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Guss JM. Hans Charles Freeman (1929–2008): A scientific journey from dipole moments to protein crystallography. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 115:114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mehta RA, Mattoo AK. Isolation and Identification of Ripening-Related Tomato Fruit Carboxypeptidase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1996; 110:875-882. [PMID: 12226226 PMCID: PMC157787 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.3.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit carboxypeptidase active on N-carbobenzoxy Z-L-phenylalanine-L-alanine was found to constitute a family of isoforms whose abundance changed differentially during ripening. A specific polyclonal antibody against the fruit carboxypeptidase was raised in rabbits and used to purify and identify the protein. The data from immunoaffinity chromatography, immunoinhibition studies, immunoprecipitation of the in vivo- and in vitro-labeled proteins, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of native isoforms strongly suggest that the fruit carboxypeptidases are monomers or oligomers of 68- and/or 43-kD subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Mehta
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 (R.A.M., A.K.M.)
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Shima H, Fukuda M, Tanabe K, Ito T, Kunugi S. Wheat Carboxypeptidase-Catalyzed Peptide Synthesis by Aminolysis ofN-Acyl Amino Acid Ester. Indication of the Acyl-Enzyme Mechanism. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
A kininase, capable of degrading bradykinin, was partially purified from the dental pulp of rats, and its properties were investigated. Chromatography on both Sephadex G-200 and DEAE Sephadex A-50 columns gave a single peak of kininase activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme, estimated by gel filtration, was about 67,000, and the optimum pH for the enzymatic reaction was about 7.5. The enzyme appears to contain a labile SH group(s) that is essential for its activity, because CdCl2, HgCl2 (0.1 mM each), and p-chloromercuric benzoate (0.05 mM) inhibited the enzyme completely, while dithiothreitol retarded the loss of activity during storage. Of various peptides tested, bradykinin was the substrate most sensitive for the enzyme. The enzyme released several amino acids located in the C-terminal regions of bradykinin--angiotensin I and neurotensin--but only one C-terminal amino acid from des-Arg9--bradykinin and angiotensin II. In contrast, the enzyme did not release any amino acids from substance P, of which only the two amino acids in the N-terminal region are the same as those of bradykinin, but its C-terminal is blocked by an amino group. Although the enzyme was not so highly purified as to rule out the contribution of other peptidases, these results suggest that the dental pulp of rats may contain a single enzyme that degrades bradykinin, and the enzyme may be a type of carboxypeptidase, differing from known kininases from other animal sources.
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Ragster LV, Chrispeels MJ. Hemoglobin-digesting Acid Proteinases in Soybean Leaves: CHARACTERISTICS AND CHANGES DURING LEAF MATURATION AND SENESCENCE. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1981; 67:110-4. [PMID: 16661607 PMCID: PMC425631 DOI: 10.1104/pp.67.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three proteinases which digest hemoglobin rapidly at acid pH (3.5 to 4.5) were identified in crude extracts of soybean (Merr.) leaves and separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. All three enzymes were endopeptidases as judged by the ratio of alpha-amino-nitrogen plus peptide nitrogen over alpha-amino-nitrogen in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble portion of hemoglobin digests. Proteinase I did not bind to diethylaminoethyl cellulose and was not inhibited by any of the proteinase inhibitors tested. Proteinase II was partially inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, N-ethylmaleimide, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The inhibition by phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride can probably be accounted for by the presence of contaminating carboxypeptidase. Proteinase III was the most anionic of the three and required the presence of sulfhydryl reagents to prevent the irreversible loss of activity. All the proteinase preparations digested soy-bean ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase as shown by the disappearance of the large subunit of that protein, when partially digested preparations were subjected to electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. These experiments confirmed that the three proteinases were endopeptidases. All three proteinases were present throughout leaf development; proteinase I predominated in expanding leaves, whereas proteinase III became the predominant enzyme as the leaves matured. Senescence (yellowing) was associated with a decline in the activities of all three proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Ragster
- Department of Biology, C-016, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Heil J, Lebherz H. “Hybridization” between aldolase subunits derived from mammalian and plant origin. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)46973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Preston KR, Kruger JE. Purification and properties of two proteolytic enzymes with carboxypeptidase activity in germinated wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1976; 58:516-20. [PMID: 16659708 PMCID: PMC543262 DOI: 10.1104/pp.58.4.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Two proteolytic enzymes with carboxypeptidase activity have been isolated from a germinated wheat extract and partially characterized. Both enzymes rapidly released amino acids from hemoglobin and gluten and hydrolyzed carbobenzoxy-phenylalanylalanine. The enzymes were inhibited by diisopropylphosphofluoridate, but unaffected by salts, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and sulfhydryl reagents at lower concentrations, and had molecular weights of approximately 55,000 and 61,000. Analysis of the hydrolysis products of hemoglobin and gluten indicated that both enzymes had broad specificities, including the ability to release proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Preston
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 3G9
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Whitfeld PR, Higgins TJ. Occurrence of short particles in beans infected with the cowpea strain of TMV. I. Purification and characterization of short particles. Virology 1976; 71:471-85. [PMID: 936470 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Solomon EI, Hare JW, Gray HB. Spectroscopic studies and a structural model for blue copper centers in proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:1389-93. [PMID: 818636 PMCID: PMC430299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.5.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperature absorption, circular dichroism, and magnetic circular dichroism spectral studies of the blue copper proteins Rhus vernicifera stellacyanin, bean plastocyanin, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin have been made. Low energy bands attributable to the d-d transitions 2B2 leads to 2E and 2B2 leads to 2B1 in a flattened tetrahedral (D 2d) copper-(II) center are observed in these proteins at about 5000 and 10,000 cm-1, respectively. The band positions accord well with ligand field calculations based on a tetrahedral structure that is distorted approximately 6 degrees toward a square plane. The ligands in this flattened tetrahedral coordination unit in bean plastocyanin are identified from various spectroscopic experiments as His-38, Cys-85, His-88, and a deprotonated peptide nitrogen (N) a few residues above His-38.
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12
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Effect of host enzyme extracts on the electrophoretic forms and specific infectivity of cowpea mosaic virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(75)90059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yokoyama S, Oobayashi A, Tanabe O, Ichishima E. Action of crystalline acid carboxypeptidase from Penicillium janthinellum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 397:443-8. [PMID: 239751 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acid carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.12.-) crystallized from culture filtrate of Penicillium janthinellum has been investigated for its use in carboxy-terminal sequence determination of Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly, Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro, angiotensin I, native lysozyme, native ribonuclease T1, and reduced S-carboxy-methyl-lysozyme. The examination indicated that proline and glycine were liberated from Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro. At high enzyme concentration, the enzyme catalyzed complete sequential release of amino acids from the carboxy-terminal leucine to the amino-terminal aspartic acid of angiotensin I. The enzyme released the carboxy-terminal leucine from native lysozyme, however, no release of the threonine from native ribonuclease T1 was observed after a prolonged period of incubation with the enzyme. The sequence of the first nine carboxy-terminal residues of denatured lysozyme, leucine, arginine, S-carboxymethyl-cysteine, glycine, arginine, isoleucine, tryptophane, alanine, and glutamine, could be deduced unequivocally from a time release plot of an incubation mixture with the enzyme.
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McMillin DR, Rosenberg RC, Gray HB. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of cobalt(II) derivatives of blue copper proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4760-2. [PMID: 4216022 PMCID: PMC433976 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparation of cobalt(II) derivatives of type 1 copper proteins has been extended to include bean plastocyanin and azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fluorescence quenching data suggest that Co(II) binds to the type 1 site of both apoplastocyanin and apoazurin. Electronic absorption spectral measurements have been made for cobalt(II)-stellacyanin, cobalt(II)-plastocyanin, and cobalt(II)-azurin. In each case two visible bands with moderate intensities and two rather strong ultraviolet absorption peaks are observed. The intensity pattern and the separation of the two ultraviolet bands in the Co(II) derivatives correspond closely to the two intense, low-lying absorption peaks in the analogous, type 1 copper proteins. The evidence suggests that the intense, two-band systems represent ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions in both Cu(II) and Co(II) derivatives. It is proposed that the transitions in each case originate in the 3ppi and 3psigma orbitals of a cysteine sulfur ligand at the type 1 site. The visible absorption bands in the Co(II) derivatives are assigned to d-d transitions. The large (4)P splitting observed indicates that the type 1 Co(II) site is of low symmetry. The d-d band pattern suggests that the high-spin Co(II) center is either distorted tetrahedral or five-coordinate. The observed band intensities are in much closer accord with the values for Co(II) complexes known to have distorted tetrahedral structures.
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Milne PR, Wells JR, Ambler RP. The amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Biochem J 1974; 143:691-701. [PMID: 4462751 PMCID: PMC1168438 DOI: 10.1042/bj1430691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the plastocyanin from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was determined. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 99 residues, and the sequence was determined by characterization of CNBr, tryptic, chymotryptic and thermolysin peptides. When the sequence is compared with that from the plastocyanin of the unicellular green alga Chlorella fusca, the French-bean protein shows the deletion of the N-terminal residue, a two residue insertion and 53 identical residues. Detailed evidence for the sequence of the protein has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50037 (16pp., 1 microfiche) at the British Library (Lending Division) (formerly the National Lending Library for Science and Technology), Boston Spa, Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained on the terms given in Biochem. J. (1973) 131, 5.
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Yokoyama S, Oobayashi A, Tanabe O, Icheshima E. Submerged production, purification, and crystallization of acid carboxypeptidase from Penicillium janthinellum IFO-8070. Appl Microbiol 1974; 28:742-7. [PMID: 4474829 PMCID: PMC186817 DOI: 10.1128/am.28.5.742-747.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium janthinellum IFO-8070 produced an acid carboxypeptidase of molecular weight 51,000 in a liquid medium at 25 C. Maximum enzyme concentration was obtained within 3 to 6 days in a medium containing 2% wheat bran, 1% defatted soybean, and 1% KH(2)PO(4); the initial pH was 2 to 4. When submerged aerobic conditions were used, a 51,000-molecular-weight acid carboxypeptidase was produced and no detectable amounts of 160,000-molecular-weight acid carboxypeptidase were produced. Acid carboxypeptidase with a molecular weight of 51,000 was purified 330-fold from koji culture to yield a crystalline protein which was demonstrated by disc electrophoresis to be homogeneous. The purification method included ammonium sulfate fractionation, Amberlite CG-50 chromatography, acetone fractionation, Amberlite CG-50 rechromatography, and concentration in a collodion bag. The specific activity of the enzyme was about three times more than that of the acid carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus saitoi.
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Ihle JN, Dure LS. The Developmental Biochemistry of Cottonseed Embryogenesis and Germination. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Shaw DC, Wells JR. Radiochemical determination of a unique sequence around the reactive serine residue of a di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-sensitive plant carboxypeptidase and a yeast peptidase. Biochem J 1972; 128:229-35. [PMID: 4563640 PMCID: PMC1173758 DOI: 10.1042/bj1280229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phaseolain, a carboxypeptidase from French-bean leaves, and a partially purified peptidase from baker's yeast are inhibited by reaction with di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate. Radioactive di-isopropyl [(32)P]phosphorofluoridate was used to show that the site of reaction is a unique serine residue and that the sequence of amino acids adjacent to the reactive serine is Glu-Ser-Tyr. This sequence is different from those of other ;serine' enzymes previously reported and, for phaseolain, represents an unequivocal example of a ;serine' carboxypeptidase.
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Ichishima E. Purification and characterization of a new type of acid carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 258:274-88. [PMID: 4621676 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(72)90985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ambler RP. [10] Enzymatic hydrolysis with carboxypeptidases. Methods Enzymol 1972; 25:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(72)25012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vaganova TI, Azarenkova NM, Lyublinskaya LA, Stepanov VM. Detection of a carboxypeptidase in Aspergillus oryzae. Chem Nat Compd 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00564477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carey WF, Wells JR. An antibody-specific method for the reomoval of an of an endopeptidase from the plant carboxypeptidase, phaseolain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 41:574-81. [PMID: 5479287 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Milne P, Wells J. Structural and Molecular Weight Studies on the Small Copper Protein, Plastocyanin. J Biol Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wells JR. Characterisation of three proteolytic enzymes from French beans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 167:388-98. [PMID: 5729954 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(68)90218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Shaw DC, Wells JR. A unique amino acid sequence around a reactive serine residue in peptidases from French beans and yeast. Biochem J 1967; 104:5C. [PMID: 6035523 PMCID: PMC1270582 DOI: 10.1042/bj1040005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ambler RP. [14] Enzymic hydrolysis with carboxypeptidases. Methods Enzymol 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(67)11016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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[49] Carboxypeptidases A and B. Methods Enzymol 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(67)11051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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