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PETTER A, SCHLEMMER W, ZIPF K. On the Chemical Structure of Lysolecithins. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 13:636-7. [PMID: 14038335 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1961.tb11883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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FOGERTY AC, WHITFIELD FB, SVORONOS D, FORD GL. Effect of heat on the fatty acids and aldehydes of veal meat phospholipids. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Long C, Staples DA. Chromatographic separation of brain lipids: cerebroside and sulphatide. Biochem J 2006; 78:179-85. [PMID: 16748866 PMCID: PMC1205193 DOI: 10.1042/bj0780179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Long
- Biochemistry Division, Physiology Department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. 2
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Hikita T, Tadano-Aritomi K, Iida-Tanaka N, Anand JK, Ishizuka I. A novel plasmal conjugate to glycerol and psychosine ("glyceroplasmalopsychosine"): isolation and characterization from bovine brain white matter. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:23084-91. [PMID: 11294874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101288200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel plasmal conjugate of glycosphingolipid having cationic lipid properties was isolated from the white matter of bovine brain. Linkage analysis of galactosyl residue by methylation, liquid secondary ion, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of intact and methylated derivatives, and by (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy, identified the structure unambiguously as an O-acetal conjugate of plasmal to the primary hydroxyl group of glycerol and to the 6-hydroxyl group of galactosyl residue of beta-galactosyl 1-->1 sphingosine (psychosine). This novel compound is hereby termed "glyceroplasmalopsychosine"; its structure is shown below (see text).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hikita
- Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122-4327, USA
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WEGNER GH, FOSTER EM. Incorporation of isobutyrate and valerate into cellular plasmalogen by Bacteroides succinogenes. J Bacteriol 1998; 85:53-61. [PMID: 13999496 PMCID: PMC278089 DOI: 10.1128/jb.85.1.53-61.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wegner, G. H. (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and E. M. Foster. Incorporation of isobutyrate and valerate into cellular plasmalogen by Bacteroides succinogenes. J. Bacteriol. 85:53-61. 1963.-Bacteroides succinogenes was found to require both a branched-chain volatile fatty acid (e.g., isobutyric) and a straight-chain acid (e.g., valeric) for growth. The organism used the acids as precursors for the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and fatty aldehydes, which in turn were employed in the synthesis of phospholipid, mainly ethanolamine plasmalogen. Isobutyric acid was incorporated primarily into branched-chain C(14) and C(16) acids (tentatively identified as 12-methyl tridecanoic and 14-methyl pentadecanoic acids, respectively), and into fatty aldehydes. Valeric acid was used mainly for the synthesis of n-C(13) and n-C(15) fatty acids and fatty aldehydes. Apparently the two short-chain fatty acids were built up by the addition of two-carbon units to form the long-chain acids and aldehydes of the plasmalogen.
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GRAY GM. The phospholipids of ox spleen with special reference to the fatty acid and fatty aldehyde compositions of the lecithin and kephalin fractions. Biochem J 1998; 77:82-91. [PMID: 13708049 PMCID: PMC1204903 DOI: 10.1042/bj0770082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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MENZEL DB, OLCOTT HS. POSITIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FATTY ACIDS IN FISH AND OTHER ANIMAL LECITHINS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 84:133-9. [PMID: 14181289 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6542(64)90069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine and Lysophosphatidylethanolamine belong to a group of phospholipids generally termed cephalins. The phospholipids are universally distributed among living organisms and are thought to be essential components of cell membranes. From the quantities of lipoidal and protein material found in cell membranes (Danielli and Stein, 1956) together with surface tension and related studies (Danielli and Harvey, 1935; Danielli and Davson, 1935), the membranes are considered to consist of a bimolecular leaflet of lipids with a unimolecular layer of protein adsorbed onto the polar surface.
The course of investigation of the cephalin fraction has not been reviewed in recent years, and here is discussed the general scope of the work in this field, under the headings of preparation, structure, synthesis and physical properties.
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Knörr W, Spiteller G. Simple method for the analysis of glycerol enol ethers derived from plasmalogens in complex lipid mixtures and subsequent determination of the aldehydic components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 526:303-18. [PMID: 2361975 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol enol ethers, obtained by the reduction of plasmalogens with lithium aluminum hydride, can be converted into glycerol alk-(1)-enyl ether bismethyl ethers with diazomethane in the presence of silica gel. Their mass spectra allow the position of the enol ether group in glycerol unit to be deduced. Branches in the aldehydic components of the glycerol alk-(1)-enyl ether bismethyl ethers can be identified unequivocally by preparation of the 2-alkyl-1,3-dithiolanes, desulphurization with Raney nickel and deuterium to hydrocarbons and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Knörr
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, F.R.G
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Clejan S, Guffanti AA, Cohen MA, Krulwich TA. Mutation of Bacillus firmus OF4 to duramycin resistance results in substantial replacement of membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine by its plasmalogen form. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:1744-6. [PMID: 2921248 PMCID: PMC209809 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1744-1746.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant strains of alkalophilic Bacillus firmus OF4 that were selected for resistance to duramycin had greatly reduced levels of membrane diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, as had been found in studies of such mutants of Bacillus subtilis. In the B. firmus strains, however, substantial levels of plasmenylethanolamine were found. This is an unusual membrane component for an aerobic eubacterium, but the presence of trace amounts even in the wild type was confirmed in experiments with 32Pi-labeled growth medium. The membrane lipid composition of the duramycin-resistant strains had several other changes that also left alkalophilic growth unimpaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clejan
- Department of Pathology, City Hospital Center at Elmhurst, New York
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Kasp-Grochowska E, Glynn LE. The role of the plasmalogen in the cross-reaction between group A streptococcus and human myocardium. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 1977; 58:359-77. [PMID: 334233 PMCID: PMC2041214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-soluble mycardial material which reacts with anti-streptococcal sera in a number of immunological tests has been isolated and identified as ethanolamine plasmalogen. The reactions of cardiac plasmalogen with antistreptococcal sera was specific and could be inhibited by streptococcus-derived materials. Guinea-pigs sensitized to streptococci gave positive skin reactions when challenged with myocardial plasmalogen. The pattern of the immunofluorescent staining given by antiplasmalogen sera was very much like that given by antistreptococcal sera. Nevertheless, the plasmalogen failed to compete for tissue-bound myocardial antigens when tried as an inhibitor of the immunofluorescent staining of myocardium either by antistreptococcal sera or by antiplasmalogen sera. A hypothesis of the role of the plasmalogen in the formation of complexes between streptococci and myocardium-derived material in the initiation of autoimmune processes is presented.
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Khuller G, Goldfine H. Phospholipids of Clostridium butyricum. V. Effects of growth temperature on fatty acid, alk-1-enyl ether group, and phospholipid composition. J Lipid Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Panganamala RV, Horrocks LA, Geer JC, Cornwell DG. Positions of double bonds in the monounsaturated alk-1-enyl groups from the plasmalogens of human heart and brain. Chem Phys Lipids 1971; 6:97-102. [PMID: 5557221 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(71)90031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Johnson CB, Pearson AM, Dugan LR. Gas chromatographic analysis of the dimethylhydrazones of long chain aldehydes. Lipids 1970; 5:958-63. [PMID: 5500181 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Piantadosi C, Snyder F. Plasmalogens and related derivatives: their chemistry and metabolism. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59:283-97. [PMID: 4906440 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600590302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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A simple procedure for the quantitative hydrolysis of 0-alk-1-enyl ethers, acetals and ketals. Chem Phys Lipids 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(69)90047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Panganamala RV, Buntine DW, Geer JC, Cornwell DG. Alk-1-enyl groups of glycerophosphatides from human aortic intima, plasma and erythrocytes. Chem Phys Lipids 1969; 3:401-4. [PMID: 5370226 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(69)90045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mahadevan V. Gas chromatographic separation and determination of saturated and unsaturated fatty aldehydes. J Chromatogr A 1969; 43:492-6. [PMID: 5810998 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)99233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Panganamala R, Geer JC, Cornwell DG. Long-chain bases in the sphingolipids of atherosclerotic human aorta. J Lipid Res 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)43074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Waku K, Lands WEM. Acyl Coenzyme A:1-Alkenyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine Acyltransferase Action in Plasmalogen Biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Long C, Odavić R, Sargent EJ. The chemical nature of the products obtained by the action of cabbage-leaf phospholipase D on lysolecithin: the structure of lysolecithin. Biochem J 1967; 102:221-9. [PMID: 4291559 PMCID: PMC1270232 DOI: 10.1042/bj1020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Lysolecithin, prepared by the action of snake-venom phospholipase A on ovolecithin, when incubated with Savoy-cabbage phospholipase D, in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, gave two degradation products (designated A and B) in the form of their calcium salts. 2. These calcium salts were separated quantitatively by solvent fractionation and converted into the corresponding sodium salts. 3. Substance B proved to be a lysophosphatidic acid of conventional structure (1-monoacyl-l-3-glycerophosphoric acid). When the phosphate group was removed by means of prostatic acid phosphomonoesterase, a 1-monoglyceride was formed quantitatively. Alkaline hydrolysis gave the theoretical yield of l-3-glycerophosphate. 4. Substance A, on the other hand, had all the properties expected for a cyclic phosphate of a 1-monoglyceride. It was unaffected by phosphomonoesterase. On alkaline hydrolysis, the acyl group was removed and ring opening of the presumed cyclic phosphate group gave an approximately equimolar mixture of 2- and l-3-glycerophosphates. 5. The structures of substances A and B confirm lysolecithin as 1-monoacyl-l-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine.
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Mahadevan V, Viswanathan CV, Lundberg WO. Thin-layer chromatography of homologues and vinylogues of higher fatty aldehydes, dimethyl acetals, and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. J Chromatogr A 1966; 24:357-63. [PMID: 5968230 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)98171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Craig JC, Hamon DP, Purushothaman KK, Roy SK, Lands WE. Optical rotatory dispersion and absolute configuration. V. The absolute configuration of natural plasmalogen. Tetrahedron 1966; 22:175-8. [PMID: 5927157 DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(66)80115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mahadevan V, Phillips F, Lundberg W. Direct conversion of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of palmitaldehyde to its dimethyl acetal. J Lipid Res 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Quantification and fatty acid and fatty aldehyde composition of ethanolamine, choline, and serine glycerophosphatides in human cerebral grey and white matter. J Lipid Res 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Übersichten und Allgemeines. Clin Chem Lab Med 1964. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1964.2.2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kaufmann HP, Wessels H, Bondopadhyaya C. Dünnschicht-Chromatographie auf dem Fettgebiet XI: Die Analyse der Lecithine und der hydrolytischen Spaltprodukte der Phosphatide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19630650705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bennett JR, Tattrie NH. THE ACYLATION OF MONOACYL-L-α-GLYCERYLPHOSPHORYLCHOLINE UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961. [DOI: 10.1139/o61-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoacyl-L-α-GPC's (lysolecithins) were converted to their cadmium chloride complexes and acylated with myristoyl chloride in chloroform in the presence and in the absence of pyridine. Both preparations of the diacyl-L-α-GPC's were reacted with phospholipase A of Crotalus adamanteus venom, and the nature of the fatty acids released, as well as the lysolecithin fatty acids, was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The compositions of the fatty acids were different in the two preparations. These findings could indicate that acyl migration occurs during the acylation of the lysolecithin cadmium chloride complexes both in the presence and absence of pyridine, or that phospholipase A does not invariably remove the acyl group attached to the β-position in lecithin. The nature and possible causes of these variations are discussed.
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de HAAS G, van DEENEN L. The mode of action of phospholipase A on synthetic “mixed-acid” l-α-phosphatidyl ethanolamines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1961; 48:215-6. [PMID: 13710187 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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