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Zhou Y, Eid T, Hassel B, Danbolt NC. Novel aspects of glutamine synthetase in ammonia homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Inorganic phosphate, arsenate, and vanadate enhance exonuclease transcript cleavage by RNA polymerase by 2000-fold. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2746-2751. [PMID: 29483274 PMCID: PMC5856549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720370115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic Pi is involved in all major biochemical pathways. Here we describe a previously unreported activity of Pi We show that Pi and its structural mimics, vanadate and arsenate, enhance nascent transcript cleavage by RNA polymerase (RNAP). They engage an Mg2+ ion in catalysis and activate an attacking water molecule. Pi, vanadate, and arsenate stimulate the intrinsic exonuclease activity of the enzyme nearly 2,000-fold at saturating concentrations of the reactant anions and Mg2+ This enhancement is comparable to that of specialized transcript cleavage protein factors Gre and TFIIS (3,000- to 4,000-fold). Unlike these protein factors, Pi and its analogs do not stimulate endonuclease transcript cleavage. Conversely, the protein factors only marginally enhance exonucleolytic cleavage. Pi thus complements cellular protein factors in assisting hydrolytic RNA cleavage by extending the repertoire of RNAP transcript degradation modes.
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Silva RG, Hirschi JS, Ghanem M, Murkin AS, Schramm VL. Arsenate and phosphate as nucleophiles at the transition states of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2701-9. [PMID: 21348499 DOI: 10.1021/bi200279s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of 6-oxypurine (2'-deoxy)ribonucleosides, generating (2-deoxy)ribose 1-phosphate and the purine base. Transition-state models for inosine cleavage have been proposed with bovine, human, and malarial PNPs using arsenate as the nucleophile, since kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) are obscured on phosphorolysis due to high commitment factors. The Phe200Gly mutant of human PNP has low forward and reverse commitment factors in the phosphorolytic reaction, permitting the measurement of competitive intrinsic KIEs on both arsenolysis and phosphorolysis of inosine. The intrinsic 1'-(14)C, 1'-(3)H, 2'-(2)H, 9-(15)N, and 5'-(3)H(2) KIEs for inosine were measured for arsenolysis and phosphorolysis. Except for the remote 5'-(3)H(2), and some slight difference between the 2'-(2)H KIEs, all isotope effects originating in the reaction coordinate are the same within experimental error. Hence, arsenolysis and phosphorolysis proceed through closely related transition states. Although electrostatically similar, the volume of arsenate is greater than phosphate and supports a steric influence to explain the differences in the 5'-(3)H(2) KIEs. Density functional theory calculations provide quantitative models of the transition states for Phe200Gly human PNP-catalyzed arsenolysis and phosphorolysis, selected upon matching calculated and experimental KIEs. The models confirm the striking resemblance between the transition states for the two reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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Reichard H. Serum Ornithine Carbamoyl Transferase Activity in Man A Highly Specific Test of Liver and Biliary Tract Involvement Observation on 695 Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1962.tb07214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Németi B, Gregus Z. Glutathione-supported arsenate reduction coupled to arsenolysis catalyzed by ornithine carbamoyl transferase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 239:154-61. [PMID: 19248796 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three cytosolic phosphorolytic/arsenolytic enzymes, (purine nucleoside phosphorylase [PNP], glycogen phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) have been shown to mediate reduction of arsenate (AsV) to the more toxic arsenite (AsIII) in a thiol-dependent manner. With unknown mechanism, hepatic mitochondria also reduce AsV. Mitochondria possess ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), which catalyzes phosphorolytic or arsenolytic citrulline cleavage; therefore, we examined if mitochondrial OCT facilitated AsV reduction in presence of glutathione. Isolated rat liver mitochondria were incubated with AsV, and AsIII formed was quantified. Glutathione-supplemented permeabilized or solubilized mitochondria reduced AsV. Citrulline (substrate for OCT-catalyzed arsenolysis) increased AsV reduction. The citrulline-stimulated AsV reduction was abolished by ornithine (OCT substrate inhibiting citrulline cleavage), phosphate (OCT substrate competing with AsV), and the OCT inhibitor norvaline or PALO, indicating that AsV reduction is coupled to OCT-catalyzed arsenolysis of citrulline. Corroborating this conclusion, purified bacterial OCT mediated AsV reduction in presence of citrulline and glutathione with similar responsiveness to these agents. In contrast, AsIII formation by intact mitochondria was unaffected by PALO and slightly stimulated by citrulline, ornithine, and norvaline, suggesting minimal role for OCT in AsV reduction in intact mitochondria. In addition to OCT, mitochondrial PNP can also mediate AsIII formation; however, its role in AsV reduction appears severely limited by purine nucleoside supply. Collectively, mitochondrial and bacterial OCT promote glutathione-dependent AsV reduction with coupled arsenolysis of citrulline, supporting the hypothesis that AsV reduction is mediated by phosphorolytic/arsenolytic enzymes. Nevertheless, because citrulline cleavage is disfavored physiologically, OCT may have little role in AsV reduction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Németi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Toxicology Section, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Keating MY, Rechnitz GA. Determination of Serum Ornithine Carbamyl Transferase with an Ammonia Gas-Sensing Electrode. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032718408069083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ratner S. Enzymes of arginine and urea synthesis. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 39:1-90. [PMID: 4355767 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122846.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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KREBS HA, JENSEN PK, EGGLESTON LV. Phosphorolysis of citrulline by mammalian liver; the effect of a bacterial activator. Biochem J 2000; 70:397-402. [PMID: 13596356 PMCID: PMC1196687 DOI: 10.1042/bj0700397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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EGGLESTON LV, KREBS HA. Permeability of Escherichia coli to ribose and ribose nucleotides. Biochem J 1998; 73:264-70. [PMID: 13819539 PMCID: PMC1197045 DOI: 10.1042/bj0730264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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KULHANEK V, MADEROVA V, SINDELAROVA K, VOJTISKOVA V. MODIFIED DETERMINATION OF ORNITHINE-CARBAMYL-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL. Clin Chim Acta 1996; 8:579-85. [PMID: 14063973 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(63)90108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Isobe K, Matsuzawa T, Nagamura Y. A New Enzymatic Determination of Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Activity. ANAL LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719308016812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Peltenburg HG, Janssen MA, Soeters PB, Flendrig JG, Hermens WT. Measurement of ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) in plasma by means of enzymatic determination of ammonia. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 203:395-402. [PMID: 1777999 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Peltenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Limburg, Netherlands
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Frederiks WM, Vogels IM, Fronik GM. Plasma ornithine carbamyl transferase level as an indicator of ischaemic injury of rat liver. Cell Biochem Funct 1984; 2:217-20. [PMID: 6518622 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.290020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The activity of ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum has been correlated with the extent of necrosis 24 h after different periods of ischaemia in rat liver. The extent of necrosis has been quantified as the volume density of necrosis in the total ischaemic liver lobes using tetranitro BT. The GPT-activity in serum is maximal between 1 and 5 h after different periods of ischaemia, whereas OCT reaches its maximum between 5 and 12 h after ischaemia. The total amount of leaked enzyme-activity as well as the peak value give a linear correlation with the extent of necrosis for OCT and GPT. There is a difference between the character of these two enzymes in that a small leakage of GPT does not indicate liver cell necrosis later on. However, the appearance of OCT in the blood, an enzyme localized in the mitochondrial matrix, has a predictive value for the extent of necrosis, likely to occur later on. GPT, an enzyme from the cytoplasm, can also occur in the blood during the reversible stage of liver cell damage.
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Srivenugopal K, Adiga P. Enzymic conversion of agmatine to putrescine in Lathyrus sativus seedlings. Purification and properties of a multifunctional enzyme (putrescine synthase). J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Boyde TR, Rahmatullah M. Optimization of conditions for the colorimetric determination of citrulline, using diacetyl monoxime. Anal Biochem 1980; 107:424-31. [PMID: 7435971 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gopalakrishna R, Nagarajan B. A novel approach to serum ornithine carbamyl transferase assay. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1980; 23:312-5. [PMID: 7417238 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(80)90041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rabbani P, Prasad AS. Plasma ammonia and liver ornithine transcarbamoylase activity in zinc-deficient rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1978; 235:E203-6. [PMID: 686166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.2.e203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of zinc deficiency on the activity of hepatic ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and plasma ammonia were studied in rats. One group received (ad libitum) zinc-deficient diet containing 2 ppm zinc and the other group received a diet containing 110 ppm zinc (group pair-fed control) equal to the amount consumed by zinc-deficient rats during the previous 24 h. Rats were killed at weekly intervals. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma ammonia, and hepatic OCT activity were determined. By end of the 1st wk on zinc-deficient diet, the plasma ammonia levels became significantly higher than those of the controls and remained elevated thoughout the study period. BUN increased initially for 2 wk in the deficient rats, but by the end of 4 wk the levels were lower than in the controls. The hepatic OCT activity in deficient animals was significantly lowered as compared to the controls by the 3rd wk. It is concluded that an increase in plasma ammonia may occur as a result of deficiency of zinc.
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Legrain C, Stalon V, Glansdorff N, Gigot D, Piéard A, Crabeel M. Structural and regulatory mutations allowing utilization of citrulline or carbamoylaspartate as a source of carbamoylphosphate in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 1976; 128:39-48. [PMID: 789342 PMCID: PMC232824 DOI: 10.1128/jb.128.1.39-48.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli mutants lacking carbamoylphosphate synthase require arginine and uracil for growth. It is, however, possible to obtain mutants in which carbamoylphosphate is obtained by phosphorolysis of citrulline or carbamyolaspartate. Citrulline utilizers are argG bradytrophs or strains in which the synthesis of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (either of the F or I type) is specifically depressed by unstable chromosomal rearrangements or stable mutations that presumably affect the operators of those genes. Carbamoylaspartate utilization as a source of carbamoylphosphate appears to require more than one mutation; the best-understood strains are pyrD pyrH or pyrC pyrH mutants in which aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity is high and the pool of cytidine triphosphate (feedback inhibitor of aspartate carbamoyl-transferase) is presumably low and in which channeling of carbamoylaspartate towards pyrimidine biosynthesis is considerably reduced. Selection of enzyme overproducers based on a metabolic dependency for a reversed enzymatic reaction can be regarded as a means for isolating regulatory mutants.
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Ohshita M, Takeda H, Kamiyama Y, Ozawa K, Honjo I. A direct method for the estimation of ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in serum. Clin Chim Acta 1976; 67:145-52. [PMID: 1248151 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(76)90253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity was estimated by determining the amount of citrulline produced. The citrulline was colorimetrically measured by using a diacetylmonoxime-thiosemicarbazide reaction without deproteinization. The color complex which had the maximum absorbance at 515 nm was stable at room temperature in daylight for at least several hours. The proposed method was superior to other methods already reported in sensitivity, stability and simplicity.
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Drotman RB. A study of kinetic parameters for the use of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase as an index of liver damage. FOOD AND COSMETICS TOXICOLOGY 1975; 13:649-51. [PMID: 1205439 DOI: 10.1016/0015-6264(75)90155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nunley WC, Schuit KE, Dickie MW, Kinlaw JB. Delayed, in vivo hepatic post-mortem autolysis. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY 1972; 11:289-302. [PMID: 4629354 DOI: 10.1007/bf02889410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Bodansky O. [261e] Clinical aspects of ornithine carbamyl transferase. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(71)17157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tegeris AS, Smalley HE, Earl FL, Curtis JM. Ornithine carbamyl transferase as a liver function test comparative studies in the dog, swine, and man. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1969; 14:54-66. [PMID: 5775560 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(69)90164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bengmark S, Engevik L, Olsson R. Changes in ornithine carbamoyl transferase activity in serum and in liver after partial hepatectomy in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 1968; 3:264-6. [PMID: 5708100 DOI: 10.3109/00365526809180599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Konttinen A. Simple method for determination of ornithine transcarbamylase activity in serum. Clin Chim Acta 1967; 18:147-50. [PMID: 6076273 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(67)90148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Einheber A, Wren RE, Rosen H, Martin LK. Ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in plasma of mice with malaria as an index of liver damage. Nature 1967; 215:1489-91. [PMID: 6059569 DOI: 10.1038/2151489a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Moore F. A micromethod for the routine estimation of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity. Clin Chim Acta 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(67)90331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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VINCENT WF, CAMERON JA. MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1964; 85:498-500. [PMID: 14194867 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6569(64)90317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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HELLMAN B, LARSSON S. Transaminase and transferase activities in the pancreatic islet tissue of the teleostCottus quadricornis L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962; 18:180-1. [PMID: 13906275 DOI: 10.1007/bf02151716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jones ME. [124a] Carbamyl phosphate synthesis and utilization. Methods Enzymol 1962. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(62)05336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Marshall M, Metzenberg R, Cohen PP. Physical and Kinetic Properties of Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase from Frog Liver. J Biol Chem 1961. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bone DH. Metabolism of Citrulline and Ornithine in Mung Bean Mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1959; 34:171-5. [PMID: 16655196 PMCID: PMC541167 DOI: 10.1104/pp.34.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Bone
- DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, ENGLAND
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Krebs HA, Kornberg HL, Burton K. A survey of the energy transformations in living matter. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1957. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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EGGLESTON LV. The effects of phosphates, arsenates and nucleotides on L-amino acid decarboxylases. Biochem J 1957; 65:735-44. [PMID: 13426093 PMCID: PMC1199945 DOI: 10.1042/bj0650735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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REICHARD H. Determination of ornithine carbamyl transferase with microdiffusion technique. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1957; 9:311-2. [PMID: 13495353 DOI: 10.3109/00365515709079977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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REICHARD H. A new specific liver test: determination of ornithine-carbamyl transferase in human serum. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1957; 9:103-4. [PMID: 13432645 DOI: 10.3109/00365515709088125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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