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Murano G. The Molecular Structure of Fibrinogen. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:131-147. [PMID: 38000903 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis (STH) celebrates 50 years of publishing in 2024. To celebrate this landmark event, STH is republishing some archival material. This manuscript represents the first full paper ever published in STH. The manuscript published without an abstract, and essentially covered in considerable detail the molecular structure of fibrinogen, as was known at that time. Fittingly, it covers some historical perspectives, the physicochemical properties and structure of fibrinogen across several species of animals (including humans) and its transformation into fibrin. We hope the readers of STH enjoy this journey into the past. This manuscript is accompanied by a Commentary that reflects on this past, as well as the journey towards contemporary understanding of the molecular structure of fibrinogen. As this is a republication of archival material, transformed into a modern format, we apologise in advance for any errors introduced during this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesio Murano
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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2
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Kumagai T, Kihira Y, Fujimura Y, Miyago K, Katayama C, Matsutani N, Inoue H, Tsuruta Y, Yoshitomi H, Sato E. [Stability of Insulin in Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:577-584. [PMID: 32238640 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elneopa NF No. 1 and No. 2 infusions are complete parenteral nutrition solutions packaged as four-chambered bags. They have been used for home parenteral nutrition, with insulin injected into the bags for patients whose blood glucose becomes elevated. In this study, the stability of insulin in No. 1 and No. 2 bags was investigated. The quantity of insulin in Elneopa NF No. 2 was significantly lower than that in Elneopa NF No. 1. When insulin was injected into the upper chamber of either product, decreases in insulin levels were not observed. In contrast, the levels of insulin injected into the lower chamber of both products significantly decreased, with a larger difference in Elneopa NF No. 2. As the amino acid content is different between No. 1 and No. 2, amino acids may be considered a potential cause for the degradation of insulin in the bags. In addition, decreases in insulin levels were observed as the solutions passed through infusion sets just after flushing began, with both Elneopa NF No. 1 and No. 2. In conclusion, the concentration of insulin injected into the Elneopa infusion bags decreases, especially in No. 2 bags, and insulin is absorbed by the infusion sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Yoshino Fujimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Ken Miyago
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Chiaki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Nozomu Matsutani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Yasuto Tsuruta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Hironori Yoshitomi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Eiji Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
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Valero E, Tronchoni J, Morales P, Gonzalez R. Autophagy is required for sulfur dioxide tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:599-604. [PMID: 31638329 PMCID: PMC7017813 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfiting agents are among the most widely used preservatives in the food and beverages industries, including winemaking, and one of their main functions is inhibition of spoilage microorganisms. We have used a whole genome quantitative fitness analysis in order to improve our knowledge on yeast tolerance to sulfites. Apart from the contribution of sulfite efflux to tolerance, results point to vesicle‐mediated transport, autophagy and vacuolar activity as the main cellular functions required to survive sulfite challenges. The involvement of autophagic and vacuolar functions in sulfite tolerance was further confirmed by pairwise competition using a newly constructed atg2‐defective strain, as well as by showing induction of ATG8 expression by sulfite. Autophagy is required for the turnover of proteins and subcellular structures damaged by sulfite. In addition, the requirement for vacuolar functions might be related to its role in intracellular pH homeostasis. Finally, the involvement of the sulfite pump Ssu1 and the transcription factor Fzf1 in sulfite tolerance by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was confirmed; a result that validates the experimental approach used in this work. These findings have relevance for understanding sulfite toxicity and tolerance, as well as for the eventual design of strategies aiming to control yeast spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jordi Tronchoni
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Pilar Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Nirasawa S, Tatsumi E, Li X, Cheng Y. Effects of konjac glucomannan on heat-induced changes of wheat gluten structure. Food Chem 2017; 229:409-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Truong HH, Neilson KA, McInerney BV, Khoddami A, Roberts TH, Liu SY, Selle PH. Sodium metabisulphite enhances energy utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets with five different grain varieties. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228) as food additives. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Merín MG, Martín MC, Rantsiou K, Cocolin L, de Ambrosini VIM. Characterization of pectinase activity for enology from yeasts occurring in Argentine Bonarda grape. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:815-23. [PMID: 26413065 PMCID: PMC4568883 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246320140160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectinolytic enzymes are greatly important in winemaking due to their ability to degrade pectic polymers from grape, contributing to enhance process efficiency and wine quality. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of pectinolytic yeasts during spontaneous fermentation of Argentine Bonarda grape, to select yeasts that produce extracellular pectinases and to characterize their pectinolytic activity under wine-like conditions. Isolated yeasts were grouped using PCR-DGGE and identified by partial sequencing of 26S rRNA gene. Isolates comprised 7 genera, with Aureobasidium pullulans as the most predominant pectinolytic species, followed by Rhodotorula dairenensis and Cryptococcus saitoi. No pectinolytic activity was detected among ascomycetous yeasts isolated on grapes and during fermentation, suggesting a low occurrence of pectinolytic yeast species in wine fermentation ecosystem. This is the first study reporting R. dairenensis and Cr. saitoi species with pectinolytic activity. R. dairenensis GM-15 produced pectinases that proved to be highly active at grape pH, at 12 °C, and under ethanol and SO2 concentrations usually found in vinifications (pectinase activity around 1.1 U/mL). This strain also produced cellulase activity at 12 °C and pH 3.5, but did not produce β-glucosidase activity under these conditions. The strain showed encouraging enological properties for its potential use in low-temperature winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Merín
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina . ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina . ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vilma Inés Morata de Ambrosini
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina . ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Merín M, Morata de Ambrosini V. Highly cold-active pectinases under wine-like conditions from non-Saccharomyces
yeasts for enzymatic production during winemaking. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:467-74. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Merín
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; San Rafael Mendoza Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; San Rafael Mendoza Argentina
| | - V.I. Morata de Ambrosini
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; San Rafael Mendoza Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; San Rafael Mendoza Argentina
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9
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Tanabe K, Wada J, Ohkubo J, Nitta A, Ikezaki T, Takeuchi M, Handa A, Tanaka M, Murakami N, Kashii T, Kitazawa H. Stability of octreotide acetate decreases in a sodium bisulfate concentration-dependent manner: compatibility study with morphine and metoclopramide injections. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2015; 22:171-175. [PMID: 25984298 PMCID: PMC4431342 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2014-000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium bisulfate is known to affect the stability of octreotide. However, the critical concentration of sodium bisulfate is not known. Therefore, we assessed the critical concentration of sodium bisulfate needed to preserve the stability of octreotide using actual drugs containing sodium bisulfate. Methods Although morphine and metoclopramide preparations are considered to be compatible with octreotide, some of their products are known to contain sodium bisulfate. Thus, octreotide was mixed with preparations of sodium bisulfate solutions at serial concentrations and morphine and metoclopramide preparations containing sodium bisulfate, and octreotide stability was then evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography. Results Octreotide concentrations decreased significantly at a sodium bisulfate concentration of 0.1 mg/mL or higher after 10 days when octreotide was mixed with sodium bisulfate solutions at various concentrations. A significant decrease in octreotide concentrations also occurred when it was mixed with morphine and metoclopramide preparations containing sodium bisulfate and stored for 10 days; however, slight decreases were observed in the mixture with both preparations and were within the clinically acceptable range for morphine preparations. Conclusions These results indicate that the residual rate of octreotide decreases with time in a sodium bisulfate concentration-dependent manner when octreotide was mixed with morphine or metoclopramide. However, this incompatibility may be clinically acceptable when the final sodium bisulfate concentration is lower than 0.1 mg/mL and the mixed solution is used within 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy & Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan ; Department of Medical Oncology , Toyama University Hospital , Toyama , Japan
| | - Junko Wada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy & Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Jun Ohkubo
- Department of Pharmacy , Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka , Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy & Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikezaki
- Department of Pharmacy , Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka , Japan
| | - Miyako Takeuchi
- Department of Pharmacy , Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka , Japan
| | - Aya Handa
- Department of Pharmacy , Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka , Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy , Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka , Japan
| | - Nozomu Murakami
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery , Himi Municipal Hospital of Kanazawa Medical University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kashii
- Department of Medical Oncology , Toyama University Hospital , Toyama , Japan
| | - Hidenori Kitazawa
- Department of Pharmacy , Saiseikai Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka , Japan
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10
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Mattison CP, Desormeaux WA, Wasserman RL, Yoshioka-Tarver M, Condon B, Grimm CC. Decreased immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to cashew allergens following sodium sulfite treatment and heating. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6746-6755. [PMID: 24926808 DOI: 10.1021/jf501117p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cashew nut and other nut allergies can result in serious and sometimes life-threatening reactions. Linear and conformational epitopes within food allergens are important for immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding. Methods that disrupt allergen structure can lower IgE binding and lessen the likelihood of food allergy reactions. Previous structural and biochemical data have indicated that 2S albumins from tree nuts and peanuts are potent allergens, and that their structures are sensitive to strong reducing agents such as dithiothreitol. This study demonstrates that the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compound sodium sulfite effectively disrupted the structure of the cashew 2S albumin, Ana o 3, in a temperature-dependent manner. This study also showed that sulfite is effective at disrupting the disulfide bond within the cashew legumin, Ana o 2. Immunoblotting and ELISA demonstrated that the binding of cashew proteins by rabbit IgG or IgE from cashew-allergic patients was markedly lowered following treatment with sodium sulfite and heating. The results indicate that incorporation of sodium sulfite, or other food grade reagents with similar redox potential, may be useful processing methods to lower or eliminate IgE binding to food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Mattison
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
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11
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Selle P, Liu S, Cai J, Caldwell R, Cowieson A. Graded inclusions of sodium metabisulphite in sorghum-based diets: I. Reduction of disulphide cross-linkages in vitro and enhancement of energy utilisation and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Venceslau SS, Stockdreher Y, Dahl C, Pereira IAC. The "bacterial heterodisulfide" DsrC is a key protein in dissimilatory sulfur metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1148-64. [PMID: 24662917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DsrC is a small protein present in organisms that dissimilate sulfur compounds, working as a physiological partner of the DsrAB sulfite reductase. DsrC contains two redox active cysteines in a flexible carboxy-terminal arm that are involved in the process of sulfite reduction or sulfur(1) compound oxidation in sulfur-reducing(2) or sulfur-oxidizing(3) organisms, respectively. In both processes, a disulfide formed between the two cysteines is believed to serve as the substrate of several proteins present in these organisms that are related to heterodisulfide reductases of methanogens. Here, we review the information on DsrC and its possible physiological partners, and discuss the idea that this protein may serve as a redox hub linking oxidation of several substrates to dissimilative sulfur metabolism. In addition, we analyze the distribution of proteins of the DsrC superfamily, including TusE that only requires the last Cys of the C-terminus for its role in the biosynthesis of 2-thiouridine, and a new protein that we name RspA (for regulatory sulfur-related protein) that is possibly involved in the regulation of gene expression and does not need the conserved Cys for its function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 18th European Bioenergetic Conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Venceslau
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Y Stockdreher
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - C Dahl
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - I A C Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Selle P, Liu S, Cai J, Caldwell R, Cowieson A. Preliminary assessment of including a reducing agent (sodium metabisulphite) in ‘all-sorghum’ diets for broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haque MA, Aldred P, Chen J, Barrow CJ, Adhikari B. Comparative study of denaturation of whey protein isolate (WPI) in convective air drying and isothermal heat treatment processes. Food Chem 2013; 141:702-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Konjac glucomannan-induced changes in thiol/disulphide exchange and gluten conformation upon dough mixing. Food Chem 2013; 143:163-9. [PMID: 24054226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the changes in gluten upon dough mixing were investigated in this study. Wheat flour was blended with KGM and processed into dough. Farinographic analysis showed that KGM caused a significant increase in water absorption and dough development time to reach maximum consistency. Comparison of electrophoretic protein profile from control dough and KGM-dough revealed that protein fractions were similar in molecular size distribution, but the lability of glutenin aggregates slightly differed. Addition of KGM to gluten induced negative effects on exchange between sulfhydryl groups and disulphide bonds. Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopy indicated that secondary structure of gluten proteins was differentially modified related with water absorption of flours before dough formation. This study reveals that when KGM is added to the dough, conformational behaviours of gluten proteins are changed and the hydroxyl groups of KGM might be involved in the interaction by forming strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding system.
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Stockdreher Y, Venceslau SS, Josten M, Sahl HG, Pereira IAC, Dahl C. Cytoplasmic sulfurtransferases in the purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum: evidence for sulfur transfer from DsrEFH to DsrC. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40785. [PMID: 22815818 PMCID: PMC3397948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of sulfur transfer reactions is well established for a number of biosynthetic pathways, evidence has only started to emerge that sulfurtransferases may also be major players in sulfur-based microbial energy metabolism. Among the first organisms studied in this regard is the phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum. During the oxidation of reduced sulfur species to sulfate this Gammaproteobacterium accumulates sulfur globules. Low molecular weight organic persulfides have been proposed as carrier molecules transferring sulfur from the periplasmic sulfur globules into the cytoplasm where it is further oxidized via the “Dsr” (dissimilatory sulfite reductase) proteins. We have suggested earlier that the heterohexameric protein DsrEFH is the direct or indirect acceptor for persulfidic sulfur imported into the cytoplasm. This proposal originated from the structural similarity of DsrEFH with the established sulfurtransferase TusBCD from E. coli. As part of a system for tRNA modification TusBCD transfers sulfur to TusE, a homolog of another crucial component of the A. vinosum Dsr system, namely DsrC. Here we show that neither DsrEFH nor DsrC have the ability to mobilize sulfane sulfur directly from low molecular weight thiols like thiosulfate or glutathione persulfide. However, we demonstrate that DsrEFH binds sulfur specifically to the conserved cysteine residue DsrE-Cys78 in vitro. Sulfur atoms bound to cysteines in DsrH and DsrF were not detected. DsrC was exclusively persulfurated at DsrC-Cys111 in the penultimate position of the protein. Most importantly, we show that persulfurated DsrEFH indeed serves as an effective sulfur donor for DsrC in vitro. The active site cysteines Cys78 of DsrE and Cys20 of DsrH furthermore proved to be essential for sulfur oxidation in vivo supporting the notion that DsrEFH and DsrC are part of a sulfur relay system that transfers sulfur from a persulfurated carrier molecule to the dissimilatory sulfite reductase DsrAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Stockdreher
- Institut für Mikrobiologie and Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sofia S. Venceslau
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michaele Josten
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie and Parasitologie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Mikrobiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sahl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie and Parasitologie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Mikrobiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inês A. C. Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christiane Dahl
- Institut für Mikrobiologie and Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Nötzold H, Schlegel B, Tinius I, Freimuth U. Vergleichende amperometrische und polarographische Messungen an alkalibehandeltem β-Lactoglobulin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19720120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Varshney CK, Garg JK, Lauenroth WK, Heitschmidt RK. Plant responses to sulfur dioxide pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10643387909381667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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SHORE J. Mechanism of Reaction of Proteins with Reactive Dyes:III-Reactivity of Soluble Proteins with Chlorotriazine Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1968.tb02791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cort JR, Selan U, Schulte A, Grimm F, Kennedy MA, Dahl C. Allochromatium vinosum DsrC: solution-state NMR structure, redox properties, and interaction with DsrEFH, a protein essential for purple sulfur bacterial sulfur oxidation. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:692-707. [PMID: 18656485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sequenced genomes of dissimilatory sulfur-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria containing genes coding for DsrAB, the enzyme dissimilatory sulfite reductase, inevitably also contain the gene coding for the 12-kDa DsrC protein. DsrC is thought to have a yet unidentified role associated with the activity of DsrAB. Here we report the solution structure of DsrC from the sulfur-oxidizing purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum determined with NMR spectroscopy in reducing conditions, and we describe the redox behavior of two conserved cysteine residues upon transfer to an oxidizing environment. In reducing conditions, the DsrC structure is disordered in the highly conserved carboxy-terminus. We present multiple lines of evidence that, in oxidizing conditions, a strictly conserved cysteine (Cys111) at the penultimate position in the sequence forms an intramolecular disulfide bond with Cys100, which is conserved in DsrC in all organisms with DsrAB. While an intermolecular Cys111-Cys111 disulfide-bonded dimer is rapidly formed under oxidizing conditions, the intramolecularly disulfide-bonded species (Cys100-Cys111) is the thermodynamically stable form of the protein under these conditions. Treatment of the disulfidic forms with reducing agent regenerates the monomeric species that was structurally characterized. Using a band-shift technique under nondenaturing conditions, we obtained evidence for the interaction of DsrC with heterohexameric DsrEFH, a protein encoded in the same operon. Mutation of Cys100 to serine prevented formation of the DsrC species assigned as an intramolecular disulfide in oxidizing conditions, while still allowing formation of the intermolecular Cys111-Cys111 dimer. In the reduced form, this mutant protein still interacted with DsrEFH. This was not the case for the Cys111Ser and Cys100Ser/Cys111Ser mutants, both of which also did not form protein dimers. Our observations highlight the central importance of the carboxy-terminal DsrC cysteine residues and are consistent with a role as a sulfur-substrate binding/transferring protein, as well as with an electron-transfer function via thiol-disulfide interchanges.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Cort
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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22
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Florence TM. Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Study of The Release of Inorganic Sulfide from Proteins in Alkaline Media. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032717808059743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
1. The reaction of the disulphide bonds of the predominant species of human and rabbit gamma-globulins (the 7s gamma-globulins) with sulphite was studied in the presence and absence of denaturing agents and heavy-metal reagents. 2. The total number of bonds reacting/mol. of mol.wt. 160000 was approx. 18 for human and 20 for rabbit gamma-globulin. 3. Six S.S bonds/mol. of human and 6.5 S.S bonds/mol. of rabbit gamma-globulin reacted with sulphite alone at pH6. These appeared to include all the interchain S.S bonds. 4. The number of free SH groups was less than 0.2/mol. of human and less than 0.3/mol. of rabbit gamma-globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cecil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford
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25
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Abstract
1. A method is described for the estimation of thiol ester groups. The thiol ester is converted into the corresponding thiol by reaction with ammonia; the thiol is then titrated amperometrically with mercuric chloride. 2. The method may be used in the presence of SH and S.S groups. The SH groups are titrated at pH3 in the presence of excess of chloride; under these conditions thiol esters do not react with mercuric chloride. Thiol ester plus thiol is then estimated by titration after reaction with ammonia. Finally, titration after reaction with ammonia and sulphite gives the thiol ester plus thiol plus disulphide. 3. The procedure has been applied to glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase. The enzyme was found to contain 15-16 SH groups/mol. and no S.S groups. After reaction with acetyl phosphate 1.8-3.5 thiol ester groups were detected, the number depending on the conditions of acetylation. In the absence of bound NAD, the number of thiol ester groups formed was 1.8/mol., although a value of 2.9 labile acetyl groups/mol. was given by the method of Lipmann & Tuttle (1945). The presence of thiol ester groups in the S-(d-3-phosphoglyceryl)-enzyme was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cecil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford
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Owusu-Apenten R. Colorimetric Analysis of Protein Sulfhydyl Groups in Milk: Applications and Processing Effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:1-23. [PMID: 15730186 DOI: 10.1080/10408690590900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methods for protein sulfhydryl (SH) group analysis in food systems have been largely overlooked. Nevertheless, changes in SH group concentration affect both physical and nutritional characteristics of high protein foods and ingredients. Food scientists and technologists require improved understanding of protein SH chemistry in order to design processes that minimize loss of thiol groups. This article surveys colorimetric methods for food protein SH group analysis with applications to fluid milk and dried milk powder. Most colorimetric assays (chloromeribenzoate, pyridine disulfide, Nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, papain reactivation assay, etc.) were found to be inferior to the Ellman method based on the use of 5,5'dithio (bis-2 nitro benzoic acid). Techniques for SH group analysis in fluid milk and dried milk powder are described, along with typical results, their interpretations, and current research related to processing effects and the role of milk SH content on a wider range of technological issues, such as development of cooked flavors, fouling and cleaning of plate heat exchanges, protein-protein interactions, and the storage stability. Finally, a number of areas requiring further research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Owusu-Apenten
- Department of Food Science, Borland Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Lim A, Prokaeva T, McComb ME, Connors LH, Skinner M, Costello CE. Identification of S-sulfonation and S-thiolation of a novel transthyretin Phe33Cys variant from a patient diagnosed with familial transthyretin amyloidosis. Protein Sci 2003; 12:1775-85. [PMID: 12876326 PMCID: PMC2323963 DOI: 10.1110/ps.0349703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Familial transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with a variant form of the plasma carrier protein transthyretin (TTR). Amyloid fibrils consisting of variant TTR, wild-type TTR, and TTR fragments deposit in tissues and organs. The diagnosis of ATTR relies on the identification of pathologic TTR variants in plasma of symptomatic individuals who have biopsy proven amyloid disease. Previously, we have developed a mass spectrometry-based approach, in combination with direct DNA sequence analysis, to fully identify TTR variants. Our methodology uses immunoprecipitation to isolate TTR from serum, and electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) peptide mapping to identify TTR variants and posttranslational modifications. Unambiguous identification of the amino acid substitution is performed using tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis and confirmed by direct DNA sequence analysis. The MS and MS/MS analyses also yield information about posttranslational modifications. Using this approach, we have recently identified a novel pathologic TTR variant. This variant has an amino acid substitution (Phe --> Cys) at position 33. In addition, like the Cys10 present in the wild type and in this variant, the Cys33 residue was both S-sulfonated and S-thiolated (conjugated to cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione). These adducts may play a role in the TTR fibrillogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amyloidosis, Familial/blood
- Amyloidosis, Familial/diagnosis
- Amyloidosis, Familial/genetics
- Amyloidosis, Familial/metabolism
- Cysteine/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Oxidative Stress
- Peptide Mapping
- Phenylalanine/genetics
- Prealbumin/chemistry
- Prealbumin/genetics
- Prealbumin/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Amareth Lim
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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FLEISCHMAN JB, PORTER RR, PRESS EM. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PEPTIDE CHAINS IN GAMMA-GLOBULIN. Biochem J 1996; 88:220-8. [PMID: 14063859 PMCID: PMC1202100 DOI: 10.1042/bj0880220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Würfel M, Häberlein I, Follmann H. Facile sulfitolysis of the disulfide bonds in oxidized thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 211:609-14. [PMID: 8436120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins and glutaredoxins, in their oxidized form, possess a single disulfide bridge located on an edge of the small compact molecules. In contrast to most other disulfide-containing proteins, this S-S bridge is cleaved by millimolar concentrations of sulfite in the absence of protein denaturing agents at pH 7-8 and ambient temperature; however, the reaction is not quantitative. Sulfitolysis of Escherichia coli thioredoxin was found to be associated with an increase in fluorescence at 345 nm. A comparative study of sulfitolysis in 12 different thioredoxins and glutaredoxins of bacterial and plant origin has been made. Although they are all thought to be highly conserved in three-dimensional structure, their reactivities towards sulfite and the effects of 6 M guanidinium chloride (not affecting, or enhancing sulfitolysis) vary strongly in the series, with E. coli thioredoxin being less reactive and plant thioredoxins and E. coli glutaredoxin being more susceptible molecules. Contrary to expectation, reaction with sulfite is not generally correlated with the presence of negatively or positively charged amino acid residues near the disulfide loop but is determined by individual sequence and surface features in every single protein. These results confirm our hypothesis that thioredoxin sulfitolysis and inactivation [Würfel, M., Häberlein, I., Follmann, H. (1990) FEBS Lett. 268, 146-148] can occur in plant cells under physiological conditions and provide a biochemical rationale for the phytotoxicity of SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Würfel
- Fachbereich Biologie-Chemie, Universität Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany
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Lawrence G, Payne P. The half-cystine content of glutenin subunits of wheat determined by reaction with cystamine dihydrochloride and two-dimensional electrophoresis. J Cereal Sci 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-5210(84)80011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Prasad B, Rao D. Relative sensitivity of a leguminous and a cereal crop to sulphur dioxide pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-1471(82)90054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Nöhammer G. Quantitative microspectrophotometrical determination of protein thiols and disulfides with 2,2'-dihydroxy-6,6'-dinaphthyldisulfide (DDD). The variety of DDD-staining methods demonstrated on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1982; 75:219-50. [PMID: 6182135 DOI: 10.1007/bf00496014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
2,2'-dihydroxy-6,6'-dinaphthyldisulfide (DDD) reacts with both protein thiol groups and with protein disulfides (Nöhammer 1977). By varying the pH of the DDD-reaction, as well as the reaction times, the complex reaction became specific with respect to the histochemical demonstration of protein-SH groups. Furthermore, the application of the histochemical DDD-reaction following quantitative blockade of the protein-SH groups enabled the demonstration of distinctive DDD-reactive disulfides. The specificity and the extent of the different histochemical DDD-staining methods were investigated by comparing macroscopically determined values of the protein-SH-contents, and the contents of the different kinds of disulfides in Ehrlich-ascites-tumor cells (EATC) (Modig 1968; Hofer 1975), with microspectrometrical values determined with the MCN-method of Nöhammer et al. (1981), and with microspectrometrical values measured on EATC after staining with the modified DDD-methods. Also, the method for the histochemical demonstration of protein-SH with DDD after the reduction of the disulfides with thioglycolate was investigated and conditions were found by which the protein-SH content could be determined quantitatively with DDD and Fast blue B after the reduction of the disulfides. With the aid of the MCN-method (Nöhammer et al. 1981), the intracellular disulfide interchange reaction was investigated, leading to pH-dependent changes of the SH-SS-ratio of fixed cells during their incubation in aqueous media. In addition the possibility of protein loss during the long incubation times of the fixed cells in the DDD-solutions was investigated. For the quantitative microscpecrometrical determination of the protein content of EATC the so-called tetrazonium-coupling method, optimized by Nöhammer (1978) and calibrated by Nöhammer et al. (1981), was used.
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36
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The subunits of the parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis: Size, linkage and toxicity. Arch Microbiol 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00417171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Tomasi M, Battistini A, Araco A, Roda LG, D'Agnolo G. The role of the reactive disulfide bond in the interaction of cholera-toxin functional regions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 93:621-7. [PMID: 421689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb12862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactivity of disulfide bonds towards reducing agents, in the absence of denaturing conditions, in cholera toxin has been studied. Treatment of the toxin with dithiothreitol or other mercaptans gave selective reduction of one of the six disulfide bonds of the protein. This reactive disulfide links two distinct functional regions of the toxin, fragment alpha, which activates adenylate cyclase, and fragment gammabeta5, which recognizes the cell surface receptors. Upon reduction, the two fragments remain bound together and the secondary structure of the protein is retained. The two functional regions have been separated and purified only by methods based on charge differences. When mixed together, purified alpha and purified gammabeta5 fragments spontaneously and rapidly re-form the disulfide bond. However, reduction of the disulfide bond is an absolute requirement for freeing the catalytic site of the alpha functional region. Thus, while other non-covalent binding regions are involved in maintaining cholera toxin molecular structure, the reactive disulfide bond may play a role in the mechanism of cell intoxication.
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39
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Gigli I, von Zabern I, Porter RR. The isolation and structure of C4, the fourth component of human complement. Biochem J 1977; 165:439-46. [PMID: 921758 PMCID: PMC1164925 DOI: 10.1042/bj1650439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fourth component of complement, C4, was isolated from human serum in good yield, and in confirmation of previous reports was shown to be formed from three peptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma, with apparent mol.wts. 90 000, 80 000 and 30 000 respectively. Preparative methods are described for the isolation of the three peptide chains and their amino acid analyses reported. Component C4 contains 7.0% carbohydrate, alpha-chain 8.6% and the beta-chain 5.6%. The N-terminal amino acid sequences are given for 12 residues of the alpha-chain, eight of the beta-chain and 19 of the gamma-chain.
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40
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Hofmann K, Hamm R. [Determination of sulphydryl and disulphide groups in proteins by amperometric titration. III. Investigation of the specifity of Ag+ ions for protein SH groups (author's transl)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND -FORSCHUNG 1975; 159:205-12. [PMID: 178121 DOI: 10.1007/bf01460061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The specifity of Ag+ ions for protein SH groups has been questioned frequently, even though the amperometric titration with AgNO3 is one of the most common methods for the determination of SH groups in proteins. This is due to the fact, that the formation of silver complexes in the titration of cysteine causes a consumption of AgNO3 which is too high. In order to find out if this may be true in the case of proteins, in the present work select proteins with a well known content of SH and SS groups have been titrated amperometrically in tris buffer pH 7.4 with 0.001 M AgNO3. The proteins used were hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, lysozyme, pepsin, myoglobin, and cytochrome c. The direct and the indirect titrations of (a) native, (b) denatured, and (c) NaBH4 reduced proteins showed, that the expected consumption of AgNO3 was in no case exceeded. Therefore under the conditions used AgNO3 may be considered as a specific reagent for protein SH groups. High SH values as a result of the amperometric titration of proteins with silver nitrate, which have been published occasionally, may be due to incorrect estimation of the end point of the titration. The reducibility of SS groups depends on the kind of protein. Lysozyme and pepsin were already completely reduced at 23 degrees C, whereas bovine serum albumin needed 60 degrees C. The direct titration method was useful only in some cases for the detection of all SH groups originally present in the proteins or formed by reduction with NaBH4. On the other hand the indirect titration method gave maximum values, because the slowly reacting SH groups of proteins are also allowed to react and the resulting titration curves may be evaluated correctly.
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41
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Scheller F, Jänchen M, Lampe J, Prümke HJ, Blanck J, Palecek E. Studies on electron transfer between mercury electrode and hemoprotein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 412:157-67. [PMID: 79 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(75)90348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of ferricytochrome c, metmyoglobin and methemoglobin was studied using d.c., a.c. and differential pulse polarography, and controlled potential electrolysis. 1. The three hemoproteins yield d.c. polarographic steps, and peaks in differential pulse polarograms, the height of which is proportional to concentration. The charge transfer is influenced by strong adsorption. 2. The concentration dependence of the a.c. polarograms indicates structural changes in the adsorbed molecules. 3. The reduction products of controlled potential electrolysis of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin have absorption spectra identical with the native control samples. The affinity for oxygen and the cooperativity in hemoglobin are not affected by the reaction at the electrode. 4. The charge transfer proceeds via adsorbed, already reduced, molecules to freely diffusible proteins.
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42
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Chiang R, Makino R, Spomer WE, Hager LP. Chloroperoxidase: P-450 type absorption in the absence of sulfhydryl groups. Biochemistry 1975; 14:4166-71. [PMID: 170955 DOI: 10.1021/bi00690a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation state of the two half-cystine residues in the native ferric form of chloroperoxidase and in the reduced ferrous chloroperoxidase has been examined in order to evaluate the role of sulfhydryl groups as determinants of P-450 type spectra. Mössbauer and optical spectroscopy studies indicate that the ferrous forms of P-450cam and chloroperoxidase have very similar or identical heme environments. Model studies have suggested that sulfhydryl groups may function as axial ligands for developing P-450 character. However, chemical studies involving both sulfhydryl reagents and amperometric titrations show that neither the ferric nor the chemically produced ferrous forms of chloroperoxidase contain a sulfhydryl group. These results rule out the hypothesis that sulfhydryl groups are unique components for P-450 absorption characteristics. The optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the nitric oxide complex of chloroperoxidase have been obtained and compared to those of myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase. The EPR spectrum of the NO-ferrous chloroperoxidase complex, which is similar to that of cytochrome P-450cam, does not show the extra nitrogen hyperfine structure which appears to be characteristic of those hemoproteins which have a nitrogen atom as an axial heme ligand.
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43
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Weitzman PD. Evidence against the proposed interaction of thionitrobenzoate with protein disulphide bonds. Biochem J 1975; 149:281-3. [PMID: 1191260 PMCID: PMC1165614 DOI: 10.1042/bj1490281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thionitrobenzoate was prepared from 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and its reaction with several disulphide-containing proteins was examined under various conditions. No evidence for any cleavage of disulphide bonds was obtained. The claim by Robyt et al. [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1971) 147, 262-269] that thionitrobenzoate allows the quantitative determination of disulphide bonds in proteins is not substantiated.
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44
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Rivat C, Fontaine M, Ropartz C, Caullet C. Electrochemical reduction of immunoglobulins. Specific reduction of the inter-heavy chain disulfide bridges of IgG. Eur J Immunol 1973; 3:537-42. [PMID: 4766955 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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46
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Cartwright T, Kekwick RG. A comparative study of human, cow, pig and sheep fibrinogen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 236:550-62. [PMID: 5559962 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(71)90239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Blundell TL, Dodson GG, Dodson E, Hodgkin DC, Vijayan M. X-ray analysis and the structure of insulin. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1971; 27:1-40. [PMID: 4946130 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571127-2.50025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Zaharia O, Soru E. Staphylococcal ornithine carbamoyltransferase. Purification and some properties. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 18:28-34. [PMID: 5540514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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49
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Kalab M. Factors Affecting the Ellman Determination of Sulfhydryl Groups in Skimmilk Powder and Gels. J Dairy Sci 1970. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(70)86279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Bernini LF, Borri-Voltattorni C. Studies on the structure of human haptoglobins. I. Spontaneous refolding after extensive reduction and dissociation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 200:203-19. [PMID: 4984555 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(70)90165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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