurally complex chiral indoles without the loss of enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Li Y, Chen M, Ma Y, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Ma H, Ren D, Chen P. Regulation of viable/inactivated/lysed probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum H6 on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in hypercholesterolemic mice. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:50. [PMID: 36316361 PMCID: PMC9622822 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that probiotic interventions reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are still unclear. To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum H6 (L.p H6), a new commercial patent strain capable of preventing hypercholesterolemia, and its mechanism in depth, three states of the strain were prepared, namely, viable (vH6), heat-inactivated (iH6), and ultrasonically-lysed (uH6) bacteria cells. The results showed that v/i/uH6 cells could lower serum and liver blood lipid levels, alleviate liver damage and improve glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) indexes. v/i/uH6 cells improved the gut microbial composition and significantly reduced the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) in feces. In particular, Muribaculaceae may be a potential biomarker for effective cholesterol reduction. Also, the recovery of these biochemical indices and gut microbiome was found following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using stool from vH6 treated mice. The v/i/uH6 cells increased the intestinal flora metabolism of vitamins-cofactors, as well as amino acids, while decreasing the relative content of primary bile acids. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus had a negative correlation with blood lipid levels. Overall, v/i/uH6 cells were effective in improving hypercholesterolemia in mice, and this effect was attributed partly to the regulation of intestinal microbiota and metabolites related to lipid metabolism. Our findings provided a theoretical basis for the industrial development of probiotics and postbiotics and the treatment of cholesterol diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yang
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Huijing Ma
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Dayong Ren
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ping Chen
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
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Briggs AM, Hambly MG, Simão-Gurge RM, Garrison SM, Khaku Z, Van Susteren G, Lewis EE, Riffell JA, Luckhart S. Anopheles stephensi Feeding, Flight Behavior, and Infection With Malaria Parasites are Altered by Ingestion of Serotonin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:911097. [PMID: 35747317 PMCID: PMC9209645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.911097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3.4 billion people are at risk of malaria, a disease caused by infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites, which are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Individuals with severe falciparum malaria often exhibit changes in circulating blood levels of biogenic amines, including reduced serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and these changes are associated with disease pathology. In insects, 5-HT functions as an important neurotransmitter for many behaviors and biological functions. In Anopheles stephensi, we show that 5-HT is localized to innervation in the head, thorax, and midgut, suggesting a gut-to-brain signaling axis that could support the effects of ingested 5-HT on mosquito biology and behavioral responses. Given the changes in blood levels of 5-HT associated with severe malaria and the key roles that 5-HT plays in insect neurophysiology, we investigated the impact of ingesting blood with healthy levels of 5-HT (1.5 µM) or malaria-associated levels of 5-HT (0.15 µM) on various aspects of A. stephensi biology. In these studies, we provisioned 5-HT and monitored fecundity, lifespan, flight behavior, and blood feeding of A. stephensi. We also assessed the impact of 5-HT ingestion on infection of A. stephensi with the mouse malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL and the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Our data show that ingestion of 5-HT associated with severe malaria increased mosquito flight velocity and investigation of visual objects in response to host odor (CO2). 5-HT ingestion in blood at levels associated with severe malaria also increased the tendency to take a second blood meal 4 days later in uninfected A. stephensi. In mosquitoes infected with P. y. yoelii 17XNL, feeding tendency was decreased when midgut oocysts were present but increased when sporozoites were present. In addition to these effects, treatment of A. stephensi with 5-HT associated with severe malaria increased infection success with P. y. yoelii 17XNL compared to control, while treatment with healthy levels of 5-HT decreased infection success with P. falciparum. These changes in mosquito behavior and infection success could be used as a basis to manipulate 5-HT signaling in vector mosquitoes for improved control of malaria parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Briggs
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Malayna G. Hambly
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Raquel M. Simão-Gurge
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Sarah M. Garrison
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Zainab Khaku
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Grace Van Susteren
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edwin E. Lewis
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Riffell
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Sudar-Milovanovic E, Gluvic Z, Obradovic M, Zaric B, Isenovic ER. Tryptophan Metabolism in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:99-113. [PMID: 34269660 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210714153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) undergoes catabolism through several pathways, producing biologically active metabolites that significantly impact physiological processes. The metabolic pathway responsible for the majority of Trp catabolism is the kynurenine synthesis pathway (KP). Serotonin and melatonin are among the most essential Trp pathways degradation products. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in Trp metabolism and the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small and medium arteries wall caused by maladaptive local immune responses, which underpins several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Systemic low-grade immune-mediated inflammation is implicated in atherosclerosis where pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), play a significant role. IFN-γ upregulates the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), decreasing serum levels of the Trp and increasing metabolite levels of kynurenine. Increased IDO expression and activity could accelerate the atherosclerosis process. Therefore, activated IDO inhibition could offer possible treatment options regarding atherosclerosis management. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that, over time, leads to severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. Trp serum levels and lower activity of IDO were higher in future type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. This article reviews recent findings on the link between mammalian Trp metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis and diabetes and outlines the intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Bozidarka Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
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